Olfactory Performance among Hospital Residents

Abstract Introduction Smell plays an important role in the maintenance of health and quality of life of the general population. Health workers with olfactory impairment may not be able to help diagnose certain diseases, and subsequently increase the risk of hazardous events and mortality among those affected. 'Odor learning' requires repeated experiences with different smells to develop a discriminatory ability, and this is a process that takes years. Because of that, physicians of certain medical specialities have better odor detection than others. Objective To study the olfactory performance and associated factors of otorhinolaryngology residents compared with residents of different medical specialities in a representative sample of a tertiary hospital. Methods The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to compare olfactory performance. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected among 42 hospital residents. Results Otorhinolaryngology residents presented an average UPSITscore of 35.0, and the other residents, a score of 32.8 (p = 0.02) Of all the residents, 40.5% showed some grade of olfactory impairment. Half of the females students in the first year of residency showed olfactory dysfunction. The multivariate analyses found age (p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval for β = 0.33) to be an independent predictor of the UPSIT score. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that otorhinolaryngology residents have greater olfactory capacity compared with other residents. Future studies should explore the relevant factors of olfactory impairment and its impact on quality of life in this population.

Quantitative study of diffusion kurtosis imaging in Parkinson disease with dysosmia / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective　To investigate the microstructure changes of brain regions of interest in patients with Parkinson disease with dysosmia using diffusion kurtosis imaging.Methods　DKI scanning was performed in 16 patients with dysosmia and 21 patients without dysosmia.Supramarginal gyrus,postcentral gyrus,heschl gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus were selected as regions of interest.Results　The values of FA,KFA,AK and RK in the region of interest in the Parkinson disease group with dysosmia were significantly lower than those without dysosmia (P<0.05);the values of AD,MD and RD in the region of interest in the Parkinson disease group with dysosmia were significantly higher than those without dysosmia (P<0.05);There was a close correlation between the olfactory score and the right supramarginal gyrus,postcentral gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral heschl gyrus in the Parkinson disease group with dysosmia (P<0.05).Conclusion　DKI parameters can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of dysosmia in Parkinson disease.

Clinical application and mechanism exploration on dysosmia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

Dysosmia affects not only odour identification, but also memory, appetite, immunity and affection. Moreover, it suggests the occurrence of some diseases. The etiology of dysosmia is various and the treatment with western medicine is limited. In this paper, by analyzing the relevant research articles on olfactory disorders treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion, the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion, the thought of its diagnosis and treatment as well as relevant effect mechanism were explored. It is anticipated to provide the clinical physicians with the references to the treatment of dysosmia.

Advances in Adult Neurogenesis in Mammal Subventricular Zone / 现代生物医学进展

Neurogenesis is a process in which the neuronal stem cells differentiate into functional neurons including the cell proliferation,differentiation and migration.Previously,it was believed that neurogenesis is a prenatal process and the adult ependymal cells are incapable of regeneration.Now it is clear that mammalian brain retains the ability to generate new ceils in specific regions.One of the regions is subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,new generated neurons and glial cells later migrate to olfactory and repair dysosmia through the RMS road.Here we will review the advances in adult neurogenesis in mammal subventficular zone.

Modified nasal septum root mucoperiosteum incision of pituitary adenomas via endonasal transsphenoidal approach / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the modified nasal septum root mucoperiosteum incision of pituitary adenomas via endonasal transsphenoidal approach,and reduce the incision-related postoperative complications as rhinorrhagia,septumperforation and dysosmia.Methods Sixteen patients with pituitary adenomas,admitted to and underwent modified nasal septum root mucoperiosteum incision of pituitary adenomas via endonasal transsphenoidal approach in our hospital from January 2013 and June 2013,were chosen in our study.The postoperative nasal complications were observed.The clinical data of them were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of all the 16 patients,total or subtotal removal rate was 93.8％.Rhinorrhagia or septumperforation did not appear.Dysosmia was not appeared in 15 patients with normal olfactory function;one patient had preoperative olfactory dysfunction,without getting worsen three months after surgery.Conclusion The reformative nasoseptal root mucoperiosteum incision of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas can maintain the integrality of sphenopalatine artery and nasoseptal olfactory mucosa,and decrease the incidence of postoperative nasal complications,such as rhinorrhagia,septumperforation and dysosmia.

Advance in Dysosmia and the Early Neurodegenerative Diseases (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

There are a large amount of neural stem cells in the olfactory system which have an active proliferation, ongoing and direc-tional differentiation and migration in order to adapt to the changing environment. The clinical findings showed that the early stages of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease all presented dysosmia. In recent years, the relationship be-tween air pollution and dysosmia attracts public concerns. This article introduced some research progresses in this field.