A Study of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Relation to Ankle Brachial Pressure Index

Background : India shares a considerable share of the Global Disease Burden of Diabetes Mellitus which is a major public health concern. Among the many Vascular Complications of Diabetes, Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is one and a major cause of Foot Related Disorders in Diabetics. The Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) is an efficient tool for objectively documenting the presence of lower extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD).The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of PAD in Diabetic Patients in a teaching hospital using ABPI.Materials and Methods : A total number of 100 cases of Type 2 Diabetic patients who were more than 40 years of age were included in the study after fulfilment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index was measured in all and used to assess PAD. ABPI value of <0.9 was taken as indicative of PAD. Results : The prevalence of PAD using a ABPI Value of <0.9 was 31%. A significant association of PAD was found with duration of disease, hypertension, smoking and glycemic control.Conclusion : Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is more commonly associated with Diabetes Mellitus than is generally thought. ABPI (Ankle Brachial Pressure Index) is a simple, noninvasive and cost-effective method for early detection of PAD.

Compuestos fenólicos y su efecto en las dislipidemias en seres humanos: Una revisión sistemática

RESUMEN Las muertes por enfermedades del corazón y otras patologías cardiovasculares han aumentado en las últimas décadas. Dentro de los principales factores que pueden desencadenar las enfermedades cardíacas se encuentran las dislipidemias, trastornos que afectan directamente la capacidad de irrigación sanguínea a través del desarrollo de ateromas en el sistema cardiovascular. Se ha propuesto que la ingesta de compuestos fenólicos tiene un importante efecto antilipidémico, hecho que sugiere una cualidad de prevención y protección del compuesto contra estas enfermedades. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un análisis de la información relacionada con el tratamiento que incluye la utilización de los compuestos fenólicos sobre parámetros de dislipidemias en seres humanos; comparando la muestra, los componentes y los resultados ante este tipo de trastornos. Aunque el número de artículos que incorporan esta relación es diverso, esta revisión sistemática explora las investigaciones que se han realizado sobre una posible reacción benéfica en el metabolismo del ser humano. La búsqueda se realizó en dos bases de datos: PubMed y Web of Science, que arrojaron un total de 2.229 artículos potenciales, de los que se excluyeron 2.194 restando 35 artículos para la revisión. En conjunto, los resultados mostraron que, si bien se han comprobado ciertas propiedades benéficas de los compuestos fenólicos como isoflavonas, taninos, teaflavinas y antocianinas sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares, específicamente en las dislipidemias en un paradigma de estudio muy amplio, aún es difícil conjugar resultados concluyentes. En estas circunstancias, la información disponible resulta un punto de referencia para seguir indagando en la acción de los compuestos fenólicos sobre este tipo de patologías.

ABSTRACT Deaths from heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases have increased in recent decades. Among the main factors that lead to the development of heart disease is dyslipidemia, which are disorders that directly affect the blood supply through the development of atheroma in the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed that phenolic compound intake has an important antilipidemic effect, a fact that suggests a preventive and protective characteristic against these diseases. The objective of this work is to present an analysis of the information related to treatment that includes the use of phenolic compounds on dyslipidemia parameters in humans; comparing samples, the components and the results of these types of disorders. Although the number of articles exploring this relationship is diverse, this systematic review explores the data related to a possible beneficial reaction of human metabolism. The search was carried out in two databases: PubMed and Web of Science, where a total of 2229 potential articles were obtained, of which 2194 were excluded, leaving 35 articles for review. Altogether, the results showed that, although there are certain beneficial properties of phenolic compounds such as isoflavones, tannins, theaflavins and anthocyanins that have been proven beneficial for cardiovascular diseases, for dyslipidemia specifically, it is still difficult to combine conclusive results. In these circumstances, the available information indicates the necessity to continue investigating the action of phenolic compounds on these types of pathologies.

Health problems in geriatric population of age group ≥70 years in rural Kerala, India: a cross sectional study

Background: The proportion of elderly population is increasing considerably world over. The health and socio-economic issues of this section is to be considered separately and in depth insights about them is needed for formulating elderly friendly health policy. This study intends toidentify the important health concerns of elderly population above the age group of 70 years in a rural area in North Kerala, India.Methods: It is a community based cross-sectional descriptive study involving all individuals above the age group of 70 years in a randomly selected panchayath ward from rural North Kerala. The data regarding demography, socioeconomic aspects, medical history, access to health care and treatment of chronic illnesses were collected through interview of study participants by a trained health care volunteer using a pre-validated questionnaire.Results: A total of 93 individuals above the age group of 70 years were included in the study out of which 63% were females and 37% males. In the study population 55.9% of the elderly were widowed and 87.1 % were staying along with their children. Almost 75% of the elderly received social welfare pension from government agencies and 14.3% received service pensions. 67.74% of the study population were hypertensive and 35.56% were diabetic. Other health issues included arthritis, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, genito urinary symptoms and cerebrovascular accident.Conclusion:  The study provide valuable insights into the health and social issues of elderly in Kerala and points to the importance of formulating an elderly friendly health policy in the state.

Prevalência de penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal na Doença de Parkinson em centro especializado de reabilitação / Prevalence of penetration and aspiration in Parkinson's disease in rehabilitation center / Prevalencia de penetración y aspiración en la Enfermedad de Parkinson en centro especializado de rehabilitación

Introdução: Penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal (PA) são achados clínicos que constituem importante parâmetro na mensuração do risco para a segurança da deglutição devido às possíveis complicações pulmonares. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de penetração e/ou aspiração na Doença de Parkinson (DP) em Centro Especializado de Reabilitação (CER). Método: Estudo clínico observacional retrospectivo. Foram analisados 39 laudos de exames de videoendoscopia da deglutição realizadas em Centro Especializado de Reabilitação "Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP/Marília", no período de 2006 a 2016. Dos 39 (100%) indivíduos, 19 (48,71%) eram do gênero feminino e 20 (51,28%) do gênero masculino, com idade que variou de 43 a 85 anos (média de idade de 71 anos) e somente 29 (74,35%) desses indivíduos apresentavam classificação de Hoehn & Yahr (1967) variando de um a cinco. Realizada análise da PA nas consistências pastosa, líquida espessada e líquida e com volume que variou de 5 a 10 ml segundo a definição proposta por Rosenbek et al, 1996. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste de Fisher. Resultados: Constatou-se que 28 (71,79%) indivíduos não apresentaram penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal e 11 (28,21%) apresentaram. Desses 11 (28,21%), quatro (10,25%) apresentaram penetração/aspiração na consistência pastosa (p=0,05), nove (23,07%) no líquido espessado (p=0,07) e nove (23,07%) no líquido ralo (p=0,02). Conclusão: Na população estudada nesse setting a ausência de PA foi mais frequente e a presença significante apenas no líquido ralo.

Introduction: Laryngotracheal penetration and/or aspiration are clinical findings that are an important parameter in the measurement of the risk for swallowing safety due to possible pulmonary complications. Objective: To identify the prevalence of penetration and/or aspiration in Parkinson's disease (PD) in a Specialized Rehabilitation Center. Method: Retrospective observational clinical study. We analyzed 39 reports of fiberoptic endoscopy swallowing test performed at the Dysphagia Rehabilitation Center "University of São Paulo-UNESP/Marília" from 2006 to 2016. Of the 39 (100%) individuals, 19 (48.71%) were female and 20 (51.28%), ranging from 43 to 85 years old (mean age of 71 years), and only 29 (74.35%) of these individuals presented a classification of Hoehn & Yahr (1967) ranging from one to five. The analysis of the penetration and aspiration was performed in paste, liquid, thickened and liquid consistencies, with a volume varying from 5 to 10 ml according to the definition proposed by Rosenbek et al., 1996. For the statistical analysis Fisher's test was used. Results: It was verified that 28 (71.79%) individuals presented no laryngotracheal penetration and/or aspiration and 11 (28.21%) presented. Of these 11 (28.21%), four (10.25%) presented penetration / aspiration in paste consistency (p = 0.05), nine (23.07%) in the thickened liquid (p = 0.07) and nine (23.07%) in the thin liquid (p = 0.02). Conclusion: In the population studied in this setting, the absence of penetration and/or aspiration was more frequent and the presence was significant only of the liquid.

Introducción: Penetración y/o aspiración laringotraqueal (PA) son hallazgos clínicos que constituyen un importante parámetro en la medición del riesgo para la seguridad de la deglución debido a las posibles complicaciones pulmonares. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de penetración y / o aspiración en la Enfermedad de Parkinson (DP) en Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación (CER). Método: Estudio clínico observacional retrospectivo. Se analizaron 39 casos de exámenes de videoendoscopia de la deglución realizados en Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación "Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP/Marília", del período de 2006 a 2016. De los 39 (100%) individuos, 19 (48,71%) eran del género femenino y 20 (51,28%) del género masculino, con edad que varía de 43 a 85 años (mediana de edad de 71 años) y solamente 29 (74,35%) de estos individuos presentaban clasificación de Hoehn & Yahr (1967) variando de uno a cinco años. Se realizó un análisis de la PA en las consistencias pastosa, líquida espesa y líquida y con volumen que varía de 5 a 10 ml según la definición propuesta por Rosenbek et al, 1996. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Fisher. Resultados: Se constató que 28 (71,79%) individuos no presentaron penetración y / o aspiración laringotraqueal y 11 (28,21%) presentaron. En la mayoría de los casos, se observó una disminución de la producción de leche en la leche materna, (23,07%) en el líquido ralo (p = 0,02). Conclusión: En la población estudiada en ese ajuste la ausencia de PA fue más frecuente y la presencia significante sólo en el líquido.

Gender Differences in Health Status, Health Behavior and Disease Prevalence of Multi-cultural Family / 의료커뮤니케이션

BACKGROUND: This study was to analyze gender differences in health status, health behaviors and disease prevalence of multi-cultural family in order to contribute to health promotion of them.METHODS: This study used raw data from the Korea Community Health Survey(KCHS) which was performed in 2015. Among them, 3,045 multi-cultural family members were included in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients.RESULTS: According to gender, depression and subjective health were different in health status. High risk drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, arthritis, and obesity prevalence rate were higher in males than females significantly(p < .001).CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, it is necessary to establish a public health care program to improve health and welfare of multi-cultural families.

Juvenile Huntington disease in Argentina / Doença de Huntington juvenil na Argentina

ABSTRACT We analyzed demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics of juvenile Huntington disease (JHD) and it frequency in an Argentinean cohort. Age at onset was defined as the age at which behavioral, cognitive, psychiatric or motor abnormalities suggestive of JHD were first reported. Clinical and genetic data were similar to other international series, however, in this context we identified the highest JHD frequency reported so far (19.72%; 14/71). Age at onset of JHD is challenging and still under discussion. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that clinical manifestations, other than the typical movement disorder, may anticipate age at onset of even many years. Analyses of JHD cohorts are required to explore it frequency in populations with different backgrounds to avoid an underestimation of this rare phenotype. Moreover, data from selected populations may open new pathways in therapeutic approaches and may explain new potential correlations between HD presentations and environmental or biological factors.

RESUMO Foram analisadas as características demográficas, clínicas e genéticas de doença de Huntington juvenil (JHD) e na freqüência em uma coorte argentino. A idade de início foi definida como a idade em que distúrbios comportamentais, cognitivos, psiquiátricos ou anormalidades motoras sugestivas de JHD foram relatada pela primeira vez. Os dados clínicos e genéticos foram semelhantes aos de outras séries internacionais, no entanto, neste contexto identificamos a maior freqüência de JHD relatados até agora (19,72%; 14/71). A idade de início de JHD é um desafio ainda em discussão. Nossos resultados reforçam a hipótese de que as manifestações clínicas, além do transtorno de movimento típico, pode antecipar a idade de início em muitos anos. As análises de coortes de JHD são obrigados a explorar frequências em populações com diferentes formações, para evitar uma subestimação deste fenótipo raro. Além disso, os dados de populações selecionadas podem abrir novos caminhos em abordagens terapêuticas e pode explicar novas correlações potenciais entre apresentações de HD e fatores ambientais ou biológicas.

Dietary behaviors of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to document the dietary behaviors, dietary changes, and health status of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea. METHODS: The survey included 92 female immigrants attending Korean language class at a multi-cultural family support center. General characteristics, health status, anthropometric data, dietary behaviors, and dietary changes were collected. RESULTS: Mean age of subjects was 31.3 years, and home countries of subjects were Vietnam (50.0%), China (26.0%), Philippines (12.0%), and others (12.0%). Frequently reported chronic diseases were digestive diseases (13.2%), anemia (12.1%), and neuropsychiatry disorder (8.9%). Seventeen percent of the subjects was obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²). Dietary score by Mini Dietary Assessment was 3.45 out of 5 points. Dietary scores for dairy foods, meat/fish/egg/bean intake, meal regularity, and food variety were low, and those for fried foods and high fat meat intake were also low. Thirty-three percent of subjects answered that they have changed their diet and increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables after immigration. Length of residence in Korea was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Length of residence tends to be positively associated with dietary changes and obesity as well as inversely associated with disease prevalence. CONCLUSION: The study shows that length of residence is inversely related to disease prevalence. However, this association is thought to be due to the relatively short period of residence in Korea and thus the transitional phase to adapting to dietary practices. As the length of residence increases, disease patterns related to obesity are subject to change. Healthy dietary behaviors and adaptation to dietary practices in Korea in female marriage immigrants will not only benefit individuals but also their families and social structure. Therefore, varied, long-term, and target-specific studies on female marriage immigrants are highly needed.

The relationship of ready-to-eat cereal consumption with nutrition and health status in the Korean population based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) consumption with nutrition and health status. Examination of health status for this project included obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL-cholesterolemia, diabetes, anemia, and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Two groups, RTEC consumers and those who did not consume RTEC, were identified using 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Nutritional intakes and risk factors of the two groups were compared using covariates-adjusted statistical procedures. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS survey procedures, and strata, cluster, and weight were considered. Subjects of analysis of nutritional intake were between the ages of 1 and 75, and those considered in the risk factor analysis were between the ages of 19 and 75. RESULTS: Results showed that 3.8% of the Korean population was RTEC consumers. Compared to the subjects who did not intake RTEC, RTEC consumers exhibited significantly higher intakes of calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C. It was also discovered that the percentage of people whose intakes were less than EAR decreased with RTEC consumption. RTEC consumption showed significant association with decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, and serum total cholesterol. Consequently, prevalence of hypertension among RTEC consumers was significantly lower than that among non-consumers, and the odds ratio for hypertension was 0.19 after adjusting the models for covariates. CONCLUSION: Results of this study clearly suggest an association of RTEC consumption with improved nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk profile in Korean adults. Conduct of additional studies will be necessary in order to determine the nature of these relationships.

The British Asian Community Eye Study: Outline of results on the prevalence of eye disease in British Asians with origins from the Indian subcontinent.

Background: Asians from the Indian Subcontinent form the largest ethnic minority in the United Kingdom. Data on the prevalence of visually-impairing eye conditions in this population are vital for planning eye health care services. Materials and Methods: This survey was based in the two London boroughs with the largest Asian populations. Subjects originating from the Indian Subcontinent were identified from GP practice records. All subjects were asked about demographic details and were given a full ophthalmological examination. The severity of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related maculopathy was recorded. Blindness was defined as logMAR visual acuity of 0.99 (Snellen equivalence 20/200 in the better eye) or worse, ‘low vision’ was defined as Snellen equivalence of 20/63 or worse (logMAR 0.5 or higher), and visual impairment was defined as visual acuity worse than 20/40. Results: The median age was 56 years. Two hundred and eighty four subjects did not attend for eye examination. Of the 922 examined, 128 subjects (13.9%) were ‘visually impaired,’ 39 (4.2%) had ‘low vision,’ and 6 (0.7%) were bilaterally blind. The overall prevalence of cataract, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were 77%, 1.0%, 8.7%, and 8.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Visual impairment rates amongst Asians seem to be similar to Caucasian populations in the UK. The prevalence of cataract and diabetic retinopathy is higher, while the risk of ARMD and OAG are comparable. In view of the high cataract prevalence, a more detailed assessment of the visual profile and factors limiting healthcare accessibility in this community are needed.

Health management practices and disease prevalence in dairy sheep systems in Argentina / Práticas de manejo sanitário e frequência de doenças em ovinos leiteiros na Argentina

A cross-sectional survey of 19 dairy sheep farms in Argentina was carried out with the purpose to know farm management, health practices, and occurrence and mortality of diseases. The survey comprised 40 percent of all sheep milking farms in Argentina. A questionnaire was conducted by way of personal interviews with sheep owners during farm visits. The proportions of farms reporting routine vaccination for clostridial diseases, contagious ecthyma, pneumonia and mineral and vitamin parenteral administration were 63 percent, 47.3 percent, 16.6 percent and 42.1 percent respectively. Regular treatment against lice was used in 37.5 percent of the farms, and 89.5 percent o the farmers treated against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). The mean number of GIN drenches per farm was 2.26±1.78 annually. In 68.4 percent of the milking flocks the California Mastitis Test was regularly done and 55.6 percent of the farmer managers had sampled their flocks once a year for Brucella ovis antibodies. During the pre-mating period respectively 68.4 percent and 50 percent of farmers clinically examined their rams and ewe for general health and teeth condition. The udders of ewes were frequently inspected at the start of each milking period. The most important parasite problems noticed were GIN (reported by 57.9 percent of farmers), lice (57.9 percent) and scabies (10.5 percent) and the most frequent infectious diseases were ecthyma (73.7 percent), pneumonia and other respiratory problems (57.9 percent), clinical mastitis (55.6 percent), clostridial diseases (36.9 percent) and foot lameness (35.2 percent). Photosensitivity (47.4 percent) and ruminal acidosis (42.1 percent) were reported as other frequent toxic or metabolic disorders. Owners mentioned that the mean lifespan or milk productive time per ewe was 4.5±1.4 years. Perinatal lamb mortality was 8.5 percent and the total flock mortality rates, above the first 24 h of life was 6.9 percent. ...

Foi realizado um levantamento longitudinal em 19 fazendas de ovinos leiteiros na Argentina com o objetivo de conhecer práticas de manejo, medidas sanitárias e ocorrência e freqüência das enfermidades. O levantamento incluiu 40 por cento de todas as fazendas do país que produzem leite ovino. Um questionário foi utilizado com entrevistas pessoais com os ovinocultores durante visita às fazendas. A percentagem de fazendas que relataram vacinação rotineira contra clostridioses, ectima contagioso, pneumonia e administração parenteral de minerais e vitaminas foi 63 por cento, 47,3 por cento, 16,6 por cento e 42,1 por cento, respectivamente. Parte dos produtores (37,5 por cento) realizava tratamento regularmente contra piolhos e 89,5 por cento contra nematódeos gastrintestinais. O número médio de tratamentos anti-helmínticos anuais, por fazenda, era de 2,26+1,78. Em 68,4 por cento dos rebanhos leiteiros o Califórnia Mastite Teste (CMT) era regularmente realizado e 55,6 por cento dos produtores colhiam amostras de seus rebanhos uma vez por ano para diagnóstico de Brucella ovis. Durante o período de pré-acasalamento 68,4 por cento e 50 por cento dos produtores examinavam clinicamente seus carneiros e a condição geral e de dentes de suas ovelhas. O úbere das ovelhas era geralmente inspecionado no início da ordenha. Os principais problemas parasitários eram nematódeos gastrintestinais (mencionado por 57,9 por cento dos produtores), piolhos (57,9 por cento) e sarna (10,5 por cento) e as doenças infecciosas mais frequentes foram ectima contagioso (73,7 por cento), pneumonia e outros problemas respiratórios (57,9 por cento), mastite clínica (55,6 por cento), clostridioses (36,9 por cento) e laminite (35,2 por cento). Fotossensibilização (47,4 por cento) e acidose ruminal (42,1 por cento) foram relatadas como as principais desordens tóxicas ou metabólicas. Na visão dos produtores, a expectativa de vida produtiva ou o tempo de produção de leite por ovelha ...