Factores de riesgo coronarios asociados al infarto agudo del miocardio en el adulto mayor / Coronary risk factors associated with the acute myocardial infarction in the elderly

Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, de tipo caso-control, de los adultos mayores con infarto agudo del miocardio, pertenecientes al área de salud Municipal de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2011, a fin de identificar los factores de riesgo coronarios asociados al mismo. Se seleccionaron 33 casos y 2 controles por cada uno de ellos. Se calcularon el riesgo relativo a través de la razón de productos cruzados y el riesgo atribuible en expuestos porcentual como medida de impacto. El sedentarismo y la hipertensión arterial tuvieron una acentuada relación significativa de causalidad con el infarto agudo del miocardio y de forma moderada con el tabaquismo, no así los antecedentes familiares ni personales de cardiopatía isquémica, sexo, obesidad y diabetes mellitus

An observational, analytic and retrospective study of case-control type, of aged patients with acute myocardial infarction, belonging to the health Municipal area of Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2006 to December, 2011, in order to identify the coronary risk factors associated with it. Thirty three cases and two controls for each were selected. The relative risk through the odds ratio and the attributable risk in percentage exposed as impact measure were calculated. Sedentarism and hypertension had a considerable significant causative relationship with acute myocardial infarction and in a moderate way with smoking habit. Family or personal history of ischemic cardiopathy, sex, obesity or diabetes mellitus had no relation with it

Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pitavastatin in Patients with Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease(PEACE Study)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pitavastatin, a recently approved synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, is known to effectively treat hypercholesterolemia. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in hyperlipidemic Korean patients with coronary risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was an 8-week, prospective, multicenter, open-label clinical trial. The study subjects were hyperlipidemic Korean patients (triglyceride 130 mg/dL, age; 45-75 years) with at least two coronary risk factors. After a 2-week wash out period, the eligible subjects were given 2 mg of pitavastatin once daily for 8 weeks. In the case of the patients with LDL-cholesterol > or = 100 mg/dL after the first 4 weeks of treatment, the dose of pitavastatin was increased to 4 mg per day for the remaining 4 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 131 patients initially enrolled, 105 completed the study. Among the lipid profiles, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a significant reduction with mean reduction rates of -30.66%, -23.92%, and -41.06%, respectively, after 8 weeks. Interestingly, the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in the subjects with a low HDL-cholesterol level (HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL) after 8 weeks of therapy (35.28+/-4.38 mg/dL to 40.39+/-6.45 mg/dL, 15.9%, p=0.001). The proportions of patients who achieved the LDL-cholesterol goal of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III were 72.5% (37/51), 93.6% (44/47), and 100.0% (7/7) for the patients with goals of 100 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 160 mg/dL, respectively. Five patients had mild adverse drug events, such as fatigue, itching, myalgia, and anorexia. No significant abnormalities were detected in the laboratory tests, including the liver function test and creatinine kinase level. CONCLUSION: The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pitavastatin, was highly effective and generally well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile in hyperlipidemic Korean patients with coronary risk factors.

Incidência de dislipidemia e sua relaçäo com doença arterial coronária em populaçöes brasileiras / Incidence of dyslipidemia and its relation with coronary artery disease in Brazilian populations

Objetivo - Descrever a incidência de dislipidemia e sua relação com doença arterial coronária (DAC) em duas populações brasileiras. Casuística e Métodos - 1.261 indivíduos, sendo 674 pacientes de consultório de cardiologia com média etária de 53 anos (populaçao A) e 587 empregados em uma firma de engenharia, com média de idade de 37 anos (população B). O nível de colesterol foi determinado pelo método enzimático Chod-pap e LDL calculado pela fórmula de Friedwald. Resultados - DAC ocorreu em 35,1% da população A e 1,4% da B. Na A, colesterol total e LDL estavam acima do normal esperado, em todas as faixas etárias. Aproximadamente 70% dos pacientes tinham colesterol > 200 mg % e LDL > 130 mg %, que são considerados limites desejáveis; 28% das mulheres e 44C% o dos homens apresentavam HDL < 35 mg %. Em contraposição, na B, colesterol total e LDL excederam discretamente os limites normais somente em indivíduos acima de 45 anos. Além disso, aproximadamente 65% da populaçao B tinha colesterol > 200 mg % e LDL < 130 mg %; no entanto, 28% de mulheres e 48% dos homens tinham HDL < 35 mg %...

Purpose - To describe the incidence of dyslipidemia and its relation to coronary artery disease (CAD) in two brazilian populations. Patients and methods - 1.261 subjects were analyzed; 674, whose mean age was 53 years, came from a cardiology private office (population A) and 587, whose mean age was 37 years, were employees of an engineering company (population B). Cholesterol was determined by the enzymatic method Chod-pap and LDL calculated by the Friedwald’s formula. Results - CAD was present in 35.1% of population A and in 1.4% of population B. In population A total cholesterol and LDL were above the expected, in all age groups. About 70% of theses patients had cholesterol > 200 mg % and LDL > 130 mg %, which are considered desirable levels; 28% of women and 44% o men had HDL < 35 mg %. Converselly, in population B total cholesterol and LDL were slightly above normal only in patients > 45 years old. Inaddition, about 65% of population had cholesterol < 200 mg % and LDL < 130 mg%; even so, 28% of women and 48C% of men had HDL < 35 mg %...