Evaluation of core decompression outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus with hip osteonecrosis: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Osteonecrosis is a major cause of morbidity for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although core decompression is an approved and trusted technique to prevent further joint deterioration, this surgical method seems to be less beneficial for SLE patients. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of core decompression in SLE patients with primary stages of femoral head osteonecrosis. Methods In this study, 23 patients (39 affected hip joints) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with stage II of the disease, based on the Ficat-Arlet classification system, underwent core decompression. Also, patients demographic characteristics, clinical data, medication history, comorbidities, immunological findings, hip plain radiographs, history of total hip arthroplasty after core decompression, and patients satisfaction with joint function according to the Oxford hip score questionnaire were obtained. Results In the study, 53.8% of affected joints showed signs of radiographic deterioration in follow-up imaging. Sixty-one and a half percent (61.5%) of patients had unsatisfactory joint performance. A third (33.3%) of affected hip joints underwent total hip arthroplasty up to 5 years from core decompression. SLE patients with a history of receiving bisphosphonate were 83.2% less dissatisfied with their joint function than patients without a history of bisphospho-nate use (P < 0.02). Of the 23 studied cases, the mean cumulative dose of prednisolone before and after core decompression surgery was 46.41 mg and 14.74 mg respectively. Besides, one case (2.6%) that had a high anti-phospholipid antibodies level during follow-up did not have any radiographic deterioration, and 9 cases (23.1%) had some degrees of radiographic deterioration. Conclusions The patients group that used bis-phosphonate, had a higher level of satisfaction with joint function after core decompression. Patients with high-level anti-phospholipid antibodies are related to a poor prognosis after core decompression.

Clinical study on core decompression in treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head of the necrotic bone-in different site / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical effect of decompression and bone grafting on osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) at different sites of necrotic lesions.@*METHODS@#A total of 105 patients with ARCOⅡstage ONFH admitted from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 71 males and 34 females, with an average age of (55.20±10.98) years old. The mean course of all patients was(15.91±9.85) months. According to Japanese Inveatigation Committee (JIC) classification, all patients were divided into 4 types:17 cases of type A, 26 cases of type B, 33 cases of type C1 and 29 cases of type C2. All four groups were treated with decompression of the pulp core and bone grafting. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and Harris hip joint score were used before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation, and the collapse of the femoral head was observed by X-ray examination within 2 years.@*RESULTS@#All 105 patients were successful on operation without complications, and the mean follow-up duration was (24.45±2.75) months. Harris score showed that there was no statistical difference among four groups before surgery and 3, 6 months after surgery (P>0.05);at 12 and 24 months after surgery, there were significant differences among all groups (P<0.01). There were significant differences in intragroup Harris scores at preoperative and postoperative time points among four groups (P<0.01). VAS showed that there was no statistical difference among four groups before and 3, 6 months after surgery (P>0.05);at 12 and 24 months after surgery, there were significant differences among all groups (P<0.01). There were significant differences in VAS at preoperative and postoperative time points among four groups (P<0.01). None of the patients in four groups had femoral head collapse before and 3, 6 months after surgery. At 12 months after operation, there were 3 cases of femoral head collapse in group C and 4 cases in group C2(P>0.05);At 24 months after operation, 1 case of femoral head collapse occurred in group B, 6 cases in group C1 and 8 cases in group C2(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Core decompression and bone grafting can improve the effect of ONFH and hip preservation. The effect of hip preservation for ONFH is closely related to the location of the osteonecrosis lesion, so the influence of the location of lesion on the effect of hip preservation should be considered in clinical treatment, so as to make better preoperative hip preservation plan.

Clinical analysis of distal radius core decompression for chronic wrist pain / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of distal radius core decompression in the treatment of chronic wrist pain caused by various etiologies.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 10 patients with chronic wrist pain treated with distal radial core decompression between January 2018 and December 2021. There were 6 males and 4 females with an average age of 37.4 years (range, 21-55 years). The disease duration ranged from 7 to 72 months, with an average of 26.5 months. Preoperative MRI examination showed that 10 cases had bone marrow edema at the distal radius on the affected side, and 8 cases had bone marrow edema in the carpal bones such as scaphoid and lunate bone. Among them, 3 patients had a history of wrist fracture, and 2 patients had Kienböck diseases (1 case each in stage ⅡB and stage ⅢA). Three cases were combined with triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) type 1A injury. Two cases were combined with osteoarthritis, 1 of them was complicated with severe traumatic arthritis, the wrist arthroscopy showed that the TFCC was completely lost and could not be repaired, and the cartilage of the lunate bone and the ulnar head were severely worn.Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the relief of wrist pain before operation, at 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up, and the range of motion of the affected wrist in dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation was measured. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated according to T1WI, T2WI, and STIR sequences of MRI.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up 12-22 months, with an average of 16.4 months. Except for 1 patient who experienced persistent wrist joint pain and limited mobility after operation, the remaining 9 patients showed significant improvement in pain symptoms and wrist joint mobility. The VAS score and range of motion of wrist dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation at 6 months after operation and at last follow-up were significantly improved when compared with those before operation, the VAS score and the range of motion of wrist ulnar deviation and radial deviation at last follow-up were further improved when compared with those at 6 months after operation, all showing significant differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in wrist dorsiflexion and palmar flexion between at 6 months after operation and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). Bone marrow edema was improved in 6 patients on MRI at 6 months after operation, and was also improved in other patients at last follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#For chronic wrist pain caused by a variety of causes, distal radius core decompression can directly reduce the pressure of the medullary cavity of the distal radius, improve the blood supply of the corresponding distal structure, significantly alleviate chronic wrist pain, and provide an option for clinical treatment.

Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct to core decompression to treatment outcomes and femoral head preservation in avascular necrosis of the hip: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background@#Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head results from intraosseous pathology causing functional impairment. Early diagnosis allows conservative treatment like core decompression, delaying total hip arthroplasty.@*Objective@#This meta-analysis aims to summarize platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) impact as an adjunct to core decompression (CD) on treatment outcomes and femoral head preservation in hip AVN. @*Methods@#The study conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Med Line, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and previous meta-analyses from various databases. Using a random effects model, it compared PRP+CD with bone grafting to CD with bone grafting alone in AVN patients, evaluating function, pain scores, disease progression and the need for hip surgery.@*Results@#The meta-analysis examined 1041 records and included three studies. The primary outcomes were function and pain scores using Harris Hip Scoring (HHS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Postoperative HHS scores at final follow-up favored the PRP+CD group significantly over CD alone. Postoperative VAS scores showed a trend towards higher scores in the CD alone group. The PRP+CD group demonstrated higher survival from disease progression compared to CD alone. Overall, the study suggests that PRP+CD led to better functional outcomes and disease progression outcomes than CD alone in AVN of the hip.@*Conclusion@#The PRP+CD treatment group showed significant benefits in AVN patients compared to CD alone, including higher HHS scores, improved disease progression survival and reduced need for hip surgery. Although PRP+CD resulted in decreased VAS scores, the difference was not statistically significant.

A rare case of osteonecrosis of hip in sickle cell disease

Avascular necrosis of bone is a severe complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and Management of these problems is often difficult because of the diagnostic imprecision of most laboratory and imaging investigations and because of the lack of evidence for most surgical procedures in sickle cell disease. Its treatment is not standardized. The objective in this case is to determine the impact of core decompression and PRP infusion in the management of Avascular necrosis of hip. In this case, a young Indian male with a known history of sickle cell disease presented to the clinic with severe bilateral hip pain. The pain had lasted for several months and had not improved with anti- inflammatory medication and starting on alandronate. There was severe pain with internal and external rotation of the hip. MRI of the femur showed stage 2 or 3 avascular necrosis of the femoral head, while X-rays of the femur were unremarkable. Patient managed conservatively by Non weight- bearing for several weeks and oral medication shortly thereafter, the patient underwent core decompression of the bilateral femoral head as well as continuing on Alendronate, a bisphosphonate. The patient improved temporarily but regressed shortly thereafter. His avascular necrosis worsened radiographically over the next several months. At this point, the only other option would be to do a total hip arthroplasty, but the patient may need several more throughout his lifetime due to the lifespan of the artificial replacement. There have only been scarce reports of avascular necrosis in patients with sickle cell trait. This manuscript presents such a case and includes the trials and tribulations associated with its management.

A new strategy for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Research evidence shows hip arthroplasty has become the final treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head, but early-and middle-stage osteonecrosis of femoral head or young patients often give priority to hip preservation treatment, including conservative treatment and surgical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of hip preservation in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head. METHODS: The literature about hip-preserving treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head in PubMed, VIP, CNKI and Web of Science databases from 2010 to March 2020 was searched by computer. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, hyperbaric oxygen, pulsed electromagnetic fields, extracorporeal shock wave, hip arthroscopy, core decompression, stem cell transplantation, non-vascularized free bone grafting, vascularized free bone grafting, porous tantalum rod implantation, intertrochanteric osteotomy, medication”. A total of 197 articles were retrieved, and the full text was consulted. According to the inclusion criteria, 59 articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Drug therapy should be used cautiously because of its potential side effects and insufficient research. (2) Physiotherapy is effective for early lesions, and it has the advantages of non-invasion and convenient operation. (3) At present, there are different types of hip preservation surgery. Core decompression is the basic therapy for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head, but it is seldom used alone. At present, it is often treated in combination with other hip preservation therapies. Osteotomy has higher requirements in the selection of patients’ indications and surgical skills, so it should be chosen carefully in clinic. There are some problems in porous tantalum rod implantation, such as long operation time, large blood loss and difficulty of hip replacement in the later stage. Stem cells and arthroscopic therapy show good results, and the research process should be accelerated. Vascularized bone grafting has a good effect on both middle-and late-stage patients.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Chushi Huqianwan Combined with Core Decompression on Ⅰ, Ⅱ Stage Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Due to Hot and Humid Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy of modified Chushi Huqianwan combined with core decompression on Ⅰ， Ⅱ stage osteonecrosis of femoral head due to hot and humid syndrome， and the effect on bone metabolism index ［osteocalcin （BGP）， bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2）， bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase （BALP）］， blood lipid ［apolipoprotein A （ApoA）， apolipoprotein B （ApoB）， apolipoprotein C3 （ApoC3）］， protein expression ［matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 （TIMP-2）］. Method:A total of 90 cases were divided into control group and observation group， with 45 cases in each group. The control group was given core decompression + Xianling Gubao， while the observation group was given core decompression + modified Chushi Huqianwan for 6 months. The hip harris score （HHS）， lateral head index （LHI） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome were observed between two groups. The serum bone metabolic indices （BGP， BMP-2， BALP）， blood lipid （ApoA， ApoB， ApoC3）， protein expressions （MMP-2， MMP-9， TIMP-2） were detected between two groups. The clinical efficacy， adverse reaction and recurrence in 36-month follow-up were compared between two groups. Result:The total effective rate was 97.73% （43/44） in observation group， which was higher than 80.95% （34/42） in control group （χ2=5.915， P<0.05）. The recurrence rate was 4.65% （2/43） in observation group， which was lower than 35.29% （12/34） in control group （χ2=5.317， P<0.05） during the 36-month follow-up. HHS and LHI in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group （P<0.05）， and TCM syndrome score was significantly lower than that in control group （P<0.05）. Compared with control group after treatment， BGP， BMP-2， BALP， MMP-2 and MMP-9 in observation group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， whereas ApoA， ApoB， ApoC3， TIMP-2 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious adverse reactions were observed during the treatment. Conclusion:Modified Chushi Huqianwan combined with core decompression can significantly improve clinical symptoms， bone metabolism indexes， blood lipid and protein expressions of patients with Ⅰ， Ⅱ stage osteonecrosis of femoral head due to hot and humid syndrome.

Three-dimensional printed navigation template assisted core decompression and bone grafting for treatment of ARCO stage II non-traumatic femoral head necrosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Core decompression and bone grafting is the main postoperative method in the treatment of ARCO stage II non-invasive necrosis of the femoral head, but there are risks of inaccurate location, incomplete or excessive removal of necrotic bone. OBJECTIVE: To observe the accuracy and safety of three-dimensional(3 D) printed navigation template assisted core decompression and bone grafting in the treatment of ARCO stage II non-traumatic femoral head necrosis. METHODS: Eighty patients(96 hips) of ARCO stage II non-traumatic femoral head necrosis were enrolled from January to November 2017 in Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the 3 D group, 40 cases(48 hips) received 3 D printed navigation template assisted core decompression and bone grafting. In the control group, 40 cases(48 hips) received core decompression and bone grafting(no navigation template). All patients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy, and intraoperative blood loss were recorded, and X-ray examination results at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after operation were observed. The femoral head survival rate, hip Harris score, and pain visual analogue scale score were evaluated. The efficacy was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group, the operation time was shortened from(132.57±14.86) minutes to(82.63±10.31) minutes; the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy was reduced from(16.80±2.15) times to(4.93±1.36) times; blood loss was reduced from(143.23±17.98) mL to(75.64± 16.23) mL in the 3 D group. Operation time, number of fluoroscopy, and blood loss were superior in the 3 D group than in the control group(P < 0.05).(2) The 24-month follow-up of imaging showed that only 2 cases of the femoral head collapsed in the 3 D group, but the hip joint function was acceptable. There was no artificial hip arthroplasty and the femoral head survival rate was 96%. In the control group, femoral head collapsed in 9 cases. Four of them had total hip arthroplasty due to limited hip joint activity, and the femoral head survival rate was 81%. The survival rate of the femoral head in the 3 D group was higher than that in the control group(P=0.024).(3) Compared with the control group, Harris score and visual analogue scale score were improved in the 3 D group(P < 0.05).(4) Applying 3 D printed navigation template to core decompression and bone grafting for ARCO stage II non-traumatic femoral head necrosis can reduce the operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy and blood loss, and improve the accuracy and safety of intraoperative positioning.

Application and prospect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of early femoral head necrosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Femoral head necrosis is a common progressive disabling disease in orthopedics, and it is difficult to reverse disease progression. Eventually, the loss of hip function seriously impact patient’s quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of femoral head necrosis. METHODS: The PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles with the keywords of “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, femoral head necrosis” in English and Chinese, respectively. The search time was from January 2001 to April 2019. Articles that were not related to the purpose of the research and repetitive articles were excluded, and 42 articles that met the criteria were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells potentially repair the femoral head,not only providing precursor cells, but also secreting cytokines and growth factors and initiating cell healing in thefemoral head. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have proved that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are available for the treatment of early femoral head necrosis.

Changes in serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head treated by enriched autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with core decompression / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is mainly caused by insufficient blood supply of the femoral head. Core decompression is a common clinical treatment, enriched autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation can improve hip function, and combined application can promote early recovery of patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of enriched autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with core decompression on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with early avascular necrosis of femoral head. METHODS: Sixty-two cases of early avascular necrosis of femoral head treated from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected, and were divided into study group (n=31) and control group (n=31) according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with fine-needle porous-channel core pulp decompression, while the study group was treated with enriched autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation on the basis of the control group. Harris score, Visual Analogue Scale score, serum fibroblast growth factor-2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and adverse reactions were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Harris scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment in the two groups were higher than those before treatment (P 0.05). (5) These results suggest that enriched autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with core decompression in the treatment of early avascular necrosis of femoral head can effectively improve hip joint function, promote the repair of femoral head necrosis area, alleviate pain, increase the level of fibroblast growth factor-2, and reduce the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor.

What is the role of core decompression in the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head? Evaluation of the surgical result by functional score and radiological follow-up / Qual o papel da descompressão simples em estágios precoces na osteonecrose da cabeça femoral? Avaliação do resultado cirúrgico por meio de escore funcional e acompanhamento radiológico

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating whether core decompression of the femoral head in the early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis improves patients' subjective perception of pain and avoids the progression of the disease to a femoral head collapse and a final indication of total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Eighteen patients (30 hips) in the early stages of the disease (Ficat and Arlet 1 and 2A) were evaluated through clinical, radiological, risk factor maintenance, and by the functional Merle D'Aubigné, and Postel score before and after core decompression of the femoral head. Results: There was an improvement of symptoms up to the sixth month in 83.3% of the hips evaluated through the Merle D'Aubigné and Postel score. However, 73.3% of the cases evolved with femoral head collapse, and in 50%, total hip arthroplasty was indicated regardless of whether or not the risk factors were maintained. Conclusions: Core decompression of the femoral head improves patients' pain early in the initial stages of the pathology. However, it does not alter the prognosis and the ultimate indication of total hip arthroplasty in the final stages of the disease.

RESUMO Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se a descompressão simples da cabeça femoral nos estágios iniciais da osteonecrose da cabeça femoral melhora a percepção subjetiva da dor dos pacientes e se evita a progressão da doença para o colapso da cabeça femoral e a indicação final de artroplastia total do quadril. Métodos: Foram avaliados 18 pacientes (30 quadris) em estágios iniciais da doença (Ficat e Arlet 1 e 2 A) por critérios clínicos, radiológicos, manutenção dos fatores de risco e pela escala funcional de Merle D'Aubigné e Postel antes e após a descompressão simples da cabeça femoral. Resultados: Houve melhoria dos sintomas precocemente (até o sexto mês) em 83,3% dos quadris avaliados pela escala de Merle D'Aubigné e Postel. No entanto, 73,3% dos casos evoluíram com colapso da cabeça femoral e em 50% deles foi indicada artroplastia total do quadril, independentemente da manutenção ou não dos fatores de risco. Conclusões: A descompressão simples da cabeça femoral melhora a dor dos pacientes precocemente nos estágios iniciais da patologia. Entretanto, não altera o prognóstico da doença e a indicação final de artroplastia total do quadril nos estágios finais da doença.

Effect of robot navigation assisted core decompression combined with bone graft treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of orthopedic robot navigation system used in core decompression combined with bone graft surgery for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 9 patients (16 hips) underwent core decompression surgery combined with bone graft treatment for early ONFH in ARCO Ⅱat Department of Osteoarthropathy, Yantaishan Hospital from June 2016 to February 2018.There were 7 males and 2 females, aged 44.6 years (range: 28-60 years). All surgery procedures were completed by the same doctor under the navigation of orthopedic surgery robot using the specific designed tools. The preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Score and visual analogue score were compared and the time of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy was recorded.@*Results@#The mean follow-up period was (12.7±3.5)months (range: 6-18 months). Four cases of treatment failure were observed in 16 hips at the last follow-up and the hip survival rate was 12/16.In stage ARCO Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅱc, the survival rate was 1/1, 2/2, and 9/13.The Harris Hip Score (88.3±1.9 vs.70.0±3.8, t=16.81, P=0.000) and visual analogue score (3.7±0.7 vs. 0.9±0.6, t=13.49, P=0.000) were improved significantly at the last follow-up compared with preoperative value. The total times of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy were 15.9±2.5, including 5.8±1.2 before the insertion of the guiding wire and 10.1±1.7 after the insertion of the guiding wire.@*Conclusions@#The domestic orthopedic surgery robot can be applied successfully in the core decompression combined with bone graft surgery for ONFH . It is less invasive with less fluoroscopy time and better bone graft effects.

Effect of platelet rich plasma combined with core decompression on the repair of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head and the MMP/TIMP in rabbits / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of platelet rich plasma(PRP)combined with core decompression on the steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)and on MMP/TIM in rabbits.Methods A total of 42 New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study,and were randomly divided into 3 groups(decompression,combination and control groups,each n=14). The rabbit model of SANFH was established by i.m. injecting prednisolone acetate in the decompression group and combination group. The improved Landesberg method was used to make the platelet rich plasma. The decompression group received core decompression treatment while the combination group received PRP combined with core decompression for bone repair. X-ray photography of the hip joint of the two groups were taken at 2,6 and 10 weeks after the surgery,and the Lane-Sandhu X-ray scores and new bone area ratio were compared. Venous blood samples of the 3 groups were collected and the bilateral femoral heads were taken for further examination. The left femoral heads were used for histopathological observation and the right ones were used to determine the expression of the mRNA of MMP-2,MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Results The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the decompression group were higher than that in the combination group and control group after surgery. The levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the decompression group were significantly lower than the combination group and control group(P < 0.05). The IL-6 level and the rate of empty bone lacunae in the decompression group were significantly higher than the combination group and control group(P < 0.05), and that of the combination group was higher than the control group(P < 0.05). The combination group had a better joint imaging and histopathological evaluation than the decompression group after surgery. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PRP combined with core decompression can exert a positive effect on the MMP/TIMP and bone tissue repair in the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.

Autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression in the treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To observe the curative effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression in the treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON).Methods From April,2010 to March,2012,in Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,a total of 79 adult patients with 108 hips suffered from the early stage FHON were treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression through the core of the femoral canal,male of 65 cases,female of 14 cases,the mean age was 29.5 (20-50) years old.According to the etiology classification:the alcohol-induced FHON was in 54 patients with 66 hips,steroid-induced FHON in 14 patients with 20 hips,steroid and alcohol-induced ONFH was in 11patients with 22 hips.According to association research circulation osseous (ARCO)classifying,Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-A,Ⅱ-B phases were 6,16,8,and 78 hips,respectively.There were 43 hips in left side and 65 hips in the right side.Results All patients were followed up from 4 to 6 (4.8 ± 0.6) years.Compared with before operation,the scores of all patients were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).All patients with hip pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared.The healing tine of the patients in all age groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and with the increase of age,the healing time was prolonged.The excellent and good rates of Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-Aand Ⅱ-B were 100％ (6 / 6),100％ (16/16),100％ (8/8),and 98.7％ (77/78).The X-ray showed that coarse channel osteogenic phenomenon is obvious,there is 1 case collapse of femoral head of stage Ⅱ-B,the rest were not collapse.Conclusion The treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompressionis definitely effective,especially in patients with ARCO:Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B and Ⅱ-A phase,and the effect of ARCO:Ⅰ-A and Ⅱ-A is the best.

Core decompression combined with autologous concentrated bone marrow cell transplantation for treatment of early osteonecrosis of femoral head / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of core decompression combined with autologous concentrated bone mar‐row cell transplantation for treatment of early osteonecrosis of femoral head .Methods Forty six patients (82 hips) included in this retrospective analysis were divided into observation group (30 cases ,44 hips) and the control group (26 cases ,38 hips) .The obser‐vation group were treated by autologous BMMSCs transplantation joint core decompression treatment while control group treated only with core decompression .The therapeutic effect of 2 methods of treatment were summarized by comparing the 2 groups after 3 ,6 ,18 months postoperative with Harris hip score and the imaging changes and necrosis area percentage change degree at 18 months postoperatively .Results The Harris scores of the observation group after operation increased significantly [(88 .24 ± 5 .53) score] ,the excellent and good rate was 84 .09% ;the Harris scores of the control group after operation increased significantly [(75 .48 ± 4 .20)% ] ,the excellent and good rate was 71 .05% ;MRI necrosis area of the observation group after operation reduced gradually[(13 .86 ± 4 .27)% ] and the MRI necrosis area of the control group after operation reduced gradually [(19 .53 ± 5 .29)% ] .There was significant difference between them (P<0 .05) .Harris scores and the imaging changes and necrosis area per‐centage change degree of both group had been improved after the operation (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The core decompression com‐bined with autologous concentrated bone marrow cell transplantation for treatment of early osteonecrosis clinical efficacy might be better than core decompression .

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.@*METHOD@#Bilateral femoral head necrosis models of rabbit were established by steroid injection. A total of 48 rabbits (96 femoral head necrosis) were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A, control group with12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group B, treated with rhBMP-2/PLGA implantation after core depression, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group C, treated with rhBMP-2 implantation after core depression, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group D treated with core depression group without implantation, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis. All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The ability of repairing bone defect was evaluated by X-ray radiograph. Bone mineral density analysis of the defect regions were used to evaluate the level of ossification. The morphologic change and bone formation was assessed by HE staining. The angiogenesis was evaluated by VEGF immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The osteogenetic ability and quality of femoral head necrosis in group B were better than those of other groups after 12 weeks by X-ray radiograph and morphologic investigation. And the angiogenesis in group B was better than other groups. Group C had similar osteogenetic quality of femoral head necrosis and angiogenesis with group D.@*CONCLUSION@#The treatment of rhBMP-2/PLGA implantation after core depression can promote the repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis. It is a promising and efficient synthetic bone material to treat the femoral head necrosis.

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis

Objective: To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis. Method: Bilateral femoral head necrosis models of rabbit were established by steroid injection. A total of 48 rabbits (96 femoral head necrosis) were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A, control group with12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group B, treated with rhBMP-2/PLGA implantation after core depression, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group C, treated with rhBMP-2 implantation after core depression, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis; Group D treated with core depression group without implantation, with 12 rabbits, 24 femoral head necrosis. All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The ability of repairing bone defect was evaluated by X-ray radiograph. Bone mineral density analysis of the defect regions were used to evaluate the level of ossification. The morphologic change and bone formation was assessed by HE staining. The angiogenesis was evaluated by VEGF immunohistochemistry. Results: The osteogenetic ability and quality of femoral head necrosis in group B were better than those of other groups after 12 weeks by X-ray radiograph and morphologic investigation. And the angiogenesis in group B was better than other groups. Group C had similar osteogenetic quality of femoral head necrosis and angiogenesis with group D. Conclusion: The treatment of rhBMP-2/PLGA implantation after core depression can promote the repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis. It is a promising and efficient synthetic bone material to treat the femoral head necrosis.

Stem cell implantation for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

What is the most effective treatment for the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head? We assessed multiple drilling and stem cell implantation to treat the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We report the clinical and radiological results of stem cell implantation and core decompression. In total, 128 patients (190 hips) who had undergone surgery were divided into two groups based on which treatment they had received: (1) multiple drilling and stem cell implantation or (2) core decompression, curettage and a bone graft. The clinical and radiographic results of the two groups were compared. At 5-year follow-up, in the stem cell implantation group, 64.3% (27/42) of the patients with Stage IIa disease, 56.7% (21/37) of the patients with Stage IIb disease and 42.9% (21/49) of the patients with Stage III disease had undergone no additional surgery. In the conventional core decompression group, 64.3% (9/14) of the patients with Stage IIa disease, 55.6% (5/9) of the patients with Stage IIb disease and 37.5% (3/8) of the patients with Stage III disease had undergone no additional surgery. Success rates were higher in patients with Ficat Stage I or II lesions than in those with Stage III lesions. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of success rate or in the clinical and radiographic results of the two methods. Essentially the same results were found with stem cell implantation as with the conventional method of core decompression.

Clinical Results of Auto-Iliac Cancellous Bone Grafts Combined with Implantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Cells for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

PURPOSE: There are no reports about bone graft and cell therapy for the osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). We prospectively evaluated the clinical results of auto-iliac cancellous bone grafts combined with implantation of autologous bone marrow cells for ONFH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one hips in 52 patients with ONFH treated with bone graft and cell therapy were enrolled, and the average follow-up of the patients was 68 (60-88) months. Necrotic lesions were classified according to their size by the Steinberg method and location of necrosis. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the percentage of excellent or good results was 80% (12/15 hips) in the small lesion group, 65% (17/26 hips) in the medium size group, and 28% (6/20 hips) in the large size group. The procedures were a clinical success in 4 of 5 hips (80%) of stage I, 23 of 35 hips (65.7%) of stage II, 7 of 18 hips (38.9%) of stage III, and 1 of 3 hips (33.3%) of stage IV grade, according to the Association Research Circulation Osseous grading system. Among the 20 cases with large sized necrotic lesions, 17 cases were laterally located and this group showed the worst outcomes, with 13 hips (76.5%) having bad or failed clinical results. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggested that patients who have a large sized lesion or medium sized laterally located lesion would not be good candidates for the head preserving procedure. However, for medium sized lesions, this procedure generated clinical results comparable to those of other head preserving procedures.

The Efficacy of Core Decompression for Treating Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of core decompression (CD) for treating early avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH), as well as the effect of an autogeneous bone graft and an DBM graft on the results of CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 37 patients (40 cases) who were initially diagnosed as suffering with early ANFH, and they were treated with CD and followed up for a minimum of two years. The average patient age was 47.8 years and the average follow up period was 62.4 months., The Ficat & Arlet (F&A) stage and the ARCO stage were used for the radiological staging. RESULTS: The failure rate was 65% (26 case), and 32.5% (13 cases) underwent THA due to clinical and radiological failure. According to the F&A stage, there were 10 stage I hips, 22 stage IIA hips and 8 stage IIB hips, and the success rate (SR) of core decompression was 60%, 36.4% and 0%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. The cases of ARCO stage II were divided into subgroups: A 2 hips, B 13 hips and C 12 hips and the SR of each were 50%, 46%, and 33.3%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: CD should be carefully considered for treating the advanced stages above F&A stage IIA and ARCO stage IIB.