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AIM: To compare the thickness of retina in macular area and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)around optic disc between the eyes of monocular anisometropic amblyopia children and normal eyes.METHODS: A total of 62 children(124 eyes)with monocular anisometropic amblyopia who were treated in Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the experimental group, and 60 children(60 eyes; right eye)with normal vision who were treated in the same period were selected as the control group. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to detect the retinal thickness in macular region and the RNFL thickness around optic disc in the two groups, and comparative analysis was performed.RESULTS: The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of amblyopic children in experimental group were thicker than those in control group, and most of them had significant differences(P<0.05). The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of contralateral non-amblyopic children in experimental group were thinner than those in control group, but there were no significant differences in most of them(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the retinal thickness of the macula and perioptic RNFL in the amblyopic eye and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye of monocular anisometropic amblyopic children compared with normal eyes, and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye is not completely equal to the normal eye.
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Diseases like viral keratitis can harm corneal nerves, which are necessary for maintaining the health and functionality of the cornea. Recent research has shown that corneal nerve pathology affects the infected eye as well as the contralateral one, and that aberrant changes in sympathetic nerves can be seen, with the exception of sensory nerves that correspond to corneal sensation. However, apart from in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal sensation, there have been no additional prognostic indicators that allow clinicians to assess the severity of corneal nerve damage. While multiple functions of corneal nerves are mediated by neuropeptides, substance P, the first topical neuropeptide used in ocular clinical practice, was proved to regulate the process of viral infections, and it is involved in bilateral corneal pathologies through pro-inflammatory and neurotrophic functions in viral keratitis, so it may be used as a diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target. Therefore, this review summarized the changes and roles of corneal nerves as well as substance P in viral keratitis, which may serve as a reference for further study into associated mechanisms and clinical applications.
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Objetivo: identificar la aparición de signos tempranos para el desarrollo de agujero macular idiopático en el ojo contralateral, mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo-descriptivo de serie de casos. Se estudiaron 208 ojos de 104 pacientes con diagnóstico de agujero macular idiopático atendidos en la consulta externa del Servicio de Retina del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", entre diciembre del año 2008 y diciembre de 2011. Los pacientes fueron estudiados posteriormente por un periodo de cinco años. Se evaluaron las variables demográficas, la agudeza visual mejor corregida, los estadios de agujero macular por tomografía de coherencia óptica y se determinó la estabilidad, la progresión o la regresión de los hallazgos al año y a los cinco años en el ojo contralateral. En el análisis estadístico se empleó el porcentaje y las comparaciones de frecuencias, para lo cual se utilizó el estadígrafo Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significación del 95 por ciento. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 65,8 y predominó el sexo femenino. El 43,3 por ciento del ojo contralateral tenía alteraciones en la interfase vitreomacular al inicio del estudio. En la evolución al año y a los cinco años se observaron diferencias significativas (p= 0,000) en la distribución de casos en los diferentes estadios. Al año se mostró estabilidad en el 78,3 por ciento comparado con el 54,6 por ciento a los cinco años. La progresión a estadios más avanzados fue escasa y similar en los dos periodos de estudio (8,2 y 7,2 por ciento respectivamente). Hubo regresión de un 13,4 por ciento al año y 38,1 por ciento a los cinco años. El desprendimiento posterior del vítreo completo lo presentaron más del 60 por ciento de los ojos al final del estudio. Desarrollaron agujero macular idiopático de espesor completo el 4,8 por ciento de los ojos contralaterales. Existió disminución de la visión en aquellos pacientes con progresión a estadios más avanzados (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: la tomografía de coherencia óptica resulta un método diagnóstico efectivo para la evaluación de los cambios anatómicos en los pacientes con agujero macular idiopático. Es necesario el seguimiento periódico para lograr una conducta quirúrgica temprana y una recuperación visual óptima, ya que se trata del segundo ojo afectado(AU)
Objective: identify the appearance of early signs of the development of idiopathic macular hole in the contralateral eye using optical coherence tomography. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of a case series. The study sample was 208 eyes of 104 patients diagnosed with idiopathic macular hole attending outpatient consultation at the Retina Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from December 2008 to December 2011, after which period the patients were followed-up for five years. Evaluation was carried out of demographic variables, best corrected visual acuity and macular hole stage by optical coherence tomography, determining the stability, progression or regression of findings one and five years later in the contralateral eye. Statistical analysis was based on percentage and frequency comparisons, using the chi square statigram with a significance level of 95 percent. Results: mean age was 65.8 years. Female sex prevailed. At the start of the study, 43.3 percent of the contralateral eyes presented alterations in the vitreo-macular interface. Significant differences were found between evolution at one and five years (p= 0.000) regarding the distribution of cases in the various stages. Stability was 78.3 percent at one year and 54.6 percent at five. Progression to more advanced stages was scant, with similar values in the two study periods (8.2 percent and 7.2 percent, respectively). Regression was 13.4 percent at one year and 38.1 percent at five. Posterior detachment of the entire vitreous was present in more than 60 percent of the eyes at the end of the study. Full thickness idiopathic macular hole developed in 4.8 percent of the contralateral eyes. There was vision reduction in patients with progression to more advanced stages (p= 0.001). Conclusions: optical coherence tomography is an effective diagnostic method to evaluate anatomical changes in patients with idiopathic macular hole. Periodic follow-up is required for early determination of the most appropriate surgical management to achieve optimal visual recovery, since this is the second eye affected(AU)