Distribution of inflammatory cells in early atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To analyze the composition of immune cells in the inflammatory microenvironment of early atherosclerotic mice.Methods ApoE mice fed with high fat diet were userl to establish early athero¬sclerotic mouse model, and C57BL/6 mice fed normal diet were used as control.Oil red 0 staining, Masson's staining anrl biochemical analyzer were used to evaluate the success of the model construction.Infiltration of in¬nate immune cells and adaptive immune cells in aorta, peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of mice was detected and analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with C57 mice, lipids infiltration in aortic root of ApoE mice increased and lipids level signifi¬cantly increased ( P < 0.01 ).Compared with those of C57 mice, the proportions of neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells and monocytes/macrophages in the aorta and peripheral blood of ApoE mice signifi¬cantly increased (P < 0.05 ) and the infiltrated mono¬cytes/ macrophages were mainly pro-inflammatory M1 monocytes/macrophages ( P < 0.05 ).The percentages of infiltrating CD3 4 T cells, Thl7 cells and Tel7 cells in the aorta, peripheral bloorl and spleen of ApoE mice significantly increased ( P < 0.05) or had an in¬creasing tendency.Conclusions At the early stage of atherosclerosis, a variety of innate immune cells and a- daptive immune cells promote the formation of inflam¬matory microenvironment, which plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis.

Remodelamento de partículas lipoprotéicas de alta densidade (HDL) e atividade antioxidante entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos com doença aterosclerótica coronária / Remodeling of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL) and antioxidant activity between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease

sendo a doença aterosclerótica a de maior morbimortalidade. Além disso, a aterosclerose pode manifestar-se precocemente dada a presença de dislipidemias, processos inflamatórios e alterações metabólicas como a diabetes. OBJETIVO: avaliar se existem diferenças no remodelamento da HDL e atividade antioxidante entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos com doença aterosclerótica. Ainda, identificar, quantificar e estimar biomarcadores relacionados ao remodelamento de partículas lipoprotéicas e ao risco cardiovascular em função da concentração de colesterol na HDL, colesterol livre total,LDL-C, apoB, apoA-I, atividade da paraoxonase 1 (PON1), razões de risco como TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/ApoB, HDL-C/apoA-I, PON1/apoA-I, apoA-I/ApoB e tamanho estimado de partículas de HDL, LDL, glicemia, insulina e HbA1c. MÉTODOS: foram selecionados por conveniência 69 pacientes do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 75 anos,oriundos da enfermaria de cardiologia do Hospital Ana Neri, subdivididos em dois subgrupos: diabéticos e não diabéticos, ambos, com doença aterosclerótica coronária.Foram utilizadas metodologias enzimáticas, imunoturbidimétricas e nefelometricas nesse estudo. RESULTADOS: dos achados da comparação direta entre os grupos apenas a glicemia de jejum foi significativamente diferente (Teste t; p<0,05). Embora não significante o valor do colesterol não esterificado (CL) foi, em média, quatro vezes maior nos diabéticos quando comparado aos não diabéticos. A análise de correlação linear mostrou achados importantes do ponto de vista fisiológico, como correlação positiva entre CL e HDL-C (r=0,617; p<0,01083) e razão apoA-I/apoB e insulina (r=0,489; p<0,02095) nos diabéticos, e correlação negativa entre PON1/apoA-I com CL (r=-0,499; p<0,0065) e HDL-C com HbA1c (r=-0,444; p<0,0324) nos pacientes não diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados desse estudo mostram que o cálculo das razões utilizadas para a análise de risco cardiovascular foram importantes indicadores quando correlacionados com marcadores séricos sugestivos de risco cardiovascular na população masculina diabética deste estudo.

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases affect thousands of people around the world, and atherosclerotic disease is the one with the greatest morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, atherosclerosis may manifest early by the presence of dyslipidemia, inflammatory processes and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Objective: to assess whether there are differences between HDL remodeling and antioxidant activity from diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Also, identify, quantify and evaluate biomarkers related to lipoprotein particles remodeling and cardiovascular risk depending on HDL cholesterol concentration, total free cholesterol, LDL-C, apoB, apoA-I, paraoxonase activity 1 (PON1), and risk ratios like TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/ApoB, HDLC/apoA-I, PON1/apoA-I, apoA-I/ApoB, HDL and LDL estimated particles size, glucose, insulin and HbA1c. Methods: we selected by convenience 69 male patients between 18 and 75 years, from the Cardiology Unit of Hospital Ana Neri, they were subdivided into two groups: diabetic and non-diabetic patients, both with coronary atherosclerosis. In these study were used enzymatic, immunoturbidimetric and nephelometric methodologies. Results: From the findings of the direct comparison between groups only fasting glucose was significantly different (t test; p <0.05). Although not significant, the value of non-esterified cholesterol (CL) was on average, four times higher in diabetics when compared to non-diabetics. Linear correlation analysis showed significant findings, from a physiological point of view, as positive correlation between CL and HDL-C (r = 0.617, p <0.01083) and apoA-I ratio/apoB and insulin (r = 0.489, p <0.02095) in diabetics, and negative correlation between PON1/apoA-I with CL (r = -0.499; p <0.0065) and HDL-C with HbA1c (r = -0.444; p <0.0324) in patients non-diabetic. Conclusion: the findings shows that the calculated ratio´s used for cardiovascular risk analysis were important indicators when correlated to serum markers suggestive of cardiovascular risk in the study diabetic male population.

Lactancia materna y su relación con el exceso de peso corporal en adolescentes de secundaria básica / Breastfeeding and its relation to corporal excess weight in secondary school adolescents

Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad, factores de riesgo aterosclerótico, se incrementan de manera creciente en todas las edades. Las trasgresiones de la lactancia materna han sido relacionadas frecuentemente con el exceso de peso. Objetivos: contribuir al esclarecimiento de la relación entre la duración de la lactancia materna y el exceso de peso (sobrepeso y obesidad) en adolescentes. Métodos: estudio observacional de casos y controles en 344 adolescentes que estudian en la Secundaria Básica Urbana Benito Juárez del área de salud del policlínico Antonio Guiteras Holmes en La Habana Vieja, realizado entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2006. A todos los estudiantes se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas de peso corporal, talla y circunferencia de cintura. El grupo control se conformó con los estudiantes normopeso. La asociación estadística entre la duración de la lactancia materna y el exceso de peso corporal se determinó mediante el cálculo de odds ratio con un nivel de significación de p< 0,05. Resultados: se constató el 14 por ciento de sobrepeso y el 4 por ciento de obesidad. El 16,6 por ciento de los excedidos en peso no recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva. Se encontró asociación significativa entre duración de la lactancia materna y el exceso de peso (odd ratio= 5,8). Conclusiones: la no presencia o poco tiempo de duración de la lactancia materna constituyen una posible señal de aterosclerosis temprana al predecir el riesgo de exceso de peso en edades futuras, lo que permite encaminar estrategias adecuadas para su prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces...

Introduction: the excess weight and obesity are atherosclerosis risks increasing in all ages. Transgressions of breastfeeding have been related frequently to excess weight. Objectives: to contribute to clearing up of relation between the length of breastfeeding and the excessive body weight (excess weight and obesity) in adolescents. Methods: this is an observational study of cases and controls conducted in 344 adolescents studying in "Benito Jußrez" Urban Secondary School (UBS) from health area of Antonio Guiteras Holmes Polyclinic in Habana Vieja (January, 2005 to January, 2006). In all students we made anthropometry measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference. Control group included students with normal weight. Statistical association between breastfeeding and corporal excess weight was determined by odds ratio calculus con a 95 percent accuracy. Results: it was verified the 14 percent of excess weight and the 4 percent of obesity. The 16,6 percent of those with excess weight had not exclusive breastfeeding. There was a significant association between breastfeeding length and the excess weight (odd ratio= 5,8). Conclusions: the non-presence or the short time of breastfeeding length are a potential signal of early atherosclerosis predicting the excess weight risk in future ages, allowing to direct proper strategies for its early prevention, diagnosis and treatment...

Exceso de peso corporal e hipertensión arterial en adolescentes de secundaria básica / Corporal excess weight related to high blood pressure in adolescent students of secondary school

Introducción: el exceso de peso y la hipertensión arterial constituyen factores de riesgo aterosclerótico cuyas prevalencias se incrementan de forma creciente a nivel global, cada vez en edades más tempranas. Objetivos: contribuir al esclarecimiento de la relación entre el exceso de peso (sobrepeso y obesidad) y la tensión arterial elevada en adolescentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en 344 jóvenes entre 12 y 16 años de edad, estudiantes de la Secundaria Básica Urbana Benito Juárez del área de salud del policlínico Antonio Guiteras Holmes en La Habana Vieja, entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2006. A todos los estudiantes se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas de peso corporal, talla y circunferencia de la cintura. La asociación entre el exceso de peso y las cifras de tensión arterial elevadas se determinó mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significación de p< 0,05. Resultados: se encontró 14 por ciento de jóvenes con sobrepeso y el 4 por ciento con obesidad. La hipertensión arterial (sistólica o diastólica, o ambas) estuvo presente en el 4,7 por ciento de los escolares y la pre-hipertensión en el 18,6 por ciento; ambas se incrementaron con la edad en los dos sexos. Se constató una asociación significativa entre el exceso de peso y la presencia de pre-hipertensión e hipertensión arterial con un valor de Chi cuadrado = 50,43; x² < 0,01. Conclusiones: la relación entre el exceso de peso y la tensión arterial elevada encontrada en adolescentes es un elemento a tener en cuenta para trabajar en las medidas de prevención y control necesarias para revertir el problema y evitar las nefastas consecuencias que pudiera acarrear en edades futuras...

Introduction: the excess weight and high blood pressure are risk atherosclerosclerosis factor whose prevalences increase at global level in earlier ages. Objectives: to contribute to clearing up of relation between the excessive body weight (excess weight and obesity) and the high blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: an observational study was conducted in 344 young people aged between 12 and 16 studying in Benito Juárez Secondary School from health area of Antonio Guiteras Polyclinic in Habana Vieja municipality between January, 2005 and January, 2006. In all students we made anthropometric measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference. The association between excess weight and the figures of high blood pressure was determined by Chi² test with a value of p < 0,05. Results: there was a 14 percent excess weight and a 4 percent of obesity. High blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) was present in the 4.7 percent of young people and the pre-high blood pressure in the 18.6 percent increasing with age in both sexes. There was a significant association between excess weight and presence of pre-high blood and high blood pressure with a value of Chi²= 50.43; x² < 0,01. Conclusions: relation between excess weight and high blood pressure seen in adolescents tool into account to apply prevention and control measures and to avoid the terrible consequences present in future ages...