Factores socioambientales que facilitan la propagación del dengue

RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad se considera que millones de seres humanos viven en países expuestos a la enfermedad del dengue como uno de los principales problemas de salud en el mundo, así como causa de mortalidad. Objetivos: Identificar los factores socios ambientales que facilitan la propagación del dengue. Métodos: Estudio correlacional en 5 consultorios médicos del consejo popular "La Matilde", perteneciente al policlínico docente "Adrián Sansaricq", municipio Artemisa. El universo fue de 165 pacientes que durante el periodo de estudio (2017-2019) presentaron diagnósticos positivos o de sospecha de haber contraído dengue; el tipo de muestra fue probabilística estratificada, conformada por 150 pacientes mayores de 18 años. Los métodos utilizados: teóricos (análisis y síntesis, hipotético-deductivo); empíricos (observación abierta, análisis de documentos y entrevista cuestionario); estadísticos- matemáticos. Resultados: Prevalecieron los grupos de edades más entre 18 a 27 años y 38 a 47 años; con predominio del sexo masculino y nivel de escolaridad de preuniversitario concluido. La protección de fuentes de abasto de agua en las viviendas tendió a ser de regular a mala y existieron áreas con presencia de vertederos y microvertederos. Conclusiones: Las áreas que más pacientes enfermos aportaron fueron los consultorios 1 y 5, en la estación primaveral, donde la recogida de residuales sólidos es el factor macrodeterminante social más identificado. Las fuentes de abasto de agua en las viviendas tienen inadecuada protección. Se elabora un plan de acción encaminado al cumplimiento de las medidas higiénicas sanitarias.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is currently considered that millions of human beings live in countries exposed to dengue disease, one of the main global health problems and a leading cause of mortality. Objectives: Identify the socioenvironmental factors that facilitate the spread of dengue. Methods: A correlational study was conducted at five consultation offices of Adrián Sansaricq university polyclinic in La Matilde people's council, municipality of Artemisa. The study universe was 165 patients with positive diagnoses or suspicion of dengue during the study period (2017-2019), from which a sample of 150 patients aged over 18 years was selected by stratified probability sampling. The methods used were theoretical (analysis-synthesis, hypothetical-deductive), empirical (open observation, document analysis and interview questionnaire), and statistical-mathematical. Results: The age groups 18-27 and 38-47 years prevailed, with a predominance of male sex and completed senior highschool. Protection of household water supplies ranged from fair to poor, and dumpsites and microdrumpsites were found in several areas. Conclusions: The areas contributing the largest number of patients were Consultation Offices 1 and 5 during the spring season, while solid waste collection was the social macrodeterminant most commonly identified. Household water supply sources were found to be inadequately protected. An action plan was developed aimed at compliance with hygienic-sanitary measures.

Studies on Some Pedological Indices, Nutrient Flux Pattern and Plant Distribution in Metropolitan Dumpsites in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State.

The physical and chemical properties of soils and plants distribution in metropolitan dumpsites in Uyo, Nigeria were studied. Soil samples were collected from two popular dumpsites and analysed using standard scientific procedures. The Results showed that there were slight desparities in the nutrient profile of these dumpsites. Generally, the nutrients levels were high and soil heavy metals concentration were found to be within permissible limits. This study also revealed the monospecific nature of dumpsite 1 and higher species presence corresponding with increased nutrient levels in dumpsite site 2. This study encourages the use of dumpsites soils for agricultural purpose(s) when the soil heavy metal falls within permissible range.

The Role of EDTA on Heavy Metals Phytoextraction by Jatropha gossypifolia Grown on Soil Collected from Dumpsites in Ekiti State Nigeria.

Jatropha gossypifolia has been known to thrive well in tropical climate, most importantly in Nigeria where they are found to grow naturally on dumpsites. The potential use of this robust tropical plant in phytoremediation technology should be advocated especially for developing countries. This study investigates the effect of enhanced phytoextraction on the accumulation of the following heavy metals; (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co and Sn) by J. gossypifolia cultivated on soil collected from dumpsites in Ekiti state, South Western Nigeria, with application of 1g/kg EDTA (Experiment) and without (control). Application of 1g/kg EDTA did not adversely affect plant growth, except at preflowering stage where were yellowing of leaves. The concentration of heavy metals in tissues of plant were higher in the experiment than control, with concentration of Pb (376.0, 350.0, 355.2 and 328 mg/kg; experiment, 184.0, 180.0, 169.0 and 159.0 mg/kg; control), Cu ( 962.0, 958.0, 898.0 and 818.0; experiment, 650.0, 526.0 464.2 and442.0 mg/kg; control) and Cd (416.8, 418.2, 399.0 and 377.5; experiment, 167.3, 164.2, 147.8 and 142.2 mg/kg) at Aba Egbira, Atikankan, Igbehin and Moshood street dumpsites respectively in the shoot of the plant. Highest concentrations of heavy metals were obtained in leaves of the plant. Notably, concentration of Pb, Cu and Cd were greater than the threshold value of 100mg/kg, indicative of the fact that J. gossypifolia could be a good candidate for Pb, Cu and Cd-phytoextraction. Bioaccumulation factor (BF), translocation factor (TF) and remediation ratio (RR) values greater than one also revealed the effectiveness of the plant to translocate Pb, Cu and Cd to their harvestable portion and phytoextraction efficiency under the chelant-assisted phytoremediation. However, the concentration of heavy metals did not vary significantly at p<0.05, least significant difference (LSD test) in all dumpsites investigated. Therefore, the use of J. gossypifolia is advocated as a candidate plant for restoring dumpsites polluted with heavy metals.