Adolescencia y bienestar digital: herramientas para los profesionales de la salud / Adolescence and Digital Well-being: Tools for Healthcare Professionals

La adolescencia constituye una etapa atravesada por cambios físicos, emocionales y sociales significativos, que incluyen la adquisición de múltiples habilidades. Aumentan los riesgos de sufrir alteraciones mentales, consumo de sustancias, embarazo no deseado, trastornos alimentarios, y se evidencian los efectos negativos del uso inapropiado de las redes sociales. El bienestar digital implica el uso saludable de la tecnología, la protección de la privacidad y la seguridad en línea. Los adolescentes utilizan las redes con la finalidad de identificarse, relacionarse, entretenerse y buscar información. La exposición no regulada conlleva riesgos: acceso a contenido inapropiado, ciberacoso, consumo problemático y fraudes. Desde el ámbito pediátrico, se debe acompañar a los adolescentes para que optimicen el uso de la tecnología y, para ello, es fundamental implementar estrategias multisectoriales para minimizar los riesgos y promover el bienestar de los adolescentes en línea, así como garantizar la alfabetización digital y el acceso equitativo a recursos tecnológicos de calidad y telesalud.

Adolescence is a period characterized by significant physical, emotional, and social changes, including the acquisition of multiple skills. It is also a time when the risks of mental disorders, substance use, unwanted pregnancy, eating disorders, and negative effects of inappropriate social media use manifest greatly. Digital well-being implies the healthy use of technology, the protection of privacy and security online. Adolescents use social media to identify themselves, interact with others, entertain themselves, and seek information. However, risks are present, including access to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, problematic consumption, and fraud. The pediatric field must support adolescents in optimizing their online use. Implementing multisectoral strategies can minimize risks, promote digital literacy, and ensure equitable access to quality technological resources and telehealth, thereby promoting adolescent online well-being.

Brecha digital en cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos de 0 a 12 años. Diseño y validación de un cuestionario / The digital divide among caregivers of pediatric patients aged 0 to 12 years. Design and validation of a questionnaire

Introducción. Las estrategias sanitarias basadas en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) podrían perpetuar la inequidad en salud, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables. Existen escasas herramientas validadas para evaluar el acceso a las TIC en pediatría en nuestro medio. Objetivos. Construir y validar un cuestionario para evaluar el acceso a las TIC para cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos. Describir las características de acceso a las TIC y evaluar si existe correlación entre los tres niveles de la brecha digital. Población y métodos. Construimos y validamos un cuestionario que luego administramos a cuidadores de niños entre 0 y 12 años. Las variables de resultado fueron las preguntas del cuestionario para los tres niveles de brecha digital. Además, evaluamos variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. Administramos el cuestionario a 344 cuidadores. El 93 % poseía celular propio y el 98,3 % utilizaba internet por red de datos. El 99,1 % se comunicaba a través de mensajes de WhatsApp. El 28 % había realizado una teleconsulta. La correlación entre las preguntas fue nula o baja. Conclusión. Por medio del cuestionario validado, evaluamos que los cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos de 0 a 12 años poseen en su mayoría celular, se conectan por red de datos, se comunican principalmente a través de WhatsApp y obtienen pocos beneficios a través de TIC. La correlación entre los diferentes componentes del acceso a las TIC fue baja.

Introduction. Health care strategies based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) may perpetuate health inequity, especially among vulnerable populations. In our setting, there are few validated tools to assess access to ICTs in pediatrics. Objectives. To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess ICT access among caregivers of pediatric patients. To describe the characteristics of ICT access and assess whether there is a correlation among the three levels of the digital divide. Population and methods. We developed and validated a questionnaire and then administered it to the caregivers of children aged 0­12 years. The outcome variables were the questions in the three levels of the digital divide. We also assessed sociodemographic variables. Results. We administered the questionnaire to 344 caregivers. Among them, 93% had their own cell phone and 98.3% had Internet access via a data network; 99.1% communicated via WhatsApp messages; 28% had had a teleconsultation. The correlation among the questions was null or low. Conclusion. The validated questionnaire allowed us to establish that the caregivers of pediatric patients aged 0­12 years mostly own a mobile phone, access the Internet via a data network, communicate mainly through WhatsApp, and obtain few benefits through ICTs. The correlation among the different components of ICT access was low.

Comunicação e saúde: reflexões sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde em Palmas ­ TO e a saúde digital durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Communication and health: reflections on the Unified Health System in Palmas ­ TO and digital health during the covid-19 pandemic / Comunicación y salud: reflexiones sobre el Sistema Único de Salud en Palmas ­ TO y la salud digital durante la pandemia de covid-19

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel da saúde digital no acesso à saúde pública no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Palmas ­ TO. Para tanto, adotou-se como referencial teórico os pressupostos do campo Comunicação & Saúde e, como forma de análise, o método denominado Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, que busca compreender os modos de pensar de um grupo social sobre dado tema. Neste caso, trata-se de moradores do condomínio Residencial Parque da Praia, situado em Palmas. Também se procurou entender em que medida essas pessoas estão inseridas no mundo tecnológico ou são excluídas dele, e qual a percepção delas sobre saúde digital, Sistema Único de Saúde, direito à saúde e à comunicação. O grupo se considera relativamente informado sobre esses temas e a maioria faz uso, no cotidiano, das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e da internet. Entretanto, observou-se que a saúde digital é uma realidade ainda distante para essa comunidade

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the role of digital health in the access to public health in the context of the Unified Health System during the covid-19 pandemic in Palmas ­ TO. In order to do this, the assumptions of the Communication & Health field were adopted as a theoretical framework and the method called Collective Subject Discourse was used as a form of analysis. This method seeks to understand the ways of thinking of a social group on a given topic. In the case examined here, the group is constituted by residents of the Residencial Parque da Praia condominium, situated in Palmas. We also sought to understand to what extent these people are included in or excluded from the technological world and their perception of digital health, the Unified Health System, the right to health and communication. The group considers itself relatively informed about these topics and the majority of those residents use Information and Communication Technologies as well as the internet in their daily live. However, it was observed that digital health is still a distant reality for this community

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el papel de la salud digital en el acceso a la salud pública en el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Palmas ­ TO. Para hacer eso, se adoptó como marco teórico los presupuestos del campo de Comunicación y Salud y, como forma de análisis, el método denominado Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, que busca comprender las formas de pensar de un grupo social acerca de un tema determinado. En el caso abordado en este artículo, el grupo es constituido por residentes del condominio Residencial Parque da Praia, situado en Palmas. También buscamos comprender en qué medida estas personas están incluidas en el mundo tecnológico o son excluidas de él, y su percepción sobre la salud digital, el SUS, el derecho a la salud y a la comunicación. El grupo se considera relativamente informado sobre esos temas y su mayoría utiliza las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones y la internet en su vida diaria. Sin embargo, se observó que la salud digital es aún una realidad lejana para esta comunidad

The long-term user experience of an m-Health application / A experiência do usuário a longo prazo de um aplicativo m-Health / La experiencia a largo plazo del usuario de una aplicación m-Health

Low user engagement in m-Health applications has been driving the use of retention techniques that aim to ensure a satisfactory long-term user experience. The aim was to understand the experience of hypertensive patients interacting with a mobile health application for 12 months. A qualitative/exploratory study was conducted after 12 months, with the same experimental group of participants as the non-randomized con-trolled clinical trial conducted in 2019. The mean age of the 16 participants was 57 years (SD=8), of which11 were female. All had low socioeconomic and educational levels. Content analysis showed no engagement with the m-health app over time. The main factors contributing to the lack of engagement were; inability of the user to use the app, lack of support and technical problems. When designing m-Health interventions, it is important to understand users' behavioral characteristics, motivations for treatment, level of involve-ment in health care, and ability to use technology

O baixo envolvimento dos usuários em aplicativos m-Health vem impulsionando o uso de técnicas de retenção que visam garantir uma experiência do usuário (UX) satisfatória a longo prazo. Objetivou-se compreender a experiência de pacientes hipertensos interagindo com um aplicativo de saúde móvel (m-Health) durante 12 meses. Realizou-se estudo qualitativo/exploratório após 12 meses, com o mesmo grupo experimental de participantes do ensaio-clínico controlado e não-randomizado realizado em 2019. A idade média dos 16 participantes foi de 57 anos (DP=8); 11 eram do sexo feminino, com baixos níveis socioeconômicos e educacionais. A análise de conteúdo não mostrou nenhum envolvimento ao longo do tempo usando o aplicativo m-Health. Os principais fatores que contribuíram para a falta de envolvimento foram: incapacidade do usuário de usar o aplicativo, falta de suporte e problemas técnicos. Ao propor intervenções que utilizem m-Health, é essencial conhecer características comportamentais dos usuários, motivações para o tratamento, nível de envolvimento nos cuidados com a saúde e sua capacidade de usar tecnologias

La baja participación de los usuarios en las aplicaciones de m-Health ha impulsado el uso de técnicas de retención que tienen como objetivo garantizar una experiencia de usuario satisfactoria a largo plazo. Se pretendió comprender la experiencia de pacientes hipertensos interactuando con una aplicación de salud móvil durante 12 meses. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo/exploratorio después de 12 meses, utilizando los participantes del ensayo clínico controlado no aleatorizado que se llevó a cabo en 2019. La edad media de los 16 participantes fue 57 años (SD=8); 11 mujeres, con niveles socioeconómicos y educativos bajos. El análisis de contenido no mostró compromiso a lo largo del tiempo utilizando la aplicación m-Health. Los principales factores contribuyentes fueron: incapacidad del usuario para utilizar la aplicación, falta de apoyo y problemas técnicos. Cuando se proponen intervenciones con m-Health, es esencial conocer las características de comportamiento de los usuarios, sus motivaciones para el tratamiento, nivel de implicación en el cuidado de la salud y capacidad para utilizar tecnologías

Usabilidade da Plataforma Zelo Saúde por cuidadores de pessoas idosas dependentes / Usability of the Zelo Saúde Platform by caregivers of dependent elderly people / Usabilidad de la Plataforma Zelo Saúde por cuidadores de personas mayores dependientes

A Plataforma Zelo Saúde (PZS) é uma tecnologia mSaúde de apoio ao cuidado de pessoas idosas. Este artigo apresenta um estudo de usabilidade que analisou a utilização da PZS por 68 cuidadores/familiares de pessoas idosas dependentes por 10 semanas. Foram preenchidos um formulário pré- e outro pós-uso do aplicativo, e foi feita uma série de perguntas visando ao monitoramento semanal. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software SPSS® v.25. Os resultados indicaram que a plataforma foi simples de usar e de fácil compreensão. A PZS alcançou uma nota média, na avaliação de usabilidade, de 8,9 ± 1,6 na escala de 0 a 10 da System Usability Scale, e possibilitou não só o acesso dos cuidadores/familiares às informações clínico-funcionais, à rotina de cuidados, aos medicamentos em uso, como também a comunicação entre eles e os profissionais de saúde por meio de chat. A plataforma conta também com vídeos educativos, no contexto da atenção básica à saúde e dos serviços de atenção domiciliar, mostrando-se uma ferramenta de apoio ao cuidado de pessoas idosas em seus domicílios

The Zelo Saúde Platform (PZS) is an mHealth technology to support the care of the elderly. This article presents a usability study that analyzed the use of the PZS by 68 caregivers/relatives of dependent elderly people for 10 weeks. Pre- and post-use forms were illed by participants and a set of questions aiming weekly monitoring was answered. For data analysis, SPSS® v.25 software was used. The results indicated that the platform was simple to use and easy to understand. The PZS achieved an average usability score of 8.9 ± 1.6 on a scale of 0 to 10 of the System Usability Scale, and enabled caregivers/family members to access to functional status information, routine care, medications in use, and permitted the communication between them and health professionals through chat. The platform also includes educational videos, in the context of primary health care and home care services, proving to be a tool to support the home care of elderly people

La Plataforma Zelo Saúde (PZS) es una tecnología mHealth (salud móvil) para apoyar el cuidado de las personas mayores. Este artículo presenta un estudio de usabilidad que analizó el uso de la PZS por parte de 68 cuidadores/familiares de personas mayores dependientes durante 10 semanas. Fueron llenados un formulario previo y otro posterior a la utilización de la aplicación, y se formularon diversas preguntas con vistas al seguimiento semanal. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software SPSS® v.25. Los resultados indicaron que la plataforma era sencilla de usar y fácil de entender. La PZS alcanzó una calificación media de usabilidad de 8,9 ± 1,6 en una escala de 0 a 10 de la System Usability Scale, y permitió a los cuidadores/familiares acceder a la información clínico funcional, a los cuidados de rutina, a los medicamentos en uso y permitó también la comunicación entre ellos y los profesionales de la salud a través de chat. La plataforma cuenta aun con videos educativos, en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud y de los servicios de atención domiciliaria, demostrando ser una herramienta de apoyo al cuidado en el domicilio de personas mayores

Methods for Improving Brain-Computer Interface: Using A Brain-Directed Adjuvant and A Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence System to Enhance Information Streaming and Effectiveness of Stimuli

Background: The brain-computer interface (BCI) is gaining much attention to treat neurological disorders and improve brain-dependent functions. Significant achievements over the last decade have focused on engineering and computation technology to enhance the recording of signals and the generation of output stimuli. Nevertheless, many challenges remain for the translation of BCIs to clinical applications. Methods: We review the relevant data on the four significant gaps in enhancing BCI's clinical implementation and effectiveness. Results: The paper describes three methods to bridge the current gaps in the clinical application of BCI. The first is using a brain-directed adjuvant with a high safety profile, which can improve the accuracy of brain signaling, summing of information, and production of stimuli. The second is implementing a second-generation artificial intelligence system that is outcome-oriented for improving data streaming, recording individualized brain-variability patterns into the algorithm, and improving closed-loop learning at the level of the brain and with the target organ. The system overcomes the compensatory mechanisms that underlie the loss of stimuli' effectiveness for ensuring sustainable effects. Finally, we use inherent brain parameters relevant to consciousness and brain function to bridge some of the described gaps. Conclusions: Combined with the currently developed techniques for enhancing effectiveness and ensuring a sustainable response, these methods can potentially improve the clinical outcome of BCI techniques.

Safeguarding Our Adolescents from Inappropriate Use of Smart Gadgets: Hacks and Heuristics

Adolescents (children aged 11-19 years) are at the greatest peril when it comes to use of smart gadgets. These gadgets are essential for literacy and development, but also have the potential to cause addiction and other unwanted effects. Finding the right balance is the key. Thus, there is a considerable need to devise, enlist and convey to parents, various hacks and heuristics that can be used by them to optimize the use of smart gadgets by their teenager children. This communication should prove helpful for all health care professionals who are directly or indirectly involved in adolescent health care.

Saúde digital à brasileira e a prática clínica em enfermagem: do que estamos falando? / Brazilian digital health and nursing clinical practice: what are we talking about? / Salud digital al estilo brasileño y práctica clínica en enfermería: ¿de qué estamos hablando?

Objetivo: Descrever sobre a saúde digital e a prática clínica em enfermagem no contexto brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo teórico sobre o desenvolvimento operacional da Saúde Digital na prática clínica em enfermagem. Resultados: A Saúde Digital no Brasil compreende um aporte conceitual em amadurecimento, que inclui diversificadas tecnologias em saúde. Há iniciativas federativas que instituem a Saúde Digital em suas modalidades na esfera pública e privada no setor saúde, em interface com o setor de ciência, tecnologia, inovação e de telecomunicações. No âmbito da prática clínica em enfermagem, mostra-se em processo recente e discreto de operacionalização no cotidiano dos serviços, porém, já possuem iniciativas de regulamentação da modalidade em contexto ampliado para além do contexto pandêmico e em diversas especialidades, com consulta pública de resoluções específicas já publicadas para o campo da enfermagem. Considerações Finais: A Saúde Digital já tem sido amplamente difundida no contexto da saúde, com implicações relevantes para a categoria trabalhadora do campo da Enfermagem brasileira, no contexto da prática clínica, sendo merecedora de atenção. (AU)

Objective: To describe digital health and the clinical practice in nursing in the Brazilian context. Methods: Theoretical study about the operational development of digital health in nursing clinical practice. Results: Digital health in Brazil involves a still maturing set of concepts, including several different nursing technologies. There are federal initiatives to institute digital health modalities in public and private health sectors, associated with the science, technology, innovation, and telecommunication sectors. In the scope of nursing clinical practice, this is an incipient operationalization process when it comes to daily work. Nonetheless, resolutions have been published to regulate this modality in nursing in a broader context, that is, beyond that of the pandemic, for several specialties, with public consultations to deal with specific issues. Final Considerations: Digital health has been widely disseminated in health services, with relevant implications to the working category of Brazilian nursing field, on the clinic practice context, being attention deserved. (AU)

Objectivo: Describir salud digital y la práctica clínica de enfermería en el contexto de Brasil. Métodos: Investigación teorética sobre el desarrollo operacional de salud digital en la práctica clínica en enfermería. Resultados: La salud digital en Brasil es asociada a una serie de conceptos aún en desarrollo, incluyendo diversas tecnologías en salud. La federación creó iniciativas que instituyen las modalidades de salud digital en los sectores público y privado de la salud, asociado a los sectores de la ciencia, tecnología, innovación y telecomunicaciones. Con respecto a la práctica clínica en enfermería, se puede percibir un proceso reciente y discreto de operacionalización en el cotidiano de los servicios; con todo, ya existen iniciativas para reglamentar el uso de la salud digital en un contexto ampliado para mas allá de la pandemia en muchas especialidades, incluyendo consultas públicas para resoluciones específicas ya publicadas en el campo de enfermería. Consideraciones Finales: La salud digital ha sido largamente difundida en los servicios de salud, con implicaciones relevantes para la categoría de trabajo del campo de enfermería brasileño, en el contexto de la práctica clínica, siendo merecido atención. (AU)

THE POTENTIAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS: AN OVERVIEW

This review article explores the potential bene?ts and challenges of using telecommunications technology, including telemedicine and mobile health apps, in cancer clinical trials. The author conducted a search of four electronic databases for studies published in English between 2010 and 2021 that evaluated the use of telecommunications technology in adult cancer patients and reported patient outcomes. The studies were grouped based on the type of telecommunications technology used, and the outcomes were synthesized to provide an overview of the potential impact of telecommunications technology on cancer clinical trials. Telecommunications technologies were found to improve patient access and recruitment, data collection, management, and analysis, and enable real-time monitoring of patients' health and adherence to treatment. Telecommunications technologies can also reduce trial costs by minimizing the need for in- person visits and other expenses. However, the implementation of telecommunications technologies in clinical trials is not without challenges, including technical issues, patient acceptance and adherence, regulatory and legal approvals, and variability in healthcare systems. The author suggests that addressing these challenges could lead to improved patient outcomes and better overall health outcomes for cancer patients

Health Technology Use in Noncommunicable Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities in India

Health care in India is undergoing a rapid change from its historical focus on acute disease management to a focus more on chronic and continuous care-based model for noncommunicable disorders. Health technology could be a game changer as it has a potential to optimize costs and effectively manage such operations. IT solutions are likely to become an integral part of process management, patient care and the hospital management information system in future. This brief communication describes the key enablers and limitations of using health technology in chronic diseases in developing countries like India.

Application of digital health in the management and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases / 中华全科医师杂志

Chronic noncommunicable diseases are heavily burdened in China. In recent years, the digital health has developed rapidly in the medical and health industry, which provides new ways for the prevention, control and management of chronic diseases. The application of digital health includes the electronic health records, remote diagnosis and treatment, monitoring and management of the health status, the development of digital medicine and the digital medical insurance. This article reviews the connotation of digital health and its main applications in the prevention, control and management of chronic diseases, and also discusses the future directions and challenges of digital health.

Development status and prospect of stroke lifecycle health management in digital health era / 中国实用护理杂志

Digital health technologies were emerging to help understand the health behaviors of stroke patients and improved patient adherence to stroke management strategies. This paper overviewed the application status of digital health technology in stroke life cycle management at home and abroad, and the next development direction. This article aimed to provide new ideas for the whole life cycle health management of stroke disease.

A scoping review of related factors affecting the participation of the elderly in digital health interventions / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To review the scope of related factors that affect the elderly′s participation in digital health intervention, and to provide a certain reference for the application and development of smart elderly technology.Methods:Based on the scope review guidelines issued by the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia in 2019, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined according to the PCCS principles. Chinese and English literatures were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, JBI, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang database and Chinese biomedical literature database. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 30, 2021. Two researchers independently read, and used EndNoteX9 and Excel tables to extract relevant data from the literature for summary and analysis.Results:Totally 20 articles were selected, including 2 mixed studies, 10 cross-sectional studies, 6 qualitative studies, and 2 quasi-experimental studies. Relevant factors affecting the participation of the elderly in digital health interventions involved the developers, users and the user himself of digital health intervention systems, including the degree of system integration of system development, the degree of autonomy of the elderly, the credibility and accessibility of system equipment and ease of use; the degree of compatibility of equipment in the process of use, the degree of digital infrastructure configuration, the degree of Internet penetration, the availability and reliability of health information resources, the degree of training and education, the degree of communication with the elderly in the process of participation, financial payment, etc.; the four inherent factors of the elderly included the cost of technology use, technical anxiety, privacy and safety, and health needs.Conclusions:The elderly, medical staff, developers and other stakeholders should jointly participate in decision-making on the development and management of the digital health intervention system for the elderly, especially by inviting and empowering the elderly , and improve the training and feedback of the system application and use process, accelerate the popularization and promotion of technical resources, and increase social capital and financial payment incentives to reduce the burden on the elderly and the medical system.

Evaluation of the design and development of the HeLe newborn hearing screening tele-audiology systems for the Philippines

Introduction@#There is increasing interest in innovation development and management in the Philippines, especially in the last decade. In the advocacy for universal hearing health, the HeLe, “Hearing for Life’’ Research Program was implemented. HeLe developed novel telehealth technologies and field tested a proof-of-concept service delivery model to improve provision of newborn hearing screening and intervention services in the Philippines. @*Objective@#As the HeLe research period concludes, this appraisal was organized to document and assess the health information technology systems of the HeLe. @*Methods@#The evaluation follows the elements of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluation of public health surveillance systems. It centers on the status of the eHealth-based components of the HeLe NHS interventions: HeLe NHS module in the Community Health Information Tracking System (CHITS) electronic medical records system, the Tele-Audiology module in National Telehealth System (NTS), and the HeLe NHS registry. The evaluation is based on interviews of key HeLe research staff and documentation review. @*Results@#The HeLe system has a stable, SQL-Server-based architecture. It is a secure, web-based system with clean separation of back-end database and front-end Web, using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology. Standardization of data via mapping ensures reliable, comparable measures. HeLe demonstrates that NHS data collected by the HeLe NHS device can be sent to, stored in, and extracted from the CHITS electronic medical record system and exchanged across platforms. Where actual patient and NHS data were available, this HeLe system is validated to be efficacious to capture and seamlessly exchange data across various eHealth platforms. These eHealth technologies are described to be at Technology Readiness Level 5, “technologies are validated in a relevant environment”. The HeLe program, however, needs to address completeness in documentation as a standard practice, if only to ensure better management of risks introduced by novel eHealth systems in patient care. The CDC public health surveillance checklist used for this assessment is useful in identifying gaps in research management for the HeLe inventors. It is recommended to be incorporated to be standard and implemented early in the next iteration of the HeLe research. @*Conclusions@#Overall, the HeLe technologies, in this initial stage of research, have achieved the purpose for which they were developed. As a novel technologybased NHS system, HeLe is a potentially powerful tool to assist in monitoring newborn hearing disease caseloads by community-based primary care clinics, NHS facilities, and hospitals that provide definitive medical services. As other health systems strengthening reforms take root in the Philippines, secure exchange of data electronically across the country would depend on sound technologies, including those used in hearing health. This paper can be instructive to the emerging research community in the eHealth and biomedical development space especially in resource-challenged settings. Likewise, lessons can reinforce institutional support from research agencies, clinicians, and state/county or subnational health departments for policy and resource mobilization to better manage those identified with congenital hearing loss.

Computer Vision in Medical Imaging and its Impact on the Rare Musculoskeletal Diseases / 罕见病研究

There are over 6000 rare diseases in the world, affecting more than 300 million people. Early and precise diagnosis of rare diseases has always been the goal in clinical medicine. Emerging computer vision technology now greatly enhance medicine and healthcare and shows the potential in assisting the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases. The technology can be a useful tool for extracting disease-relevant patterns from medical imaging. However, the effectiveness of its application depends on the complexity of the medical cases. In this paper, we summarize the challenges and emerging solution for the application of computer vision in diagnosis, rehabilitation as well as management of rare musculoskeletal diseases.

Literacia em saúde nos estudantes do ensino superior: que relações com o uso de redes sociais? / Health literacy in higher education students: What are the relationships with the use of social networks?

Resumo A literacia em saúde (LS) é hoje uma importante ferramenta na promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença. O presente estudo, exploratório e correlacional, tem como objetivos: caracterizar os estudantes do ensino superior (ES) relativamente aos seus níveis de LS e de LS digital (e-LS); explorar suas relações com a utilização de redes sociais e comportamentos de saúde; explorar possíveis preditores de LS e e-LS. Participaram no estudo 125 estudantes de diversos cursos, que responderam a instrumentos de autorrelato. Os resultados mostraram níveis de LS em geral acima dos encontrados na população portuguesa, mas abaixo dos níveis de LS nas faixas etárias em que se inserem esses estudantes. Do total de participantes, 42,9% apresentam valores inadequados ou problemáticos, o que constitui uma oportunidade estratégica para a promoção da LS no contexto do ES. O nível de escolaridade da mãe e o próprio sofrer de uma doença crônica revelaram-se preditores significativos da e-LS. As tecnologias digitais podem ser utilizadas como um adequado meio de promoção da saúde dos estudantes do ES, sendo fundamental a identificação de outros preditores de LS e e-LS. As universidades devem incluir a LS nos seus currículos, num conceito alargado de promoção da saúde no ES.

Abstract Health literacy (HL) is today an important tool in health promotion and disease prevention. This exploratory and correlational study aims to: characterize Higher Education (HE) students in terms of their HL and digital HS (e-HL) levels; explore their relationships with the use of social networks and health behaviors; and explore possible predictors of HL and e-HL. The study included 125 students from different courses, who responded to self-report instruments (e.g., Health Literacy Survey 16; eHealth Literacy Scale). The results showed HL levels in general above those found in the Portuguese population, but below the HL levels in the age groups in which HE students belong. Of the total number of participants, 42.9% have inadequate or problematic values, which constitutes a strategic opportunity for the promotion of HL in the context of HE. The mother's level of education and the fact that the student suffers from a chronic disease proved to be significant predictors of e-HL. Digital technologies can be used as an adequate means of promoting the health of HE students, and it is essential to identify other predictors of HL and e-HL.

Questões da saúde digital para o SUS: a "saúde móvel" e a automação algorítmica do saber-poder da medicina / Digital health issues for the SUS: "mobile health" and the algorithmic automation of medical knowledge-power

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 acelerou a chamada transformação digital da saúde. Uma de suas faces pode ser vista no uso progressivo de aplicativos móveis dedicados à prevenção de doenças e à promoção à saúde (mSaúde). Todavia, ainda há muitas lacunas de conhecimento e problematizações sobre saúde digital para subsidiar seu uso e implementação no âmbito da saúde coletiva. Este ensaio pretende se somar às caracterizações e análises das consequências assistenciais, sociais, políticas, legais e éticas da saúde digital. A hipótese a ser defendida é que a transformação digital da saúde acarreta a automação algorítmica do saber-poder da medicina. Para desenvolver este ensaio, foram realizadas extensa revisão bibliográfica, investigação e descrição de aplicativos de mSaúde, a partir de estudos críticos sobre saúde digital propostos por Deborah Lupton.

Abstract The current pandemic has accelerated digital health transformation. One of its faces refers to the progressive use of mobile applications dedicated to care, disease prevention, and health promotion - e.g., mHealth. However, many gaps in the knowledge and questions about digital health to support its use and implementation persist in the scope of Public Health. With that in mind, this study aims to contribute to their assistance, social, political, legal, and ethical characterizations and analyses. The hypothesis we intend to test is that the digital transformation of health care leads, for better or for worse, to the algorithmic automation of the knowledge-power of medicine. To conduct this study, we carried out an extensive literature review and investigated and described mHealth apps based on the critical studies of digital health proposed by Deborah Lupton.

Metapresencialidad: concepto fundante de una teoría crítica de la salud digital / Metapresentiality: a foundational concept for a critical theory of digital health

RESUMEN En este texto, propongo el concepto de "metapresencialidad" como elemento fundante para una teoría crítica de la salud digital. En primer lugar, presento los conceptos de técnica, tecnología y objeto técnico, centrales en las teorías de Álvaro Vieira Pinto y Milton Santos. En segundo lugar, a partir de la filosofía de la información de Luciano Floridi, cuestiono la pertinencia de la dicotomía real-material-concreto versus digital-virtual-informacional como fundamento ontológico de los conceptos de realidad, lugar y presencia, destacando las nociones de realidad virtual y realidad extendida. En tercer lugar, introduzco una crítica etimológica e histórica de la serie presencia-telepresencia-metapresencia, enfocando la noción emergente de metapresencialidad en forma de protoconcepto y su eventual formalización como fundamento conceptual para una apropiación sociotécnica y una integración tecnosocial de las tecnologías digitales. Finalmente, discuto la salud digital como campo de saberes, técnicas y prácticas y evalúo las ventajas epistemológicas y pragmáticas de la metapresencialidad como concepto en los campos de la informática, la educación y la salud.

ABSTRACT In this text, I propose the concept of "metapresentiality" as a fundamental element for a Critical Theory of Digital Health. First, I present the concepts of technique, technology, and technical object, central to the theories of Álvaro Vieira Pinto and Milton Santos. Secondly, based on Luciano Floridi's philosophy of information, I question the relevance of the dichotomy real-material-concrete vs. digital-virtual-informational as an ontological foundation for concepts of reality, place, and presence, highlighting the notions of virtual reality and extended reality. Thirdly, I introduce an etymological-historical critique of the series presence-telepresence-metapresence, focusing on the emerging notion of meta-presentiality in the form of proto-concept and its eventual formalization as a conceptual foundation for a socio-technical appropriation and technosocial integration of digital technologies. Finally, I discuss Digital Health as a field of knowledge, techniques and practices and evaluate epistemological and pragmatic advantages of metapresentiality as a concept in the fields of computing, education and health.

Balint groups using the "coletivos em saúde mental" m-health app during covid-19 / Grupos balint utilizando la aplicación de m-health llamada "coletivos em saúde mental" durante covid-19 / Grupos balint com o uso do aplicativo m-health coletivos em saúde mental na covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the potential effectiveness of Balint groups with health professionals using an m-Health device called "Coletivos em Saúde Mental", during the SARS-COV-2. Method: a quasi-experimental pilot study, developed in three phases: initial assessment; longitudinal monitoring and reassessment. Eight health professionals participated in the study, mean age of 35.5 years old, of different genders and with various schooling levels. The instruments used were the following: Demographic questionnaire; Mental health; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; COVID-19 Fear Scale; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The Balint interventions totaled 24 sessions using an m-Health device between December 2021 to February 2022. Results: the health assessment indicated mental distress: before, 75%; after, 50% (mean, 1.70±0.05 vs 1.54±0.05; SD=0.378; 0.377; p=0.387); depression: before, 62.5%; after, 12.5% (mean, 1.91±0.05 vs 1.50±0.05; SD=0.688; 0.497; p=0.242); anxiety: before, 50%; after, 37.5% (mean, 1.71±0.05 vs 1.98±0.05; SD=0.703; 0.624; p=0.208); stress: before, 75%; after, 37.5% (mean, 2.36±0.05 vs 1.98±0.05; SD=0.697; 0.547; p=0.260); COVID-19 fear: before, from 14 to 31; after, from 10 to 26 (mean, 3.57±0.05 vs 2.82±0.05; SD=1.043; 1.038; p=0.005), with a 100% reduction; post-traumatic stress disorder, re-experiencing the trauma: before, 37.5%; after, 12.5%; avoidance: before, 25%; after, 25%; hyperstimulation: before, 25%; after, 12.5% (mean, 2.11±0.05 vs 1.66±0.05; SD=0.734; 0.615; p=0.133). Conclusion: the findings of this study show the potential of Balint groups to promote health professionals' mental health. These results cannot be generalized and further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of Balint groups.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el potencial de eficacia de los grupos Balint con profesionales de salud utilizando un dispositivo de m-Health llamado "Coletivos em Saúde Mental" durante la SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: estudio piloto cuasiexperimental, desarrollado en tres fases: evaluación inicial; seguimiento longitudinal; y segunda evaluación después de la intervención. Los participantes del estudio fueron ocho profesionales de salud, 35,5 años. Se utilizaron: un Cuestionario demográfico; Salud mental; Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés; Escala de miedo al COVID-19; y Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Las intervenciones Balint totalizaron 24 sesiones, utilizando el dispositivo m-Health, entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022. Resultados: la evaluación indicó padecimiento mental: antes, 75%; después, 50% (media, 1,70±0,05 vs 1,54±0,05; DE=0,378; 0,377; p=0,387); depresión: antes, 62,5%; después, 12,5% (media, 1,91±0,05 vs 1,50±0,05; DE=0,688; 0,497; p=0,242); ansiedad: antes, 50%; después, 37,5% (media, 1,71±0,05 vs 1,98±0,05; DP=0,703; 0,624; p=0,208); y estrés: antes, 75%; después, 37,5% (media, 2,36±0,05 vs 1,98±0,05; DE=0,697; 0,547; p=0,260); miedo al COVID-19: antes, de 14 a 31; después, de 10 a 26 (media, 3,57±0,05 vs 2,82±0,05; De=1,043; 1,038; p=0,005), con 100% de reducción; Trastorno por Estrés Post-Traumático, "reexperiencia del trauma": antes, 37,5%; después, 12,5%; "evitación": antes, 25%; después, 25%; "hiperestimulación": antes, 25%; después, 12,5% (media, 2,11±0,05 vs 1,66±0,05; DP=0,734; 0,615; p=0,133). Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio demuestran el potencial de los grupos Balint. Estos resultados no pueden generalizarse y se requieren más trabajos de investigación para evaluar la eficacia de los grupos.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o potencial de eficácia dos grupos Balint com profissionais da saúde com dispositivo m-Health Coletivos em Saúde Mental, na Sars-COV-2. Método: estudo piloto quase-experimental, desenvolvido em três fases: avaliação inicial, acompanhamento longitudinal e reavaliação. Participaram do estudo oito profissionais da saúde, média de 35,5 anos, de diferentes sexos e escolaridade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário demográfico; Avaliação da saúde mental; Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse; Escala de medo do Covid-19; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. As intervenções Balint totalizaram 24 sessões, com o uso de dispositivo m-Health, entre dezembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Resultados: A avaliação indicou sofrimento mental, pré 75%; pós 50% (média, 1,70±0,05 vs 1,54±0,05; DP=0,378; 0,377; p=0,387); depressão, pré 62,5%; pós 12,5% (média, 1,91±0,05 vs 1,50±0,05; DP=0,688; 0,497; p=0,242); ansiedade, pré 50%; pós 37,5% (média, 1,71±0,05 vs 1,98±0,05; DP=0,703; 0,624; p=0,208); estresse, pré 75%; pós 37,5% (média, 2,36±0,05 vs 1,98±0,05; DP=0,697; 0,547; p=0,260); medo da Covid-19, pré= 14 a 31; pós=10 a 26 (média, 3,57±0,05 vs 2,82±0,05; DP=1,043; 1,038; p=0,005), com redução do medo em 100%; transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, reexperiência do trauma, pré 37,5%; pós 12,5%; evitação, pré 25%; pós 25%; hiperestimulação, pré 25%; pós 12,5% (média, 2,11±0,05 vs 1,66±0,05; DP=0,734; 0,615; p=0,133). Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo demonstram o potencial dos grupos Balint para fomentar a saúde mental dos profissionais da saúde. Esses resultados não podem ser generalizados e outras pesquisas são necessárias para avaliar a eficácia dos grupos Balint.