Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) for Growth and Pod Yield in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

This experiment was conducted at a Horticulture research farm in the year 2021. Nine genotypes of cowpea were procured from IIVR, Varanasi viz AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-1, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-2, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-3, AVT 2021/ COPBVAR-4, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-7, GOMATI, KASHI KANCHAN. The experiment was laid in simple RBD with thrice replications. The observations were recorded on different traits. AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of earliness viz days to first flowering (33.33 days) and days to 50% flowering (38.67 days), AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5 was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of yield parameters viz. yield per plant (168.03g) and yield were (9168.03 q/h).

Study on Genetic Parameters and Character Association in Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxb.)

The experiment was carried out on Genetic variability and character association in eight genotypes of Ridge Gourd with three replications during summer season 2021-22 at the Research Field of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India. The observations were recorded on various yield and yield contributing characters of ridge gourd. The results from the present investigation revealed that on the basis of Based on mean performance for fruit yield per plant (2.17 kg) and fruit yield (88.35 q/ha), genotypes IET 2021/RIGVAR-6 were considered suitable genotypes in Prayagraj climatic condition. Coefficient of variation revealed that high magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for Fruit yield/ ha (q) and Average fruit weight (g). The heritability estimates were found to be high (greater than 60%). The genetic advance and genetic advance as a percentage of mean estimates were found to be significant (more than 20%). Genotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield /ha (kg) showed positive significant association with Fruit length (cm) (0.024**), Fruit diameter (cm) (0.971**), Number of fruit per plant (0.331**), Average fruit weight (g) (0.940**) at genotypic level. Whereas Phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield /ha (kg) showed positive significant association with Fruit length (cm) (0.347**), Fruit diameter (cm) (0.999**), Number of fruit per plant (0.653**), Average fruit weight (g) (0.999**) at phenotypic level.

Advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper with potential for mechanical harvesting / Linhagens avançadas de pimenta Jalapeño com potencial para a colheita mecanizada

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the plant and fruit characteristics in advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper for mechanical harvesting. Thus, two experiments were carried out in the field. Experiment I (2015) was conducted as a randomized block design (three replications and eight plants per plot) and Experiment II (2016) in a completely randomized design (five replications and ten plants per plot). In 2015, lines CNPH 30,112, CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, CNPH 30,183, and CNPH 30,245 were evaluated, together with the control 'BRS Sarakura'. Significant differences were detected for fruit and plant characteristics (P<0.05). Lines CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, and CNPH 30,245 were selected based on plant height and height of the first bifurcation, earliness, and yield. They were evaluated again in 2016, together with 'BRS Sarakura' and 'Jalapeño Plus F1' as controls. In 2016, CNPH 30,159 and CNPH 30,118 were selected due to their potential for mechanical harvesting. They were evaluated for height of the first bifurcation (>10cm), large fruits (11 cm x 4 cm), high pulp firmness (11 N), wall thickness (about 5mm), and content of capsaicinoid substances (>50,000 SHU). Selected lines are undergoing additional field evaluation for mechanical harvesting with the Etgar Moses 1010 pepper harvester.

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características de planta e fruto em linhagens avançadas de pimenta do tipo Jalapeño visando à colheita mecanizada. Assim, foram feitos dois experimentos em campo. O Experimento I (2015) foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados (três repetições e oito plantas por parcela) e o Experimento II (2016) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (cinco repetições e dez plantas por parcela). Em 2015, foram avaliadas as linhagens CNPH 30,112, CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, CNPH 30,183 e CNPH 30,245, juntamente com o controle 'BRS Sarakura'. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas para as características de planta e fruto (P<0,05). As linhagens CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159 e CNPH 30,245 foram selecionadas com base nas alturas da planta e da primeira bifurcação, precocidade e rendimento. Elas foram novamente avaliadas em 2016, juntamente com os controles 'BRS Sarakura' e 'Jalapeño Plus F1'. Em 2016, as linhagens CNPH 30,159 e CNPH 30,118 foram selecionadas com potencial para a colheita mecanizada. Elas foram avaliadas para altura da primeira bifurcação (>10cm), frutos grandes (11 cm x 4cm), polpa de elevada firmeza (11 N), espessura de parede (5mm) e teor de substâncias capsaicinóides (>50.000 SHU). As linhagens selecionadas estão passando por avaliação adicional em campo para colheita mecânica com a colhedora de pimentas Etgar Moses 1010.

Uso de mutações induzidas e cruzamentos recíprocos no incremento da variabilidade genética para o caráter ciclo vegetativo em triticale / Use of induced mutations and reciprocal crosses in the improvement of genetic variability for heading date in triticale

O triticale, por ser uma espécie recente e desenvolvida artificialmente, possui uma estreita base genética. O estudo de mecanismos que contribuem para o incremento da variabilidade genética é de grande importância para o melhoramento do triticale e na expansão do seu cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para ampliar a variabilidade genética do caráter ciclo vegetativo em triticale. Cruzamentos recíprocos e mutações induzidas pela radiação gama, nas doses de 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 kR foram testados nas cultivares BR4 e EMBRAPA18 de triticale. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um acréscimo do ciclo vegetativo para a maioria dos tratamentos. Houve incrementos significativos nas variâncias para ambas as cultivares nas duas gerações estudadas. Houve alterações nas médias e distribuições de freqüência na maioria dos tratamentos. As maiores alterações ocorridas nas variâncias sugerem que um grande número de genes de pequeno efeito foram atingidos, incrementando as classes genotípicas. Embora a recombinação e a segregação de genes tenha sido superior para o incremento do ciclo, classes genotípicas com menor ciclo foram observadas, principalmente para o tratamento 40 kR, sendo viável a seleção de indíviduos com maior precocidade. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade do uso destas técnicas para ampliar a variabilidade genética do caráter ciclo vegetativo, aumentando a probabilidade de êxito na seleção.

Triticale as a recent and artificially developed species has a narrow genetic basis. The study of mechanisms that contibute to the increase of genetic varibility has great importance to triticale breeding and its crop expansion. The objective of this study was to compare efficiency of different methods of improving genetic variability for heading date in triticale. Hibridization and induced mutation by gamma radiation (5, 10, 20 and 40 kR dosis) were tested in the cultivars BR4 and EMBRAPA18 of triticale. For most of the treatments the results showed an increasing on the number of days to heading. There were significative increase on variances for BR4 and EMBRAPA18 in the two generations studied and alterations in the means and frequency distributions Changes that ocurred on variances suggest that a large number of minor genes with small effects were modified, contribuiting for increasing genotipic classes. Although recombination and gene segregation had been superior for lateness, genotipic classes with earlier heading date were observed, specially for the treatment 40 kR, showing feasible select early individuals. Results revealed possibility to enlarge genetic variability, enhancing efficiency of selection.