Summary of best evidence for bedside ultrasound assessment of muscle mass in critically ill adults / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:The evidence on the use of bedside ultrasound to assess muscle mass in critically ill adults was retrieved and screened, and the best evidence was summarized.Methods:A computer search was conducted for relevant literature on ultrasound measurement of muscle mass in critically ill adults in domestic and foreign databases such as BMJ Best Clinical Practice, UpToDate, PubMed, CNKI, and guide website and professional association website. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 30, 2023. Literature quality was evaluated by four researchers trained in systematic evidence-based courses according to literature type.Results:A total of 15 literatures were included, including 2 guideline, 4 expert consensus, 5 systematic reviews and 4 randomized controlled studies. A total of 22 pieces of evidence were summarized, including 6 aspects: position and patient preparation, feasibility of implementation by nursing staff, selection of probe and matters needing attention, muscle positioning, evaluation of muscle structure by ultrasound and the guiding significance of ultrasound evaluation of muscle mass.Conclusions:The best evidence summary of bedside ultrasound assessment of muscle mass in critically ill adults summarized in this study is scientific and systematic, and provides evidence-based basis for establishing standardized ultrasound assessment procedures in clinic.

Risk prediction models of refeeding syndrome in ICU patients:a review of literature / 现代医院

Refeeding syndrome(RFS)has a high incidence among critically ill patients and significantly impacts the re-covery and prognosis of the patients.In this paper,we reviewed the literature on the risk factors and risk prediction models for RFS,finding the risk factors of RFS included patient-related,treatment-related factors and disease-related factors and the risk prediction models encompassed risk stratification model,risk score models and the Logistic regression models.It was concluded from the review that early assessment was crucial to preventing the occurrence of RFS.However,there was still a lack of reliable RFS risk prediction models with good predictive performance.It was found as well that it was crucial for the prevention of RFS to attach importance to nutritional and serological indicators and other factors.It was expected to be a necessity to conduct prospec-tive and multicenter studies to develop a risk prediction model for predicting RFS for ICU patients.Our review provides a refer-ence for early assessment and intervention for critically ill patients with RFS.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sedative therapy with midazolam and dexmedetomidine/propofol in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Clinical trials. gov， China Journal Full Text Database， Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database， Wanfang database and China Biomedical Literature Database， the data on the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were collected from the establishment of the database to March 31， 2023. After extracting data from clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria， the meta-analysis was conducted by using the RevMan 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 31 literature were included， with a total of 2 765 patients. Results of meta-analysis showed that the mechanical ventilation time [MD＝14.13， 95%CI （13.75， 14.52）， P＜0.000 01] and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit [MD＝0.92， 95%CI （0.54， 1.30）， P＜0.000 01] of patients in the midazolam group was longer than dexmedetomidine/ propofol group. The incidence of bradycardia in midazolam group was lower dexmedetomidine/propofol group [OR＝0.60， 95%CI （0.41， 0.90）， P＝0.01]， but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypotension between the two groups [OR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.47， 1.01）， P＝0.06]. The incidence of delirium [OR＝3.88， 95%CI （2.74， 5.49）， P＜0.000 01]， ventilator- associated pneumonia [OR＝2.32， 95%CI （1.19， 4.51）， P＝0.01]， and respiratory depression [OR＝5.70， 95%CI （3.09， 10.52）， P＜0.000 01] in midazolam group were higher than dexmedetomidine/propofol group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with dexmedetomidine/propofol， midazolam increases patients’ mechanical ventilation time and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit in terms of efficacy， and increases the risk of delirium and pulmonary complications in terms of safety， but has a smaller cardiovascular impact.

Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury

ABSTRACT In the 1970s, acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) was widely accepted for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI), but this practice has declined in favor of extracorporeal therapies, mainly in developed world. The lack of familiarity with the use of PD in critically ill patients has also led to a lack of use even among those receiving maintenance PD. Renewed interest in the use of PD for AKI therapy has emerged due to its increasing use in low- and middle-income countries due to its lower cost and minimal infrastructural requirements. In high-income countries, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic saw PD for AKI used early on, where many critical care units were in crisis and relied on PD use when resources for other AKI therapy modalities were limited. In this review, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of PD in AKI patients and indications and contraindications for its use. We also provide an overview of advances to support PD treatment during AKI, discussing PD access, PD prescription, complications related to PD, and its use in particular clinical conditions.

Terapia medico nutricional en pacientes que reciben terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea: conocimiento en progreso / Medical nutrition therapy in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: knowledge in progress

Resumen El soporte nutricional (SN) en pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) es controvertido. Si bien existen guías para el SN en pacientes pediátricos con ECMO, en adultos no se cuenta con estos lineamientos para el uso, tipo, ruta y momento de la terapia nutricional. En pacientes críticamente enfermos es bien sabido que la nutrición enteral (NE) temprana es beneficiosa, no obstante existe la posibilidad de que en pacientes con ECMO la NE temprana condicione complicaciones gastrointestinales. Asimismo, no se han establecido metas calóricas, proteicas y dosis o tipos de micronutrimentos que usar para esta población en específico, siendo un reto para el clínico encargado de brindar el SN. Aunado a esto los pacientes con ECMO son algunos de los más gravemente enfermos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, donde la desnutrición se asocia con una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. En cuanto al uso de nutrición parenteral (NP), no se tiene descrito si implica riesgo de falla en el circuito al momento de introducir lípidos al oxigenador. Por lo anterior es imperativa una correcta evaluación e intervención nutricional específica, realizada por expertos en el tema para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida en esta población, siendo un objetivo primordial en los cuidados de los pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de ECMO.

Abstract Nutritional support in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is controversial. Although there are guidelines for the NS (Nutritional support) in pediatric patients with ECMO, in adults these guidelines are not available for the use, type, route and timing of nutritional therapy. In critically ill patients it is well known that early enteral nutrition is beneficial, however there is the possibility that in patients with ECMO early enteral nutrition leads to gastrointestinal complications. Likewise, there have not been established caloric targets, proteins and doses or types of micronutrients to use for this specific population being a challenge for the clinician. In addition, patients with ECMO are some of the most seriously ill in intensive care units, where malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Regarding the use of parenteral nutrition (NP) it has not been described if it implies a risk of circuit failure at the time of introducing lipids to the oxygenator. Therefore, a correct evaluation and specific nutritional intervention by experts in the field is imperative to improve the prognosis and quality of life in this population, which is a primary goal in the care of adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygen.

Effects of individualized dosing regimen on blood trough concentration of vancomycin and renal function in critically ill patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of individualized dosing regimen on blood trough concentration of vancomycin and renal function in critically ill patients. METHODS According to relevant guidelines and the results of Vancomycin Calculator， clinical pharmacists formulated an individualized dosing regimen of vancomycin including loading dose and maintenance dose for critically ill patients based on the two independent variables of body weight and creatinine clearance rate. Using the method of retrospective study， patients who were admitted to the department of intensive care unit （ICU） of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and used the regimen from July 2018 to December 2021 were selected as the trial group， and patients who were treated with vancomycin and received blood drug concentration monitoring in ICU from January 2015 to June 2018 were recruited in the control group. The difference in trough concentration distribution and the incidence of acute kidney injury （AKI） after medication were compared between the two groups， the change of serum creatinine before and after medication in the trial group was analyzed. RESULTS Totally 197 patients were included in the trial group and 144 patients were in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical information （gender， age， body weight， acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score， the proportion of patients with renal insufficiency， etc.） （P＞0.05）. The proportions of major infection sites （including lung， urinary， abdominal， blood and central nervous system） and treatment type （target or empirical treatment） also had no significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the attainment rate of ideal trough concentration （15-20 μg/mL） and the proportion of patients with trough concentration　＞20 μg/mL between the two groups （P＞0.05）， while the attainment rate of target trough concentration （10-20 μg/mL） and the proportion of patients with trough concentration ＜10 μg/mL were significantly different between the two groups （P＜0.05）. The attainment rate of target trough concentration in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in trial group was significantly higher than that in control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AKI and vancomycin-associated AKI between the two groups （P＞0.05）. In the trial group with medication duration ≥7 days ， the level of serum creatinine on the 7th day of treatment was increased significantly， compared with that on the 3rd day of treatment （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS This individualized dosing regimen can improve the attainment rate of target trough concentration of vancomycin in critically ill patients， especially those with chronic renal insufficiency， during the first standardized monitoring， and not increase the risk of renal injury compared with previous empirical medication.

Development of a risk prediction score for acute kidney injury in critically-ill septic Filipino patients admitted in perpetual succour hospital

Introduction@#Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a lethal complication of critical illness characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function encountered in 50% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Its impact on the outcome of critically ill patients makes AKI a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.@*Objectives@#To develop and validate an acute kidney injury risk prediction score based on routinely available variables and common laboratories of admitted critically-ill septic Filipino patients.@*Methods@#This is a prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Cebu from February to September 2020. The data of 2545 patients were identified by chart review but only 607 patients with a quick Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment Score (qSOFA) score of >2 were included in the pre-screening. After stratified sampling, a total of 198 septic ICU patients were enrolled. Demographic profile, laboratory results and outcome data were collated. Variables were screened then stepwise forward elimination was done to identify the significant predictors. An AKI risk score model was developed with binomial regression analysis by identifying independent prognostic factors. The diagnostic ability of the model was determined by the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AuROC).@*Results@#AKI developed in 155 (78%) patients. The significant predictors for Acute Kidney Injury were age, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, weight, white blood count, creatinine, and BUN. An AKI prediction model with a cut off score of 161.9 was made with a fair diagnostic ability for predicting AKI at 0.79 based on AuROC.@*Conclusion@#The developed risk prediction tool using routinely available variables is found to be fairly accurate to predict the development of AKI among critically ill septic patients.

Analysis of risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients in a psychiatric hospital： a retrospective study / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe incidence of delirium in critically ill psychiatric patients is high， and there are many factors affecting delirium occurrence. At present， epidemiological studies on delirium among critically ill patients in psychiatric hospitals are limited. ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients in a psychiatric hospital， so as to guide the clinical management of delirium in psychiatric hospitals. MethodsThis retrospective study included 427 critically ill patients who were admitted to Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from January 1， 2019 to May 31， 2021. The delirium situation， gender， age， pre-admission course of illness （duration from the onset of acute mental state changes to in-patient registration at a psychiatric hospital）， history of mental illness， history of cognitive dysfunction， history of using psychoactive substances， history of using sedative and hypnotic drugs， number of combined chronic diseases， number of combined drugs and type of disease were examined as potential risk factors for delirium. Single Logistic regression was used to analyze the potential risk factors for delirium， and the potential risk factors were incorporated into the multi-factor Logistic regression analysis model so as to gradually screen out the risk factors for delirium in critically ill psychiatric patients. ResultsDelirium was present in 33.49% （143/427） of critically ill patients. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of delirium was associated with mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances （OR=8.949， P<0.01）， absent history of mental illness （OR=4.202， P<0.01）， number of combined chronic diseases （OR=1.249， P<0.01）， age （OR=1.031， P<0.01） and pre-admission course of illness （OR=0.942， P<0.01） . ConclusionDelirium was present in nearly 1/3 critically ill patients in the psychiatric hospital. The risk factors for delirium included short course of illness before admission， age， more combined chronic diseases， absent history of mental illness， mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances. ［Funded by Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties （number， SZGSP013）］

Research progress of treatment position in patients with severe craniocerebral injury / 中国实用护理杂志

The purpose of this study was to review the research status of teatment position in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. It was intended to introduce the relevant treatment position, the relationship between the position and intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and the application status of treatment position, it provided evidence for the rehabilitation and nursing of patients with severe craniocerebral injury.

Effect of case manager led multidisciplinary management on enteral nutrition for critically ill patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of a multidisciplinary management program led by case managers on the tolerance to enteral nutrition,and the indicators for nutrition and inflammation in critically ill patients.Methods Fifty-one critically ill patients hospitalised in our hospital between January and June 2021 were assigned to a control group and another fifty-one critically ill patients hospitalised in our hospital between July and December 2021 were assigned to an observation group.The patients in control group received conventional nutritional support,while those in the observation group received the enteral nutrition managed with the case manager led multidisciplinary management program for 7 days.The tolerance to enteral nutrition,nutrition index and infection index were compared.Results One patient in the control group was withdrawn due to worsen conditions and another in the observation group was withdrawn as well because of incomplete medical data.It was found that the observation group was significantly better than the control group in the tolerance to enteral nutrition as well as the serum albumin,haemoglobin,white blood cells and C-reactive protein(all P<0.05).Conclusion The case manager led multidisciplinary management program is effective in the enhancement of tolerance to enteral nutrition and in the improvement of nutritional and inflammatory indicators in the critically ill patients.

Summary of best evidence for the management of enteral nutrition with gastric retention in critically ill patients / 中华护理杂志

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the best evidence from home and abroad on the management of enteral nutrition complicating gastric retention in critically ill patients,and to provide a reference basis for clinical nursing staff to manage enteral nutrition complicating gastric retention in critically ill patients.Methods We searched websites and databases,including UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,Guidelines International Network,Registered Nurses Association of Ontario,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,JBI,World Health Organization,Yimaitong guide network,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Sinomed,CNKI,Nutrition Society website,CINAHL(EBSCO),Wanfang Database,and collected relevant clinical decisions,guidelines,evidence summaries,expert consensuses and systematic reviews.2 researchers independently assessed methodological quality of included papers and extracted data.Results A total of 18 publications were included,including 3 guidelines,4 expert consensuses,4 systematic reviews,5 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 best evidence summary.18 pieces of the best evidence were summarized in 5 areas,including identification of gastric retention,management of enteral nutrition,management of monitoring,management of threshold determination,and management of treatment.Conclusion This study provides evidence-based evidence for nursing staff to manage enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with concomitant gastric retention,which can help reduce the incidence of gastric retention in critically ill patients.

Patient care during interfacility transport:a narrative review of managing diverse disease states / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:When critically ill patients require specialized treatment that exceeds the capability of the index hospitals,patients are frequently transferred to a tertiary or quaternary hospital for a higher level of care.Therefore,appropriate and effi cient care for patients during the process of transport between two hospitals(interfacility transfer)is an essential part of patient care.While medical adverse events may occur during the interfacility transfer process,there have not been evidence-based guidelines regarding the equipment or the practice for patient care during transport.METHODS:We conducted searches from the PubMed,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health(CINAHL),and Scopus databases up to June 2022.Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility.Studies that were not in the English language and did not involve critically ill patients were excluded.RESULTS:The search identified 75 articles,and we included 48 studies for our narrative review.Most studies were observational studies.CONCLUSION:The review provided the current evidence-based management of diverse disease states during the interfacility transfer process,such as proning positioning for respiratory failure,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),obstetric emergencies,and hypertensive emergencies(aortic dissection and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage).

Comparing the Prognosticative Value of APACHE II and mSOFA Scores in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Study

Objective: Several predictive scoring systems measuring disease severity are used to predict outcomes, typically mortality, of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Two common validated predictive scoring systems include acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and modified sequential organ failure assessment score (mSOFA). To compare performance of APACHE II and mSOFA score in critically ill patients regarding the outcomes in the form of morbidity and mortality in ICU. Methods: This prospective observational clinical study was conducted on 100 patients over 6 months. For each patient, APACHE II score on day of admission and serial mSOFA scores on day 0, 3, 7 and 10 were calculated and compared. Results: The age of the non-survivors was significantly older than survivors was (57.1±11.76 and 54.28±15.16). [In our study we found that the mean length of ICU stay of non-survivors was (5.41±4.81) & survivors(8.63± 4.81) days.] In our study mortality rate was 40%.The APACHE II score with cut-off point of 23 demonstrated a sensitivity rate of 98.33% & specificity rate of 17.5%, accuracy of 66.00%. Serial mSOFA scores with cut-off of 11 on day0, day3, day7 better differentiated survivors from non-survivors with 98.3% sensitivity, 27.5% specificity and 70% accuracy. Conclusion: Both APACHE II and mSOFA scores can help ICU physicians as a significant predictive marker for mortality in critically ill patients. The serial measurement of mSOFA score in the first week is a better mortality predictor tool than APACHE II score in critically ill patients.

Risk factors for acute kidney injury after liver transplantation in intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication during the postoperative period following liver transplantation. Occurrence of AKI in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with increased mortality and higher costs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occurrences of moderate or severe AKI among patients admitted to the ICU after liver transplantation and investigate characteristics associated with this complication. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center retrospective cohort study in a public hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: Forty-nine patients admitted to the ICU between January 2015 and April 2017 were included. AKI was defined from a modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) score (i.e. based exclusively on serum creatinine levels). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (36.7%) developed AKI KDIGO 2 or 3; mostly KDIGO 3 (16 out of the 18 patients). Lactate level within the first six hours after ICU admission (odds ratio, OR: 1.3; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.021-1.717; P = 0.034) and blood transfusion requirement within the first week following transplantation (OR: 8.4; 95% CI: 1.687-41.824; P = 0.009) were independently associated with development of AKI. Patients with AKI KDIGO 2 or 3 underwent more renal replacement therapy (72.2% versus 3.2%; P < 0.01), had longer hospital stay (20 days versus 15 days; P = 0.001), higher in-hospital mortality (44.4% versus 6.5%; P < 0.01) and higher mortality rate after one year (44.4% versus 9.7%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Need for blood transfusion during ICU stay and hyperlactatemia within the first six postoperative hours after liver transplantation are independently associated with moderate or severe AKI. Developing AKI is apparently associated with poor outcomes.

Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis isolated from critically ill patients / Tuberculosis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: características clínicas y epidemiológicas

Human tuberculosis is still a major world health concern. In Uruguay, contrary to the world trend, an increase in cases has been observed since 2006. Although the incidence of MDR-resistant strains is low and no cases of XDR-TB were registered, an increase in the number of patients with severe tuberculosis requiring critical care admission was observed. As a first aim, we performed the analysis of the genetic structure of strains isolated from patients with severe tuberculosis admitted to an intensive care unit. We compared these results with those corresponding to the general population observing a statistically significant increase in the Haarlem genotypes among ICU patients (53.3% vs 34.7%; p;<;0.05). In addition, we investigated the association of clinical outcomes with the genotype observing a major incidence of hepatic dysfunctions among patients infected with the Haarlem strain (p;<;0.05). The cohort presented is one of the largest studied series of critically ill patients with tuberculosis.

La tuberculosis (TB) aún representa un problema mayor de salud pública. En Uruguay, contrariamente a la tendencia mundial, se ha observado un incremento en el número de casos desde 2006. Aunque la incidencia de casos de multidrogorresistencia (MDR) es baja y no se han reportados casos de resistencia a fármacos de primera y segunda línea de tratamiento (XDR), se ha observado un incremento en el número de casos con TB grave, que requieren internación en unidad de terapia intensiva (CTI). Como primer objetivo del presente trabajo, se analizó la estructura genética de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis aisladas de pacientes internados en CTI. Comparamos estos resultados con los obtenidos con cepas circulantes en la comunidad. Observamos un incremento estadísticamente significativo del genotipo Haarlem en los pacientes internados en CTI (53,3 vs. 34,7%; p;<;0,05). Además, investigamos la asociación del desenlace clínico con el genotipo, y encontramos una mayor incidencia de disfunción hepática en los pacientes infectados con la cepa Haarlem (p;<;0,05). La cohorte presentada en este trabajo corresponde a una de las series con mayor número de pacientes con tuberculosis que requirieron internación en CTI.

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome / 中华临床感染病杂志

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

The clinical study of thromboelas-tography combined with coagulation four items and platelet count to guide platelet transfusion in critically ill patients / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the clinical value of thromboelas-tography, coagulation four items and platelet count in guiding platelet transfusion in critically ill patients. 【Methods】 A total of 188 critically ill patients in Intensive Care Unit of our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as subjects, and were divided into study group(n=89) and the control(n=99) according to the presence of bleeding symptoms. T-test was used for comparative analysis between the two groups. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between TEG, coagulation four items and platelet count, and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the influential factors of bleeding in critically ill patients, ROC curve was used to analyze the guiding value of the above-mentioned indexes for platelet transfusion. 【Results】 1) K and PT values in the study group, above the normal range, were significantly higher than those in the control, while the Angle value, MA value, CI value, FIB value and platelet count were significantly lower than those of the control, among which MA value, CI value and platelet count were below the normal range. 2) TEG, coagulation four items and platelet count were correlated. MA and CI values were positively correlated with platelet count, instead, R and K values were negatively correlated. R value was positively correlated with PT and APTT, CI value, on the contrary, was negatively correlated, K value was positively correlated with PT, while Angle value and MA value were negatively correlated. 3) Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased MA value and decreased platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting bleeding in critically ill patients(P<0.05). 4) ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under ROC curve corresponding to Angle value, MA value, CI value, FIB value and platelet count were 0.866, 0.932, 0.9, 0.838 and 0.987(P<0.05). The sensitivity was highest in platelet count and lowest in FIB. The specificity was highest in MA and lowest in Angle. Compared with the single index, the area under the curve of the combined index(K value, MA value, CI value, PT value and platelet count) was 0.995(P<0.05), Yoden index 0.944, sensitivity 100%, specificity 93.3%, all higher than the individual index. 【Conclusion】 Thromboelas-tography combined with coagulation four items and platelet count can be used to accurately predict the critically ill patients with bleeding risk. To guide clinical platelets transfusion, the combined use of indexes, including K value, MA, CI value, PT and platelet count, is superior to separate use of them as the former showed better sensitivity and specificity, demonstrating a good clinical value.

Progress in individualized use of linezolid in adult critically ill patients / 中国药房

Linezolid is a n anti-infective drug commonly used in clinic. Considering the large difference of individual condition ， severe basic disease ，poor organ function and large variety and quantity of drugs ，standard dose of linezolid may not be suitable for all critically ill patients. This paper reviews the relevant researches on the application of linezolid in adult critically ill patients in recent years ，analyzes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of critically ill patients ，and summarizes the influence of common physiological and pathological changes in critically ill patients on drugs. When using linezolid ，the clinical comprehensive evaluation of this special group should be strengthened. In addition to appropriately reducing the drug dosage of patients with liver/ kidney function injury ，it is also necessary to consider appropriately increasing the drug dosage in other cases. After medication ，in order to avoid excessive or insufficient drug exposure ，clinical medication monitoring should be strengthened ，especially the important mean as therapeutic drug monitoring should be used well.

Analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition interruption in critically ill patients in general surgery department and its impact on prognosis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition interruption in critically ill patients in general surgery department and its impact on prognosis.Methods:A total of 91 cases of critically ill patients in general surgery department were selected who were admitted to the general surgery of General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army in Nanjing from June 2021 to March 2022 by convenient sampling method, demographic and enteral nutrition interruption data were collected,and patients were divided into enteral nutrition interruption group and enteral nutrition uninterrupted group to investigate the analysis of the factors of affecting enteral nutrition interruption and its impact on prognosis by Logistic regression analysis.Results:There were 59 cases in the enteral nutrition interruption group and 32 cases in the enteral nutrition uninterrupted group. There were statistically significant differences in gender, analgesic and sedatives, Gastro-kinetic agent and feeding intolerance between both groups ( χ2 values were 4.51-9.97, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that gender ( OR=4.566, 95%CI 1.332-15.657, P<0.05), analgesic and sedatives ( OR=3.437, 95%CI 1.112-10.621, P<0.05), and feeding intolerance ( OR=4.116, 95%CI 1.257-13.479, P<0.05) were the factors of enteral nutrition interruption. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the number of days of enteral nutrition up to goal in 3 days, 3-7 days and 7 days, albumin,length of stay in intensive care unit, total length of stay and hospitalization expenses between both groups ( Z values were -2.80 - -0.73, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Female, analgesic and sedatives and feeding intolerance are the risk factors of enteral nutrition interruption in critically ill patients in general surgery department, and enteral nutrition interruption has an adverse impact on the prognosis.Medical staff should avoid excessive use of analgesic and sedatives, and do well in feeding tolerance management to reduce the occurrence of enteral nutrition interruption.

Supervivencia a mediano plazo de pacientes críticamente enfermos con función renal normal, lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica / Medium-term survival of critically ill patients with normal renal function, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease / Sobrevivência a médio prazo de pacientes criticamente doentes com função renal normal, lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica

Resumen: Introducción: La falla renal es la tercera disfunción orgánica más frecuente en pacientes ingresados al hospital y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; la supervivencia de pacientes críticamente enfermos con lesión renal aguda es aproximadamente 70%, pero los datos en pacientes críticamente enfermos con enfermedad renal crónica son escasos. Objetivo: Contrastar la supervivencia a mediano plazo de pacientes críticamente enfermos con función renal normal, lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica. Material y métodos: Se eligieron todos los pacientes ingresados de forma consecutiva a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de enero 01 a diciembre 31 de 2018, se diagnosticó la función renal al ingreso, fueron seguidos a 90 días y se contrastó la supervivencia entre los tres grupos. Resultados: De los 355 pacientes para el análisis final, a 184 (51.8%) se les diagnosticó función renal normal, 96 (27.1%) lesión renal aguda y 75 (21.1%) enfermedad renal crónica al ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La edad fue mayor en los grupos de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica que en el grupo de función renal normal (64.0 ± 17.6 y 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 años, p = 0.000), el porcentaje de mujeres fue menor en el grupo de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica que en el grupo de función renal normal (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). La supervivencia fue menor en los grupos de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica contrastada con el grupo de función renal normal (66/96 [68.75%] y 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], Logrank test = 0.007). Conclusiones: La supervivencia a mediano plazo de pacientes críticamente enfermos con lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica al ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es baja contrastada con el grupo de función renal normal.

Abstract: Introduction: Renal failure is the third most frequent organ dysfunction in patients admitted to the hospital and Intensive Care Unit; survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury is approximately 70%, but data in critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease are scarce. Objective: To contrast the medium-term survival of critically ill patients with normal renal function, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: All patients consecutively admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from January 01 to December 31, 2018, were chosen, renal function was diagnosed on admission, they were followed up for 90 days and survival between the three groups was contrasted. Results: Of the 355 patients for the final analysis, 184 (51.8%) were diagnosed with normal renal function, 96 (27.1%) acute kidney injury, and 75 (21.1%) chronic kidney disease on admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Age was higher in the acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease groups than in the normal renal function group (64.0 ± 17.6 and 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 years, p = 0.000), the percentage of women was lower in the group acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease than in the normal renal function group (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). Survival was lower in the acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease groups compared to the normal kidney function group (66/96 [68.75%] and 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], Logrank test = 0.007). Conclusions: The medium-term survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease on admission to the intensive care unit is low compared to the group with normal kidney function.

Resumo: Introdução: A insuficiência renal é a terceira disfunção orgânica mais frequente em pacientes internados no hospital e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos com lesão renal aguda é de aproximadamente 70%, mas os dados em pacientes críticos com doença renal crônica são escassos. Objetivo: Compare a sobrevivência a médio prazo de pacientes críticos com função renal normal, lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica. Material e métodos: Todos os pacientes admitidos consecutivamente na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos de 1º de Janeiro a 31 de Dezembro de 2018 foram escolhidos, a função renal foi diagnosticada na admissão, foram acompanhados por 90 dias e a sobrevivência entre os 3 grupos foi contrastada. Resultados: Dos 355 pacientes para a análise final, 184 (51.8%) foram diagnosticados com função renal normal, 96 (27.1%) lesão renal aguda e 75 (21.1%) doença renal crônica na admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva. A idade foi maior nos grupos lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica do que no grupo função renal normal (64.0 ± 17.6 e 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 anos, p = 0.000), o percentual de mulheres foi menor no grupo agudo lesão renal e doença renal crônica do que no grupo com função renal normal (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). A sobrevivência foi menor nos grupos de lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica em comparação com o grupo de função renal normal (66/96 [68.75%] e 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], teste Logrank = 0.007). Conclusões: A sobrevivência em médio prazo de pacientes críticos com lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica na admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva é baixa em comparação com o grupo com função renal normal.