Occurrence and Distribution of Lentil Wilt in Major Lentil Growing Regions of Madhya Pradesh, India

In the present investigation, roving survey was conducted during the October to February of 2020–2021 and 2021–22 to acquire information on the natural disease incidence and distribution of lentil wilt in the farmers’ fields in eight different districts of Madhya Pradesh. A pooled mean of disease incidence ranging from 6.62%–20.36% was observed during 2020–22. The district wise scenario of lentil wilt over a period of two consecutive years revealed that maximum average incidence of 18.96% was recorded in Sagar district followed by 17.67% in Khandwa district. However, minimum average wilt incidence of 12.17% was recorded in Mandla district followed by 12.55% in Jabalpur district. Looking to the occurrence of lentil wilt, Sagar, Khandwa, Damoh, Katni and Dindori were identified as hotspot pockets for occurrence of lentil wilt in surveyed districts of Madhya Pradesh. Further, reduction of 26.28% in wilt occurrence was recorded in the farmers’ practice advocated as seed treatment before sowing. Under the seven cropping patterns observed, the minimum wilt incidence of 13.96% was recorded in rice followed by lentil which is the most predominant cropping pattern across the surveyed locations. Further different varieties were screened for occurrence of lentil wilt at Sagar. Among the 14 varieties, maximum incidence of lentil wilt was recorded in PL 5 followed by Shekhar masoor 3. However, two varieties namely JL 1 and L 4076 were found free from wilt incidence in selected hot spot pocket for lentil wilt.

Survey, Incidence and Pathogenicity of Root Rot Disease of Cotton in Different Districts of Haryana Incited by Rhizoctonia spp

Aim: Survey, incidence and pathogenicity of root rot disease of cotton in different districts of Haryana incited by Rhizoctonia spp.Design: Survey.Place and Duration of Study: Ten major cotton growing districts in Haryana during Kharif 2021 and Kharif 2022.Methodology: A roving survey to record cotton root rot incidence was conducted in ten major cotton growing districts of Haryana during the month of June and July for consecutive two Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. On an average 4 growing region of cotton in each district were visited and percent disease incidence was recorded.Results: Among all the surveyed districts of Haryana the maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in Fatehabad (18.75%) followed by Hisar (15.25 %), Sirsa (15%), While the minimum disease incidence was recorded in Nuh and Charkhi dadri 9.25 per cent in both during kharif 2021. Among all the surveyed districts of Haryana the maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in Fatehabad (18.25%) followed by Sirsa (15.25%), Hisar (15.42%), While the minimum disease incidence was recorded Charkhi dadri (9.08%).Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that important cotton-growing regions in Haryana have root rot disease incidence. It is clear from the overall study that root rot disease is common in significant mulberry-growing regions in Haryana. As a result, resistant cotton types are urgently needed to address the grower's issue, together with the best management techniques, such as effective biocontrol agents that can significantly reduce the illness. Consequently, research should be conducted to ascertain the incidence of the disease in different places.

Influence of Weather Parameters on Incidence of Black Spot of Papaya Caused by Asperisporium caricae

The severity of the black leaf spot disease of papaya increased with increase in rainfall and during dry spells the disease declined considerably. The maximum disease severity was found during the late winter and spring seasons of the year. In the present study, the disease severity of black spot of papaya was recorded in the TNAU, Orchard at monthly interval for a period of one year from January to December 2018. The results revealed that the disease severity increased progressively from August to November 2018 and the disease was found to be less in summer months. The disease severity was found to reach maximum of 31.21% during the November 2018. The lowest disease severity of 9.45% was found during the month of May 2018.

Identifying F. oxysporum Strains Causing Wilt in Southern Indian Chickpeas

Fusarium oxysporum (Schletend: Fr) f. sp. ciceri (Padwick), referred to as Foc, is a soil-borne fungus that poses a constant threat to chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) by causing wilt disease. Typical wilt symptoms were observed in chickpea plants collected from 24 different locations across three southern Indian states. The process involved isolating Fusarium species from the roots of these wilted plants, resulting in the identification of various strains exhibiting diverse cultural and morphological characteristics on potato dextrose agar medium. All twenty four isolates were subjected to Koch's postulates using the standard method, which yielded varied responses in terms of disease incidence. After analyzing cultural, morphological, molecular traits, and conducting pathogenicity tests, the fungus was definitively identified as F. oxysporum Schlechtend. Fr. f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) Matuo and K. Sato. Among the 24 isolates tested on the chickpea wilt susceptible cultivar JG-62, one was non-pathogenic with zero percent disease incidence (PDI), while one isolate was highly pathogenic showed 100 percent PDI. Highly pathogenic four isolate was further used for molecular identification with secreted in xylem primers (SIX). Comparative studies of cultural traits and conidial morphology among different isolates revealed variations in growth patterns, pigmentation, sporulation, and the size and structure of macro and micro conidia, as well as chlamydospores.

Prevalence of brucellosis among humans and animals in Gansu Province from 2018 to 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the changes of spatial, seasonal, and age distribution of brucellosis among humans and animals in Gansu Province and to provide a reference for the next step in formulating prevention and control measures.Methods:Reported data of brucellosis of humans and animals in Gansu Province from 2018 to 2020 were collected. The human epidemic data were obtained from "China Disease Control and Prevention Information System", and the positive data of animals were obtained from the monthly report provided by Gansu Animal Disease Control Center. Human brucellosis was classified and analyzed according to year, month, age and region, and livestock brucellosis was classified according to year, month, population and region. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to analyze the spatial epidemiological characteristics of the data. Measuring Geographic tool was used to calculate the shifting distance of the center of the disease incidence in humans and animals from 2018 to 2020.Results:From 2018 to 2020, a total of 6 375 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Gansu Province. The 40 - 59 age group accounted for 54.96% (3 504/6 375), 1 584 cases were reported in 2018, 1 787 cases were reported in 2019, and 3 004 cases were reported in 2020. The high incidence time of human brucellosis was July and November. A total of 48 180 brucellosis-positive animals (heads) were detected, of which 47 342 were positive sheep, accounting for 98.26% (47 342/48 180). The high incidence time of brucellosis among animals was October. Among the 14 cities (prefectures), the top cities of livestock brucellosis reported were Qingyang City, Zhangye City and Jiuquan City. The center of disease incidence among humans was located in Gulang County, Wuwei City. The center of disease incidence among animals was located in Wuwei City in 2018 and Qingyang City in 2020.Conclusions:The cases of brucellosis in humans and animals in Gansu Province are on the increase. In some areas, there are problems of separation of human and animal epidemics. It is necessary to actively strengthen monitoring and implement measures to prevent and control brucellosis in humans and animals in high-risk areas to curb the spread of the epidemic.

Trends in incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017 / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for the development of AD prevention and control strategies. @* Methods@#The data pertaining to the incidence and mortality of AD in China from 2003 to 2017 were collected from the Global Burden Disease Study, and standardized to the data of the Sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trends in incidence and mortality of AD were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change ( AAPC ) in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017. @*Results@#The incidence of AD increased from 96.05/105 in 2003 to 140.96/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 2.776% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 3.419% ) was found during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized incidence of AD increased 102.06/105 in 2003 to 106.09/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.274% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.177% ) was measured during the period between 2003 and 2005 ( P<0.05). The mortality of AD increased from 24.60/105 in 2003 to 41.44/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 3.862% ( P<0.05 ), and the greatest APC (4.667%) was found during the period between 2005 and 2011 ( P<0.05 ). The standardized mortality of AD increased 26.83/105 in 2003 to 27.16/105 in 2017 in Zhejiang Province, with AAPC of 0.142% ( P>0.05 ), and the greatest APC ( 1.048% ) was measured during the period between 2005 and 2012 ( P<0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both the incidence and mortality of AD appeared a tendency towards a rise in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2017.

Disminución de la vigilancia de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva tras el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, Cuba 2020

RESUMEN Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 deben mantenerse activos los sistemas de vigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles mediante vacunación. El objetivo de la presente comunicación es alertar sobre el debilitamiento de la vigilancia de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en Cuba durante el 2020. Para ello se realizó un análisis retrospectivo del número de casos con enfermedad neumocócica invasiva confirmado en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia, Cuba 2014-2020. Entre el 2014 y 2019 el número de aislados de Streptococcus pneumoniae osciló entre 81 y 121. Durante el 2020 solo se confirmaron 31 aislados; 19 de ellos se recuperaron de meningitis y únicamente cinco de neumonía. Las medidas sanitarias implementadas para contener el avance de la pandemia COVID-19 pueden haber influido en la disminución de aislados responsables de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva. Esto parece obedecer al debilitamiento de la vigilancia, pues las pruebas para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 se convirtieron en una prioridad durante el 2020.

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, surveillance systems for vaccine-preventable diseases should remain active. The purpose of the present communication is to warn about the weakening of invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Cuba during the year 2020. To achieve such an end, a retrospective analysis was conducted of the number of invasive pneumococcal disease cases confirmed at the Cuban National Reference Laboratory in the period 2014-2020. From 2014 to 2019 the number of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates ranged between 81 and 121. In 2020 only 31 isolates were confirmed, 19 of which were retrieved from meningitis and a mere five from pneumonia. The health actions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the decline in the number of isolated responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease. This situation seems to be a consequence of the weakening of surveillance, since COVID-19 diagnostic tests became a priority during 2020.

Influence of weather parameters on Aphis craccivora and Bean common mosaic virus disease incidence in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp

Aim: Many crop modelling and climate simulation studies have reported variability in pest and pathogen distribution as well as their interaction with host. These prediction encourages to revisit the pest and pathogen epidemological and distribution studies in light of changing climate. In line with above assumption, the present field study was carried out to study the population dynamics of cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) and its influence on BCMV disease incidence. Methodology: In this field experiment, A. craccivora population and BCMV disease incidence data were collected in different standard meteorological weeks of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Impact of weather parameters on A. craccivora and BCMV disease incidence was statistically analyzed. Results: The significant change in A. craccivora population and BCMV disease incidence was documented during the study. The maximum aphid population was observed during rabi season and less was observed in kharif and summer season. Whereas, incidence of BCMV was recorded maximum in rabi season. Correlation analysis affirmed, minimum temperature (Tmin) and rainfall had negative impact on A. craccivora whereas weather parameters had non-significant impact on BCMV disease incidence. The regression models developed from the present study explained 41.4 % to 78.8 % and 18.5 % to 46.1% variability (R2) of aphid population and BCMV incidence, respectively. Interpretation: The weather parameters had more impact on A. craccivora population than BCMV disease incidence and merely presence of maximum number of A. craccivora was not a deciding factor for outbreak of virus disease incidence.

Long term interaction between dietary patterns and disease incidence: evidence from serbia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dietary pattern and incidence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in Serbia, a country which has experienced a significant shift in nutrition and lifestyle habits, guided by its particular historical background and its rapid transition to liberal economy. Data was collected from annual reports published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia and the Institute of Public Health. It provides a focus on the timeframe of 1997-2014, in order to capture any changing pattern after the year 2000, in which the process of complete trade liberalization started.The results have shown a striking growing trend in both disease incidence on the one hand and processed food items such as processed meat, fruit juices, chocolate and biscuits and on the other hand. Granger causality test suggests that there exists causality that goes beyond spurious relationship between the disease of blood and blood-forming organs and immune system disorders and average per capita consumption of fruit and vegetables, poultry, processed meat, chocolates and biscuits and fruit juices. Also, we find evidence of long-term relationship between fish consumption and endocrine, metabolic and digestive diseases(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los patrones de dieta y la incidencia de las enfermedades no transmisibles relacionadas con la nutrición en Serbia, un país que ha experimentado un cambio significativo en los hábitos de nutrición y estilo de vida, guiado por sus antecedentes históricos particulares y su rápida transición hacia una economía liberal. Se recogieron datos de los informes anuales publicados por la Oficina de Estadística de la República de Serbia y el Instituto de Salud Pública. Se hizo foco en el período de 1997 a 2014, con el fin de poder detectar cualquier cambio en los patrones a partir del año 2000, cuando comenzó el proceso de liberalización total del comercio. Los resultados han mostrado llamativamente una tendencia creciente tanto en la incidencia de enfermedades como en la proliferación de alimentos procesados, tales como carne procesada, jugos de frutas, chocolate y galletas. La prueba de causalidad de Granger sugiere que existe una relación de causalidad que va más allá de la relación espuria entre las enfermedades hematológicas, las afecciones de los órganos hematopoyéticos y del sistema inmunológico y el consumo promedio per cápita de frutas y hortalizas, productos avícolas, carne procesada, chocolates, galletas y jugos de frutas. Parece evidente también la existencia de una relación a largo plazo entre la aparición de enfermedades endocrinas, metabólicas y digestivas y el consumo de pescado(AU)

Diseases of soldiers in Chinese navy escort fleets in Aden Gulf: An investigation and comparative analysss / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the spectrum and characteristics of common diseases in Chinese escort navy fleets in Aden Gulf, providing references for optimizing the allocation of medical resources and improving the efficiency of medical service. Methods A total of 3 068 navy soldiers who served in four escort missions between 2013 and 2016 in Aden Gulf were included in the present study, and they were marked as batch A, B, C and D according to the task sequence. The records of outpatient and emergency departments, data from weekly medical report and data from summary of health service were collected for analyzing the circadian disease incidence, morbidity per day and the composition of diseases. Results The incidence of diseases took a declining tendency from the beginning to the end of the mission. The latter two escort fleets had a significantly lower morbidity per day than the former two escort fleets (P0. 05). Conclusion With the normalization of the escort missions, the morbidity per day of the escort soldiers declines in the later escort fleets. More attention should be given to improve the sleeping quality and reduce the occurrence of insomnia while still keeping an eye on common diseases.

Trends in the incidence of acute watery diarrhoea in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2009-2013

Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under age 5 worldwide, with rotavirus being the main etiology. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) was introduced as one of the national notifiable diseases in 2004. We retrospectively reviewed the aggregate (n = 117 277) and case-based (n = 67 755) AWD surveillance data from 2009 to 2013 reported weekly from 1115 health facilities nationwide. Rotavirus rapid test data from all eight sentinel sites in Vientiane Capital in 2013 were also collected for analysis. The incidence of AWD ranged between 215 and 476 cases per 100 000 population and increased from 2009 to 2012 when it levelled off. The most affected age group was children under 5 who were about seven to nine times more likely to have AWD than the rest of the population (P < 0.0001). In children under 5, 74.8% of the cases were aged 0-24 months and AWD was 1.28 times more common in males (P < 0.0001). Among the 230 stool specimens tested in children under 5 in 2013, 109 (47.4%) tested positive for rotavirus. The increased AWD incidence over the study period may reflect a true increase in AWD or an improved sensitivity of the system. We recommend new mothers breastfeed up to two years after birth, which is known to reduce AWD morbidity and mortality in young children. We also recommend conducting rotavirus disease burden and cost-effectiveness studies to explore the benefits of introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

The Consideration about Usefulness of Mass Screening for Dementia

BACKGROUND: With the increasing elderly population in Korea, the number of dementia patients is estimated to reach nearly a million by 2027. To resolve this problem, centers for dementia were established in Korea since 2007 and mass screening for dementia proceeded in these center. This research was the analysis of the results of mass screening in Seongdong-gu center for dementia. METHODS: From July 2007 to December 2013, we registered 23,186 persons at Seongdong-gu center for dementia and all individuals were aged 60 and older. They classified the subjects into cognitive impairment group and normal group by Korean version Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Next, the cognitive impairment group was assorted by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Korean version (CERAD-K) and the examination of two neurologists. We investigated the prevalence of dementia and the usefulness mass screening of dementia among that data. RESULTS: A total of 23,186 subjects were enrolled, of which 3,286 were cognitive impairment group, and 1,856 were diagnosed with dementia finally. The mean age was 77.1 years, 67% were female and the mean education level was 6.3 years. Disease incidence of dementia was lower year by year, but this went up when we focused the group who has high risk of dementia. Especially, the sharp decline was observed in complete enumeration dementia screening test about the specific age group. CONCLUSIONS: These results could suggest that we should focus on the group who has high risk of dementia in screening for dementia and it requires a more judicious approach.

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de los pacientes menores de 15 años de edad con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Clinical-epidemiologic characterization of patients aged under 15 presenting with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: identificar las características clínico epidemiológicas de los pacientes menores de 15 años de edad, diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 durante el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008 de la provincia Ciudad de La Habana. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo con los pacientes menores de 15 años de edad, diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 durante el período ya mencionado. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por 293 pacientes, a los que se realizó la revisión de la historia clínica. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad al diagnóstico, color de la piel, duración de lactancia materna exclusiva, forma clínica al diagnóstico y factores ambientales. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante cálculo de por cientos y de tasas de incidencia por grupo de edad y sexo durante el período estudiado. Resultados: los resultados más importantes mostraron un predominio de los pacientes que recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva por un tiempo menor de 3 meses. Las formas clínicas menos graves al diagnóstico de la enfermedad fueron las más frecuentes. Entre los factores ambientales predominaron las enfermedades respiratorias agudas. La tasa de incidencia media del período fue de 8,4 x 100 000 habitantes. Conclusiones: la incidencia de la enfermedad durante el período fue más alta en relación con los estudios previos realizados en el país, con un desplazamiento hacia edades tempranas(AU)

Objective: to identify the clinical-epidemiologic features of the patients aged under 15, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2008 from Ciudad de La Habana province. Methods: a descriptive-retrospective study was conducted in patients aged under 15 diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus over above mentioned period. The study group included 293 patients and the review of medical record. Study variables were: sex, age at diagnosis, skin color, length of exclusive breast feeding, clinical way at diagnosis and environmental factors. A statistic analysis was carried out by means of percentage calculation and the incidence rates by age group and sex over the study period. Results: the more important results showed predominance of patients received exclusive breastfeeding over a period less than three months. The less severe clinical ways at disease's diagnosis were the more frequent ones. Among the environmental factors there was predominance of acute respiratory diseases. The mean incidence rate of the period was of 8.4 x 100 000 inhabitants. Conclusions: the disease's incidence over the period was higher in relation to the previous studies conducted in our country with a displacement towards early ages(AU)