Condiciones de salud bucodental en personas adultas mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer: Scoping Review

Introducción: El aumento de la longevidad de las personas ha generado en la última etapa de vida la aparición de enfermedades de tipo multifactorial y relacionadas con el estilo de vida, aumentando la prevalencia de patologías mentales y enfermedades orales. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones de salud oral en personas adultas mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Métodos: Se planteó una revisión de la literatura tipo Scoping Review, determinando una estrategia de búsqueda para tres bases de datos (Pubmed, EbscoHost y LILACS). Fueron incluidos artículos con diseño de corte transversal, cohorte y casos y controles en idioma español, inglés y portugués entre 2011 y 2021. Se realizó la extracción y evaluación del riesgo de sesgo teniendo en cuenta los criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 32 artículos para revisión de texto completo y síntesis cualitativa de la información. Alemania y Estados Unidos presentan mayor cantidad de publicaciones, el sexo femenino predominó como población de estudio. Se observó menor frecuencia de cepillado, mayor cantidad de ausencias dentales en pacientes con demencia por Alzheimer y consecuentemente un mayor uso de prótesis en dicha población. Conclusiones: Es importante fortalecer la relación sistémico-oral de los adultos mayores mediante un manejo interdisciplinario entre el geriatra y el odontólogo.

Introduction. The increase in the longevity of individuals has led to the emergence of multifactorial diseases related to lifestyle during the later stages of life, thereby increasing the prevalence of mental disorders and oral diseases. Objective: To identify oral health conditions in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A Scoping Review literature review was conducted, outlining a search strategy for three databases (Pubmed, EbscoHost, and LILACS). Articles with a cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control design published in Spanish, English, or Portuguese between 2011 and 2021 were included. Extraction and bias risk assessments were performed based on eligibility criteria. Results: Thirty-two articles were selected for full-text review and qualitative synthesis of information. Germany and the United States had the highest number of publications, with females predominating as the study population. A lower frequency of brushing, a higher number of missing teeth in Alzheimer's patients, and consequently higher use of prosthetics were observed in this population. Conclusions: It is essential to strengthening the systemic-oral relationship in older adults through interdisciplinary management involving geriatricians and dentists.

Introdução: O aumento da longevidade das pessoas tem gerado na última fase da vida o aparecimento de doenças multifatoriais e relacionadas ao estilo de vida, aumentando a prevalência de patologias mentais e doenças bucais. Objetivo: identificar as condições de saúde bucal em idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo da literatura, determinando uma estratégia de busca em três bancos de dados (Pubmed, EbscoHost e LILACS). Foram incluídos artigos com desenho transversal, de coorte e de caso-controle em espanhol, inglês e português entre 2011 e 2021. A extração e a avaliação do risco de viés foram realizadas levando-se em conta os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: Trinta e dois artigos foram selecionados para revisão do texto completo e síntese qualitativa das informações. A Alemanha e os Estados Unidos tiveram o maior número de publicações, e a população do estudo era predominantemente feminina. Observou-se menor frequência de escovação, maior número de ausencias odontológicas em pacientes com demência de Alzheimer e, consequentemente, maior uso de dentaduras nessa população. Conclusões: É importante fortalecer a relação sistêmico-oral dos idosos por meio do gerenciamento interdisciplinar entre o geriatra e o dentista.

Modelo de co-construcción intergeneracional de cápsulas comunicacionales en base a comidas tradicionales

Introducción: La valoración de las comidas tradicionales resulta esencial para mantener el patrimonio gastronómico, sin embargo, su divulgación es limitada, por lo que se requiere de estrategias comunicacionales que promuevan la difusión de las culturas inmateriales. Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo de co-construcción de cápsulas comunicacionales intergeneracionales para difundir preparaciones culinarias significativas de personas mayores. Material y métodos: El estudio se enmarca en la investigación aplicada del tipo tecnológico. Se realizó una búsqueda teórica de aspectos relevantes en el uso de cápsulas comunicacionales (videos), así como el uso de TICs en personas mayores, siguiendo los lineamentos del diseño cualitativo a través de un análisis de contenido temático. Luego se construye un modelo, que es validado por profesionales del área gerontológica, para ser aplicado en un proyecto piloto que incluyó a una diada constituida por una persona mayor y un descendiente, los que guiaron y grabaron una entrevista en profundidad focalizada. Resultados: Se co-construyeron 6 videos con preparaciones culinarias tradicionales en el que participaron 5 mujeres y 1 hombre, de las Regiones del Biobío y Metropolitana. Se siguió modelo teórico que incorporó 7 pasos para su elaboración: identificación de diada intergeneracional, capacitación, realización del video, primera edición del video, presentación del video a la diada, edición final y difusión del video en redes sociales. Conclusiones: Como estrategia para un envejecimiento saludable, la realización de un video intergeneracional con una receta preferida se visualiza como una oportunidad para entrelazar cultura, patrimonio y emociones entre los participantes y la comunidad.

Introduction: The appreciation of traditional foods is essential in the maintenance of gastronomic heritage; however, its dissemination is limited, which is why communication strategies are required to promote the dissemination of intangible cultures. Objective: To develop a model for the co-construction of intergenerational communication capsules that allow the dissemination of significant culinary preparations for the elderly. Material and methods: The study is part of an applied technological research. In order to consolidate knowledge and use it for educational purposes, a theoretical search of relevant aspects in the use of communication capsules (videos) was carried out, following the guidelines of qualitative design through thematic content analysis. Then, a model is constructed and validated by professionals from the gerontological area to be applied to a pilot project that included a dyad made up of an elderly person and a descendant, who guided and recorded an in-depth focused interview. Results: A total of 6 videos about traditional culinary preparations made by 5 women and 1 man from the Biobío and Metropolitana Regions were co-constructed. A theoretical model that incorporated 7 steps for its elaboration was followed: identification of intergenerational dyad, training, making of the video, first edition of the video, presentation of the video to the dyad, final edition, and dissemination of the video on social networks. Conclusions: As a strategy for healthy aging, making an intergenerational video with a favorite recipe is seen as an opportunity to intertwine culture, heritage and emotions between participants and the community.

Vulnerabilidade e envelhecimento humano, conceitos e contextos: uma revisão / Vulnerability and human aging, concepts and contexts: a review

O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, cujo objetivo central é discutir o conceito de vulnerabilidade e descrever os estudos acerca da temática vulnerabilidade e envelhecimento humano. Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas CAPES, BVS e PUBMED, utilizando os descritores, vulnerability study, aged, older person, older people, durante o período de janeiro a março de 2019. Utilizou-se 27 publicações para a confecção do presente artigo, organizadas em cinco temáticas distintas: conceito de vulnerabilidade; estudos sobre percepção/significado de vulnerabilidade; estudos teóricos sobre vulnerabilidade; ferramentas e índices de vulnerabilidade; estudos empíricos de prevalência e fatores associados à vulnerabilidade. A literatura dispõe diferentes conceitos para os diferentes contextos aplicáveis à vulnerabilidade. Para o idoso, quase sempre vulnerabilidade está relacionada a incapacidades físicas e dependência. Existem diversas publicações destinadas a adaptar e validar instrumentos. Foram levantados diversos fatores associados à vulnerabilidade, dentre os quais destacaram-se a incapacidade funcional, as doenças crônicas e a depressão.(AU)

This article is an integrative literature review, whose central objective is to discuss the concept of vulnerability and describe studies on the theme of vulnerability and human aging. Searches were carried out on the CAPES, BVS, and PUBMED platforms, using the descriptors, "vulnerability study", "aged", "older person", "older people", from January to March 2019. 27 publications were used for the making of this article, organized into five different themes: the concept of vulner- ability; studies on the perception/meaning of vulnerability; theoretical studies on vulnerability; tools and vulnerability indexes; and empirical studies of prevalence and factors associated with vulnerability. Th literature provides different concepts for the different application contexts of vulnerability. For the elderly, vulnerability is almost always related to physical disabilities and dependence. There are several publications aimed at adapting and validating instruments. Several factors associated with vulnerability were raised, among which, functional disability, chronic diseases, and depression stood out.(AU)

Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides tópicos para o alívio da dor artritica, beneficios para idosos / Non-steroid anti-inflammatory topics for arthritic pain relief, benefits for elderly / Temas antiinflamatorios no esteroides para el alívio del dolor artritico, beneficios para personas mayores

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides tópicos para o alívio da dor artrítica, benefícios para idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados no mês de maio de 2020, mediante consulta às bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS e índice bibliométrico LILACS, acessados por meio do Portal Periódicos da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior, utilizando os descritores: idoso (Aged/elderly), anti-inflamatório não esteroide (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) artrite (Arthritides/Polyarthritis). No qual foram selecionados 13 artigos sem limitador para tempo e idioma. Resultados: Detectou se que as variáveis mais evidenciadas foram: inglês (100%); artigos indexados na MEDLINE/PubMed (69,2%); pais com mais publicações Inglaterra (46%). Destaca-se que 69,3% dos artigos foram ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados; anti-inflamatório tópico mais usado diclofenaco sódico (61,5% seguido do cetoprofeno (38,7%). Conclusão: Concluiu se o diclofenaco e o cetoprofeno apresentam eficácia e segurança no alívio da dor artrítica, e baixa toxicidade cutânea local. (AU)

Objective To identify and analyze topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of arthritic pain, benefits for the elderly. Methods: This is an integrative review carried out on the databases in May 2020, by consulting the MEDLINE / PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and LILACS bibliometric index databases, accessed through the Portal Journals of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, using the descriptors: elderly (Aged / elderly), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non Steroidal) arthritis (Arthritides / Polyarthritis). In which 13 articles were selected without time and language limitations. Results: It was found that the most evident variables were: English (100%); articles indexed in MEDLINE / PubMed (69.2%); parents with the most publications in England (46%). It is noteworthy that 69.3% of the articles were randomized controlled clinical trials; most commonly used topical anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (61.5% followed by ketoprofen (38.7%). Conclusion: Diclofenac and ketoprofen were concluded to be effective and safe in relieving arthritic pain and low local skin toxicity. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos tópicos para el alivio del dolor artrítico, beneficios para los ancianos. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos en mayo de 2020, consultando las bases de datos del índice bibliométrico MEDLINE / PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS y LILACS, a las que se accede a través del Portal Revistas de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior, utilizando los descriptores: artritis de edad avanzada (Ancianos / ancianos), antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (agentes antiinflamatorios, no esteroideos) (artritis / poliartritis). En el que se seleccionaron 13 artículos sin limitaciones de tiempo e idioma. Resultados: se encontró que las variables más evidentes fueron: inglés (100%); artículos indexados en MEDLINE / PubMed (69,2%); padres con más publicaciones en Inglaterra (46%). Es de destacar que el 69,3% de los artículos fueron ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios; diclofenaco sódico antiinflamatorio tópico más utilizado (61.5% seguido de ketoprofeno (38.7%). Conclusión: Se concluyó que el diclofenaco y el ketoprofeno son efectivos y seguros para aliviar el dolor artrítico y la baja toxicidad local de la piel. (AU)

Modelos de cuidados a cuidadores familiares de ancianos al final de la vida / Models of Care for Family Caregivers of Elderly Persons at the End of Life

Introducción: El final de la vida de un anciano es un proceso de vida, cuyo cuidado es protagonizado por el cuidador familiar. Con frecuencia los cuidados profesionales se enfocan hacia la persona que más expresa sus necesidades humanas insatisfechas. Sin embargo, aunque el cuidador familiar expresa sus problemas de salud, los cuidados se muestran insuficientes y desapegados de la teoría. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo teórico de cuidados al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de teoría fundamentada, de enero del 2017 a enero del 2020. Las poblaciones de estudió la conformaron cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado de un anciano al final de la vida. La muestra se determinó por un muestreo no probabilístico y saturación teórica, y quedó conformada por cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad y análisis de discurso como métodos empíricos, lo cual permitió la construcción del paradigma codificado. Resultados: El modelo representa la lógica ideal en la ejecución de acciones en la práctica de enfermería con la aplicación del método científico en el contexto domiciliario durante el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Conclusiones: Se describen las relaciones de coordinación y subordinación entre los elementos del modelo que se constituyen en acciones consecutivas y coherentes durante la práctica de enfermería para el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida(AU)

Introduction: The end of life of an elderly person is a life process whose care corresponds mainly to the family caregiver. Professional care is often focused on the person who most expresses his or her unmet human needs. However, although the family caregiver expresses his or her health problems, care is insufficient and detached from theory. Objective: To design a theoretical model of care for the family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life. Methods: A qualitative grounded theory study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2020. The study populations consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the experience of caring for an elderly person at the end of life. The sample was determined by nonprobabilistic sampling and theoretical saturation, and finally consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the caregiving experience. In-depth interview and discourse analysis were used as empirical methods, which allowed the construction of the coding paradigm. Results: The model represents the ideal logic in the performance of actions as part of nursing practice through the application of the scientific method in the home setting during the care for the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life. Conclusions: The coordination and subordination relationships among the elements of the model are described. Such elements are the consecutive and coherent actions during the nursing practice for the care of the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life(AU)

Perfil socioeconômico da pessoa idosa do município de Viçosa- MG e a relação com o uso das tecnologias digitais / Socioeconomic profile of the elderly person in the municipality of Viçosa MG the relationship with the use of digital technonologies

Este artigo se propôs analisar o perfil socioeconômico da pessoa idosa em Viçosa-MG e a existência da relação entre este e o uso de tecnologias digitais (TD's). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo que empregou a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados a 68 entrevistados. As informações foram analisadas com uso da técnica da estatística descritiva e distribuição de frequências por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados indicaram um aumento do número de pessoas idosas nas faixas de idade mais elevada, com 80 anos ou mais, além de constatar um número maior de mulheres vivendo a viuvez com baixo nível de instrução. Os resultados evidenciaram que existe uma correlação inversa entre cor de pele, nível de instrução e gênero. Além de um aumento no número de arranjos familiares unipessoais, percebeu-se, também, um crescente uso de TD's pelas pessoas idosas entrevistadas, com maior frequência de acesso pelas mulheres. Ademais, verificam-se que as variáveis "renda", "nível de instrução" e "idade" têm relação direta com o acesso as tecnologias digitais. Com relação às variáveis "cor ou raça", "religião", "estado civil", "ocupação" e "unidade doméstica" e o "uso das TD's", constatou-se que não há correlação significativa entre as mesmas, considerando a análise de coeficiente de correlação não paramétrico de Spearman.(AU)

This article proposed to analyze the socioeconomic profile of the elderly person in Viçosa-MG and the existence of the relationship between the profile and the use of digital technologies (TD's). This is a quantitative study that used the application of semi-structured questionnaires to 68 interviewees. The information was analyzed using the technique of descriptive statistics and frequency distribution using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results indicated an increase in the number of elderly people in the older age groups, aged 80 or over, in addition to finding a greater number of women living on widowhood with a low level of education. The results showed that there is an inverse correlation between skin color, education level and gender. In addition to an increase in the number of single-person family arrangements. It was also noticed an increasing use of TD's by the elderly people interviewed, with greater frequency of access by women. In addition, it appears that the variables income, level of education and age have a direct relationship with access to digital technologies. Regarding the variables: color or race, religion, marital status, occupation and domestic unit and the use of TD's, it was found that there is no significant correlation between them, considering Spearman's non- parametric correlation coefficient analysis.(AU)

Condiciones de salud asociadas a discapacidad en adultos mayores de un programa de actividad física / Health conditions associated to disability in older adults attending a physical activity program

Introducción: Existe la tendencia mundial del aumento de población adulta mayor. Colombia no es un país ajeno a esta situación. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones crónicas de salud asociadas al desarrollo de discapacidad en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 322 adultos mayores, seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio estratificado proporcional. Se aplicó la Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento Colombia, en su sección 8, y el WHODAS 2.0, versión de 36 preguntas. Resultados: El 90,4 por ciento de los participantes en el estudio eran mujeres, la mediana de edad fue de 70 años. La media de discapacidad global fue de 9,39 ± 10,2 puntos. La movilidad obtuvo la mayor puntuación 13,80 ± 17,79 (escala de 0-100 puntos) y las de menor puntuación fueron AVD-trabajo remunerado y participación (2,240 ± 11,15 puntos). La hipertensión arterial fue el padecimiento con mayor prevalencia. Los adultos que han sufrido embolias reportaron el mayor nivel de discapacidad (18,395), seguido de los que manifestaron haber tenido algún tipo de alteración mental (14,15 por ciento ). El dominio con mayor significancia estadística fue la participación, más afectada en los adultos con diabetes, ataques al corazón, embolia cerebral, artritis, osteoporosis y cataratas. Conclusiones: Hubo presencia de enfermedades crónicas en los sistemas cardiovascular, pulmonar y músculo-esquelético, aunque se reportaron niveles bajos discapacidad. Las actividades de la vida diaria más complejas son las que primero presentan dificultad; además, la movilidad es crucial para el funcionamiento de los adultos mayores(AU)

Introduction: Increase in the number of older adults is a current worldwide tendency. Colombia is not an exception. Objective: Determine the chronic health conditions associated to the development of disability in older adults from the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 322 older adults selected by proportional stratified random sampling. Data were obtained with the survey Health, Wellbeing and Aging Colombia, section 8, and the tool WHODAS 2.0, 36-item version. Results: Of the participants in the study, 90.4 percent were women; mean age was 70 years. Mean global disability was 9.39 ± 10.2 points. Mobility obtained the highest score (13.80 ± 17.79 on a 0-100 scale), whereas the lowest ranking variables were ADL - paid work and participation (2.240 ± 11.15 points). Arterial hypertension was the most common condition. Patients who had had embolisms reported the highest level of disability (18.395), followed by those reporting having had some sort of mental disorder (14.15 percent). The domain with the greatest statistical significance was participation, which was more affected in adults with diabetes, heart attacks, cerebral embolism, arthritis, osteoporosis and cataract. Conclusions: A presence was observed of chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, though low disability levels were reported. The most complex activities of daily living are the first to present difficulty. On the other hand, mobility is crucial for the functioning of older adults(AU)

Valores de referencia del Senior Fitness Test en mujeres adultas mayores físicamente activas / Reference values of the Senior Fitness Test for physically active elderly women

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento en los adultos mayores puede conducir a la disminución de la condición física funcional. Por ello resulta importante su valoración para poder establecer programas de ejercicio físico que mejoren las capacidades físicas, así como la funcionalidad y calidad de vida en esta población. Objetivo: Establecer los valores de referencia de la condición física funcional en las mujeres físicamente activas pertenecientes a Centros Vida de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 113 mujeres mayores entre 60-85 años. Se evalúo la condición física funcional con el Senior Fitness Test y medidas antropométricas de talla y peso. Los valores de referencia están en percentiles y distribuidos por rangos de edad. Resultados: Según los valores de referencia del Senior Fitness Test, las mujeres de nuestro estudio se encuentran por encima en los valores de fuerza de miembros inferiores y superiores. En la prueba de resistencia cardiovascular y flexibilidad en miembros inferiores y superiores se encuentran por debajo. En los valores de la prueba de agilidad el tiempo de ejecución es mayor. Conclusiones: Se observa una disminución en las capacidades físicas funcionales conforme avanza la edad, sin embargo, la capacidad física que menos disminuye es la fuerza(AU)

Introduction: The aging process may lead to a reduction of functional physical condition in the elderly. Its analysis is therefore necessary to implement physical exercise programs aimed at improving physical capacities, functionality and quality of life in this population. Objective: Establish the reference values for functional physical condition in physically active women from Life Centers in the city of Bucaramanga. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of 113 elderly women aged 60-85 years. Functional physical condition was evaluated with the Senior Fitness Test and anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Reference values are expressed in percentiles and distributed by age ranges. Results: The women in our study are above the reference values of the Senior Fitness Test in upper and lower limb force. Upper and lower limb cardiovascular resistance and flexibility are below SFT reference values. Values for the agility test show a longer performance time. Conclusions: A reduction is observed in functional physical capacities as people grow older. However, force is the physical capacity that diminishes the least(AU)

Relación del insomnio con la calidad de vida en una población de adultos mayores / Relationship of insomnia with quality of life in a population of older adults

Antecedentes: el insomnio es considerado un problema de salud pública por su alta prevalencia, se manifiesta por una percepción subjetiva de insatisfacción por la cantidad del sueño, dificultad para iniciar o mantener el sueño, despertar antes de lo deseado, incapacidad para volver a dormir y que ocurre a pesar de contar con las condiciones adecuadas, presentándose con frecuencia en adultos mayores afectando la calidad de vida, además, altera la funcionalidad física, mental y social de las personas mayores , y es un factor predisponente para deterioro cognitivo y depresión. Objetivo: determinar la relación del insomnio con la calidad de vida en una población de adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio analítico, transversal y comparativo, en una población de 107 adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México, con insomnio y sin insomnio, a los cuales se les aplicó la escala de Atenas para diagnosticar insomnio; como pruebas de tamizaje para deterioro cognitivo el MiniMental de Folstein, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica Yesavage para probable depresión, y para calidad de vida el Cuestionario WHOQoL-BrefdelaOMS. Los datos fueron analizados a través de X2y t de Student y como estimador de riesgos razón de momios con un intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados:laprevalenciadeinsomniofuedel57%;enlascaracterísticassociodemográficas no se encontraron diferencias significativas; en las pruebas de tamizaje, se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de insomnio y depresión (p<0.05); se encontró que los adultos mayores con insomnio tienen 6 veces mayor riesgo de presentar depresión en comparación con los que no lo presentan (RM 7.292.9, IC95%=2.319-22.925, p<0.05); respecto a la relación del insomnio con la calidad de vida, en los pacientes con insomnio fue estadísticamente significativa con un puntaje menor en la calidad de vida global(con insomnio 93 ± 13.7 vs. sin insomnio 102 ± 11.9, p<0.05); en la relación del insomnio y el nivel de calidad de vida, se encontró que los adultos mayores sin insomnio presentan una calidad de vida alta, en comparación con los adultos mayores con insomnio, donde se observó que es promedio (con Insomnio 70% vs. sin insomnio 30%, p<0.05); de acuerdo con los valores promedio de las diferentes dimensiones de la calidad de vida y su relación con el insomnio, se detectó que el grupo con insomnio obtuvo puntajes menores en las dimensiones salud física, aspectos psicológicos, relaciones sociales y medio ambiente observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos; se detectó que el insomnio aumenta el riesgo de percibir la calidad de vida como promedio-mala, primordialmente en las dimensiones salud física, aspectos psicológicos y relaciones sociales. Conclusiones: La población de estudio con insomnio presentó alteración en las 4 dimensiones de la calidad de vida (salud física, aspectos psicológicos, relaciones sociales y medio ambiente).

Background: insomnia is considered as a public health problem because of its high prevalence, is manifested by a subjective perception of dissatisfaction with the amount of sleep, difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, to wake up earlier than desired , inability to go back to sleep. These events happen despite having the suitable conditions, occurring frequently in older adults affecting the quality of life, also alters the physical, mental and social functionality of older people, and it's a predisposing factor for cognitive impairment and depression. Objective: to determine the relationship of insomnia with quality of life in a population of older adults. Methodology: analytical, cross-sectional and comparative study in a population of 107older adults in Mexico City, with insomnia and without insomnia, to which the Athenas scale was applied to diagnose insomnia; as screening tests for cognitive impairment the Folstein Mini Mental, the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale for probable depression, and the WHOQoL-Bref Questionnaire of WHO, for quality of life were used. The data were analyzed using X2and Student's t test,and as an estimator odds ratio risks with a 95%confidence interval. Results: the prevalence of insomnia was 57%; no significant differences were found in sociodemographic characteristics; in the screening tests, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the presence of insomnia and depression (p<0.05); it was found that older adults with insomnia have a 6times greater risk of presenting depression compared to those without it (OR 7,292.9, 95% CI = 2,319-22,925, p<0.05); with respect to the relationship between insomnia and quality of life, in patients with insomnia it was statistically significant with a lower score in global quality of life (with insomnia 93 ± 13.7vs. without insomnia 102 ± 11.9, p <0.05); in the relationship between insomnia and the level of quality of life, it was found that older adults without insomnia have a high quality of life, compared to older adults with insomnia, where it was observed that it is average (with insomnia 70%vs. without insomnia 30%, p<0.05); according to the average values of the different dimensions of quality of life and their relationship with insomnia, it was detected that the group with insomnia obtained lower scores in the dimensions of physical health, psychological aspects, social relations,and environment, observing statistically significant differences between the two groups. Insomnia was found to increase the risk of perceiving quality of life as average-poor, primarily in the dimensions of physical health, psychological aspects, and social relationships. Conclusions: The study population with insomnia presented alteration in the 4dimensions of quality of life (physical health, psychological aspects, social relationships,and environment).

Descripción de los pacientes de 80 o más años intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el laboratorio de electrofisiología en un hospital de tercer nivel / Description of patients aged 80 or older undergoing surgery in the electrophysiology lab of a tertiary care hospital

Resumen Introducción: en una unidad de electrofisiología de un hospital de tercer nivel de Manizales, Caldas, se han atendido pacientes en la cuarta edad; sin embargo, existe poca claridad en la literatura sobre las conductas terapéuticas en este grupo etario. Presentamos nuestra experiencia de atención e intervención en pacientes mayores de 80 años entre el 20 de septiembre de 2017 y 7 de octubre de 2019. Métodos: estudio tipo cohorte longitudinal, se recogió información con base en revisión de historias clínicas. Se realizaron seguimientos telefónicos al tercer y sexto mes del procedimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 80 años intervenidos de cualquier procedimiento en la sala de electrofisiología. Se excluyeron los pacientes sin información sobre los datos de seguimiento. Resultados: se recogieron datos de 75 pacientes llevados a procedimiento. El 62.7% de los pacientes fueron hombres, las edades oscilaron entre 80 y 95 años. 32.7%, de pacientes con diagnóstico de disfunción sinusal. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue hipertensión arterial (92%). El procedimiento más realizado fue el implante de marcapaso bicameral. La mediana del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1 día. EL 70% de los pacientes tuvieron riesgo medio o bajo según la escala CHA2DS2VASc. En el lapso de seis meses se encontró una incidencia acumulada de complicaciones de 4%, con 8% de reconsultas y una mortalidad de 1.3%. Conclusiones: las complicaciones posquirúrgicas, la necesidad y duración de la hospitalización, la tasa de reconsulta y la mortalidad asociada a los procedimientos en este grupo de edad son similares a las observadas en estudios con población menor de 80 años.

Abstract Introduction: fourth age patients have been cared for in the electrophysiology unit of a tertiary care hospital in Manizales, Caldas; however, there is little clarity in the literature regarding therapeutic conduct in this age group. We present our experience of care and intervention in patients over the age of 80 between September 20, 2017 and October 7, 2019. Methods: a longitudinal cohort study in which data was collected from a chart review. Telephone follow up was performed three and six months after the procedure. Patients over the age of 80 who had undergone any procedure in the electrophysiology lab were included. Patients without follow up information were excluded. Results: data were collected on 75 patients undergoing a procedure: 62.7% of the patients were men, ages ranged from 80 to 95, and 32.7% of the patients had a diagnosis of sinus dysfunction. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (92%). The most frequently performed procedure was dual chamber pacemaker implantation. The median hospital stay was one day. Seventy percent of the patients had a medium or low risk according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale. Over a six-month period, a 4% cumulative incidence of complications was found, with 8% reconsultation and 1.3% mortality. Conclusions: postsurgical complications, the need for and length of hospitalization, the rate of reconsultation and the mortality associated with procedures in this age group are similar to those seen in studies of populations under 80 years old.

The Effects of Aquatic Walking on the Blood Pressure of Elderly People / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Aquatic walking, which is influenced by the physical characteristics of water such as buoyancy, resistance, water pressure, and water temperature, is known to be effective for reducing stress on joints and increasing muscular strength. However, there is no consensus on its influence on blood pressure changes in elderly people. To address this uncertainty, we researched the effects of aquatic walking on the blood pressure of elderly people. Study participants were 48 females enrolled in a class to prevent the need for nursing care. In accordance with the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, participants were divided into two groups based on initial blood pressure measurements: a “high blood pressure group” with 27 people and a control group with 21 people. Both groups did the following program once a week for five weeks: 10 minute warmup, 15 minutes of aquatic walking (forward, backward, and sideways walking), 10 minute break, and additional 10 minutes of aquatic walking. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and average blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Results showed that the high blood pressure group showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure after one week, and significant decreases in both diastolic blood pressure and average blood pressure from three weeks onward. No significant change was evident in the control group. However, comparing values measured immediately before and after aquatic walking showed that the control group had a significant post-aquatic walking increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate. Similar significant post-aquatic walking increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate was also evident in the high blood pressure group from five weeks onward, once their measured values had improved. These results suggest that continuing an aquatic walking program will lower the blood pressure of elderly individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, but it is necessary to be attentive to physical condition because blood pressure increases immediately after aquatic walking in non-hypertensive individuals.

The Effects of Aquatic Walking on the Blood Pressure of Elderly People / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Aquatic walking, which is influenced by the physical characteristics of water such as buoyancy, resistance, water pressure, and water temperature, is known to be effective for reducing stress on joints and increasing muscular strength. However, there is no consensus on its influence on blood pressure changes in elderly people. To address this uncertainty, we researched the effects of aquatic walking on the blood pressure of elderly people. Study participants were 48 females enrolled in a class to prevent the need for nursing care. In accordance with the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, participants were divided into two groups based on initial blood pressure measurements: a “high blood pressure group” with 27 people and a control group with 21 people. Both groups did the following program once a week for five weeks: 10 minute warmup, 15 minutes of aquatic walking (forward, backward, and sideways walking), 10 minute break, and additional 10 minutes of aquatic walking. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and average blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Results showed that the high blood pressure group showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure after one week, and significant decreases in both diastolic blood pressure and average blood pressure from three weeks onward. No significant change was evident in the control group. However, comparing values measured immediately before and after aquatic walking showed that the control group had a significant post-aquatic walking increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate. Similar significant post-aquatic walking increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate was also evident in the high blood pressure group from five weeks onward, once their measured values had improved. These results suggest that continuing an aquatic walking program will lower the blood pressure of elderly individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, but it is necessary to be attentive to physical condition because blood pressure increases immediately after aquatic walking in non-hypertensive individuals.

Cuidados de enfermagem à espiritualidade de pessoas idosas frágeis: uma reflexão segundo a teoria do cuidado humano / Cuidado de enfermería para la espiritualidad del anciano frágil: una reflexión según la teoría del cuidado humano / Nursing care for the spirituality of frail elderly people: a reflection according to the human care theory

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir a espiritualidade à luz da Teoria do Cuidado Humano, de Jean Watson, como elemento no cuidado para as pessoas idosas frágeis. Métodos: O arcabouço teórico-metodológico que orientou o ensaio teórico-reflexivo foi a inter-relação da Teoria do Cuidado Humano, de Jean Watson, com seus aspectos fenomenológicos existenciais, e a espiritualidade de pessoas idosas frágeis, considerando a multidimensionalidade da síndrome e o aspecto da humanidade que revela a forma como as pessoas expressam o significado e o propósito de suas vidas. Resultados: Os pressupostos dessa teoria oferecem elementos e construtos essenciais ao enfermeiro para incentivar e desenvolver a espiritualidade nas ações de cuidado às pessoas idosas frágeis, de modo a auxiliá-las no enfrentamento de sua condição clínica. A teoria subsidia a aplicabilidade da dimensão espiritual do cuidado de enfermagem, ampliando a perspectiva integral desse cuidado no contexto de saúde e doença. Conclusões: A teoria utilizada nesta reflexão atribui significados para o desenvolvimento da dimensão espiritual no cuidado às pessoas idosas frágeis, aprimorando contextos essenciais que se mostram necessários à prática atual do enfermeiro.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar la espiritualidad a la luz de la Teoría del Cuidado Humano, de Jean Watson, como elemento en el cuidado para las personas mayores frágiles. Métodos: la base teórico-metodológica que orientó el ensayo teórico-reflexivo fue la interrelación de la Teoría del Cuidado Humano, de Jean Watson, con sus aspectos fenomenológicos existenciales, yla espiritualidad de ancianos frágiles, considerando la multidimensionalidad del síndrome y el aspecto de la humanidad que revela la manera cómo las personas expresan el significado y el propósito de sus vidas. Resultados: las premisas de esta teoría ofrecen elementos y constructos esenciales al enfermero para fomentar y desarrollar la espiritualidad en las acciones de cuidado a las personas mayores frágiles, a fin de ayudar las en el enfrentamiento de su condición clínica. La teoría auxilia la aplicabilidad de la dimensión espiritual del cuidado de enfermería, ampliando la perspectiva integral de este cuidado en el contexto de salud y enfermedad. Conclusiones: la teoría utilizada en esta reflexión atribuye significados para el desarrollo de la dimensión espiritual en el cuidado a los ancianos frágiles, perfeccionando contextos esenciales que resultan necesarios a la práctica actual del enfermero.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect spirituality in the light of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Care, as an element in care for frail elderly people. Methods: The theoretical-methodological framework that guided the theoretical-reflective essay was the interrelation of Theory of Human Care, by Jean Watson, with its existential phenomenological aspects, and the spirituality of fragile elderly people, considering the multidimensionality of the syndrome and the aspect of humanity that reveals the way people express the meaning and purpose of their lives. Results: The assumptions of this theory offer essential elements and constructs to nurses to encourage and to develop spirituality in care actions for frail elderly people, in order to assist them in coping with their clinical condition. The theory supports the applicability of the spiritual dimension of nursing care, expanding the comprehensive perspective of this care in the context of health and illness. Conclusions: The theory used in this reflection assigns meanings for the development of the spiritual dimension in care for frail elderly people, improving essential contexts that are necessary for the current practice of nurses.

Promoção da saúde de idosas com osteoporose: uma abordagem a partir do modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender / Health promotion of elderly women with osteoporosis: an approach based on Nola Pender's health promotion model

Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo geral analisar os comportamentos promotores de saúde adotados por idosas com osteoporose. Sendo um estudo qualitativo, a análise de conteúdo com categorias pré-estabelecidas foi utilizada como método de avaliação das informações colhidas a partir do roteiro baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde (MPS) de Nola Pender. Foram realizadas 25 entrevistas entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020 no ambulatório de reumatologia da Policlínica Piquet Carneiro da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Todas as participantes do estudo eram mulheres, sendo a idade média das mesmas de 74,04 anos, e o tempo médio de conhecimento do diagnóstico de osteoporose de 17 anos. Verificou-se que 40% das idosas encontravam-se viúvas, 48% residiam sozinhas e 72 % estavam aposentadas. Em relação a escolaridade observou-se que a maioria apresentava o 1º grau completo (28%). Quanto a renda familiar, a maioria (60%) apresentava de 1 a 2 salários-mínimos. Predominaram como resultados o medo de cair (64%), a ocorrência de ao menos uma queda nos últimos 2 anos (60%), o uso de medicamentos com grau de risco II para quedas (68%), baixo consumo da quantidade mínima de cálcio diária preconizada (92%). Também foi encontrado que, 72 % das idosas apresenta cerca de 3 ou mais condições clínicas secundárias. Uma porcentagem significativa das idosas encontravam com sobrepeso (40%), sendo o valor médio do IMC entre as idosas de 26,51. Com relação ao estado menopausal, a idade média de ocorrência da menopausa foi 45,12 anos. Através da análise dos discursos oriundos das entrevistas, notou-se também um déficit de conhecimento sobre os cuidados relativos à doença, embora reconhecessem a necessidade de melhorar hábitos como realizar: atividade física regular, exposição solar e aumentar consumo de alimentos ricos em cálcio. A discussão evidenciou as características individuais das participantes bem como os comportamentos específicos, cognições e afeto capazes de influenciar a adoção de comportamentos saudáveis. Foi destacada a relevância da enfermagem gerontológica e da Atenção Básica (AB) na promoção da saúde de idosas com osteoporose. Por configurar-se como porta de entrada prioritária que coordena e gerencia o cuidado da população, é importante que na AB sejam estabelecidas metas individuais para melhora dos comportamentos de saúde e com isso prevenção das fraturas. A pesquisa demonstrou a carência da compreensão pelas idosas sobre osteoporose e sua principal consequência, a fratura, possibilitando verificar também a multiplicidade dos fatores que afetam a saúde das pessoas idosas e que por vezes, limitam o acesso a recursos importantes para o autocuidado. Foi possível compreender que ações de promoção da saúde, as idosas com osteoporose vêm adotando e precisam melhorar em seu cotidiano, sendo as principais: a busca por informações relevantes sobre osteoporose; a espiritualidade; a atividade física, a exposição solar e; o aumento do consumo diário de alimentos riscos em cálcio. Este conhecimento é importante para a atuação não apenas do enfermeiro, mas de toda equipe multidisciplinar envolvida no suporte às ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde dessas pessoas.

This master's thesis has the general objective of analyzing the health-promoting behaviors adopted by elderly women with osteoporosis. Being a qualitative study, content analysis with pre-established categories was used as a method of evaluating the information gathered from the script based on Nola Pender's Model of Health Promotion (MPS). Twenty-five interviews were conducted between December 2019 and February 2020 at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Piquet Carneiro Polyclinic of the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ). All study participants were women, their average age was 74.04 years, and the average time of knowledge of the diagnosis of osteoporosis was 17 years. It was verified that 40% of the elderly women were widows, 48% lived alone, and 72% were retired. Regarding education, it was observed that most of them had completed primary school (28%). As for family income, the majority (60%) had between 1 and 2 minimum wages. Predominated as results the fear of falling (64%), the occurrence of at least one fall in the last 2 years (60%), the use of medicines with risk grade II for falls (68%), low consumption of the minimum recommended daily amount of calcium (92%). It was also found that 72% of the elderly women presented with 3 or more secondary clinical conditions. A significant percentage of the elderly women were overweight (40%), and the average BMI value among the elderly women was 26.51. Regarding the menopausal status, the average age of occurrence of menopause was 45.12 years. Through the analysis of the speeches coming from the interviews, it was also noted a deficit of knowledge about the care related to the disease, although they recognized the need to improve habits such as regular physical activity, sun exposure and increased consumption of foods rich in calcium. The discussion highlighted the individual characteristics of the participants as well as the specific behaviors, cognitions, and affect that can influence the adoption of healthy behaviors. The relevance of gerontological nursing and Primary Care (Atenção Básica - AB) in promoting the health of elderly women with osteoporosis was highlighted. As it is configured as a priority entrance door that coordinates and manages the care of the population, it is important that individual goals are established in the PC for the improvement of health behaviors and thus the prevention of fractures. The research showed the lack of understanding by the elderly about osteoporosis and its main consequence, fractures, also enabling to verify the multiplicity of factors that affect the health of the elderly and that sometimes limit access to important resources for self-care. It was possible to understand what health promotion actions the elderly women with osteoporosis have been adopting and need to improve in their daily lives, the main ones being: the search for relevant information about osteoporosis, spirituality, physical activity, sun exposure, and increasing the daily consumption of foods high in calcium. This knowledge is important not only for the nurse, but for the entire multidisciplinary team involved in supporting actions aimed at promoting the health of these people.

Nivel académico y aplicación de parámetros de seguridad en programas de ejercicio físico en ancianos / Academic background and application of safety parameters in physical exercise programs for the elderly

Introducción: El conocimiento idóneo en ciencias del ejercicio físico de los instructores de los programas ejercicio físico comunitario es importante para garantizar la seguridad y calidad de los programas para adultos mayores. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de formación de los instructores y la frecuencia de aplicación de dos parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de programas de ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico, realizado con 115 instructores de grupos de adultos mayores de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó un cuestionario ad hoc. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fischer para explorar la asociación entre las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 18,22 por ciento de los instructores encuestados posee titulación en Ciencias del Ejercicio Físico. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de aplicación de método de selección de aptitud para la realización de actividad física, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en los sujetos titulados (p = 0,032) y en aquellos que recibieron capacitación formal en ejercicio físico en el adulto mayor (p = 0,002). Los sujetos titulados exigieron con mayor frecuencia una valoración médica (p=0,036). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los instructores reportaron no aplicar los parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de un programa de ejercicio físico. Sin embargo, hubo una mayor frecuencia de aplicación en instructores titulados y en aquellos con capacitación formal en ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: Suitable knowledge about physical culture sciences by community exercise instructors is important to ensure the safety and quality of programs for the elderly. Objective: Analyze the academic background of instructors and the frequency of application of two safety parameters in the implementation of physical exercise programs for the elderly. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 155 instructors of groups of elderly people in Bucaramanga, Colombia. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect the information. The variables were analyzed as measures of central tendency or frequencies, depending on their nature. Fisher's exact test was used to explore the association between the variables of interest. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the instructors surveyed, 18.22 percent had a degree in Physical Exercise Sciences. A higher frequency was found of the application of the selection method based on aptitude to conduct physical activity, with statistically significant differences between graduated subjects (p = 0.032) and those who had received formal training in physical exercise for the elderly (p = 0.002). Medical assessment was more often requested by graduated subjects (p=0.036). Conclusions: Most instructors reported not to apply the safety parameters for implementation of a physical exercise program. However, application was more frequent by graduated instructors and those with formal training in physical exercise for the elderly(AU)

Intervención comunitaria en salud bucal en la población de San Pablo de Pillao, Perú, 2018 / Community oral health intervention in the population of San Pablo de Pillao, Peru, 2018

RESUMEN Introducción. Las intervenciones comunitarias permiten promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en el poblador. Objetivo. Describir los diagnósticos y tratamientos realizados por estudiantes de odontología en el Campamento Universitario Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Servicio. Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico, con el enfoque cuantitativo en el distrito de San Pablo de Pillao, provincia Huánuco, Perú. Participaron docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, Humana, Odontología, Nutrición y Psicología. De un total de 250 asistentes a las sesiones, 95 adultos fueron atendidos en la consulta odontológica. Se realizaron sesiones educativas referidas a "anemia y desnutrición", "enfermedades diarreicas", "infecciones respiratorias", "alcoholismo y violencia", "crecimiento y desarrollo", "lactancia materna" y "salud bucal", así como una campaña de diagnóstico y tratamiento de efecciones bucodentales. Se utilizó el programa Excel para el análisis de datos. Resultados. Se atendieron 95 pobladores adultos. El 6,3 por ciento correspondió a edéntulos totales y el 40 por ciento a edéntulos parciales. De los dentados, el 97,3 por ciento presentó caries dental con un promedio de índice CPOD (suma de los dientes cariados + dientes perdidos + dientes obturados, en la dentición pemanente) de 2,08 ± 1,56. Con respecto al estado periodontal, el 38,9 por ciento presentó inflamación gingival severa. En los adultos se realizó 35 restauraciones, 28 exodoncia y 8 ajustes de prótesis. En adultos y niños se realizaron fluorizaciones y cinco actividades educativas de promoción de la salud. Conclusiones. La presencia de caries y enfermedad gingival fue altamente prevalente; las principales actividades terapéuticas realizadas en el campamento fueron las restauraciones y exodoncia(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Community interventions make it possible to promote health and prevent disease in the population. Objective: Describe the diagnoses and treatments made by dental students at the Multidisciplinary Research and Service University Camp. Methods: A qualitative epidemiological study was designed for the district of San Pablo de Pillao, Huánuco province, Peru. The participants were teachers and students from the School of Human Medicine, Dentistry, Nutrition and Psychology. Of the total 250 subjects attending the sessions, 95 adults were cared for at the dental service. The educational sessions conducted dealt with the topics of "anemia and malnutrition", "diarrheal diseases", "respiratory infections", "alcoholism and violence", "growth and development", "breastfeeding" and "oral health", as well as a campaign about diagnosis and treatment of oral disorders. Data analysis was performed on Microsoft Excel. Results: Of the total 95 adult residents cared for, 6.3 percent were totally edentulous and 40 percent were partially edentulous. Of the dentate subjects, 97.3 percent had dental caries with a mean DLRP index (sum total of decayed + lost + restored permanent teeth) of 2.08 ± 1.56. As to periodontal status, 38.9 percent had severe gingival inflammation. A total 35 restorations, 28 exodontias and 8 prosthesis adjustments were performed on adult patients. Adults and children alike received fluoridation and attended five educational health promotion sessions. Conclusions: Dental caries and gingival disease were highly prevalent. The main therapeutic actions performed in the camp were restorations and exodontia(AU)

El efecto agudo sobre niveles de glucemia en adultos mayores con el Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad / Acute effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on glycemia levels in elderly people

Introducción: El Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad durante los últimos años ha sido postulado como tratamiento no farmacológico para enfermedades como la diabetes tipo II en diferentes poblaciones, sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que se han realizado en adultos mayores. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto agudo de una sesión de Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad sobre los niveles de glucosa en adultos mayores físicamente activos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 19 adultos mayores (60-85 años). El grupo fue sometido a una sesión de Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad, en la que se combinaron ejercicios de fuerza con resistencia cardiovascular, y se realizaron 12 ejercicios con duración de 30 segundos de trabajo por 10 de descanso. La intensidad de la sesión fue controlada a través de la Escala de Percepción del Esfuerzo OMNI-GSE. Se midió la talla (cm), el peso (kg) e índice de masa corporal. Los niveles de glucosa en sangre fueron determinados antes y después de la sesión. Resultados: Se obtuvo una disminución significativa en los niveles de glucosa en sangre posterior a la realización de la sesión de Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad (pre: 140,5 mg/dL y post: 116,1 mg/dL; p < 0,01) Conclusiones: El Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad reduce en una sola sesión los niveles de glucosa en sangre en adultos mayores(AU)

Introduction: in recent years, High-Intensity Interval Training has been recognized as a non-pharmacological treatment for diseases like type II diabetes in a variety of populations. However, few studies about this topic have been conducted with elderly people. Objective: determine the acute effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training session on glucose levels in physically active elderly people. Methods: an experimental study was conducted. The sample was 19 elderly people aged 60-85 years. The group participated in a High-Intensity Interval Training session in which strength and cardiovascular resistance exercises were combined. The 12 exercises performed had a duration of 30 seconds' work and 10 seconds' rest. The intensity of the session was controlled with the OMNI-GSE Effort Perception Scale. Measurements were taken of the height (cm), weight (kg) and body mass index of participants. Blood glucose levels were gauged before and after the session. Results: a significant reduction in blood glucose levels was obtained after the conduct of the High-Intensity Interval Training session (pre: 140.5 mg/dl and post: 116.1 mg/dl; p < 0.01). Conclusions: in only one session, High-Intensity Interval Training reduces blood glucose levels in elderly people(AU)

Modelo de gestión sostenible en la atención comunitaria del adulto mayor / Sustainable management model for community care of the elderly

Introducción: el envejecimiento es un proceso progresivo, heterogéneo, multisistémico, multidimensional; con tendencia al aumento a nivel global asociado a la longevidad y conversión de la pirámide poblacional, en efecto el municipio de Santiago de Cali propende por una cultura de envejecimiento contemplando acciones integrales orientadas a la promoción, protección y desarrollo de potencialidades de los adultos mayores. Objetivo: formular una propuesta de gestión en intervención integral sostenible en el tiempo, para la atención comunitaria del adulto mayor basado en la política de envejecimiento y vejez; articulado con los proyectos, planes y estrategias establecidos para el fomento de una longevidad activa y saludable. Métodos: se presenta un estudio de caso dónde se propone el diseño de un modelo de gestión integral basado en estrategias diagnosticas preliminares, desarrollo y promoción de elementos que contemplan la actividad física, deporte y recreación. Resultados: se efectúa un diagnóstico evidenciando la intervención y articulación de diferentes actores que convergen en la formulación e implementación de estrategias, a partir del análisis de acciones, basado en un modelo metodológico a corto, mediano y largo plazo; estableciendo a su vez planes y programas con procesos sostenibles en el tiempo, que proporcionen herramientas a las necesidades presentes en el contexto. Conclusiones: se deben generar modelos de gestión que estructuren procesos que optimicen el recurso territorial y continuidad de las acciones en pro del envejecimiento activo de la administración municipal(AU)

Introduction: aging is a progressive, heterogeneous, multisystemic, multidimensional process with a tendency toward a worldwide increase associated to longevity and inversion of the population pyramid. In the municipality of Santiago de Cali an aging culture is fostered which incorporates comprehensive actions aimed at the promotion, protection and development of the potential capacities of the elderly. Objective: develop a proposal for comprehensive intervention management sustainable in time for community care of the elderly based on the aging and old age policy and articulated with the projects, plans and strategies set up to promote active, healthy longevity. Methods: a case study is presented in which a design is proposed for a comprehensive management model based on preliminary diagnostic strategies and the development and promotion of elements such as physical activity, sports and recreation. Results: a diagnosis is conducted which makes evident the intervention and articulation of different actors converging on the formulation and implementation of strategies starting from the analysis of actions and based on a short-, medium- and long-term methodological model. Plans and programs are also set up which incorporate processes sustainable in time providing tools to address the current needs in this context. Conclusions: management models should be developed which structure processes optimizing the territorial resources and the continuity of actions implemented by the municipal(AU) administration to foster active aging.

Impacto do uso de próteses totais na qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados / Impacto del uso de prótesis total en la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados / Impact of the use of complete dentures on the quality of life of institutionalized elderly people

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de próteses totais tem impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e os idosos são uma parcela da população a ser pesquisada sob essa perspectiva. Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção do impacto do uso de próteses totais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Participaram 20 idosos do Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Foram avaliados aspectos demográficos, econômicos, de hábitos e clínicos, juntamente com aplicação do questionário Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e bivariada (Teste do Qui-Quadrado), com significância de 5 porcento. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 75,2 anos (DP= 8,8) e o tempo médio de uso de prótese foi de 27,9 anos (DP= 18,5). Renda inferior a um salário mínimo foi indicada por 80,0 porcento, e visitas ao cirurgião-dentista pela última vez há mais de um ano, por 70,0 porcento. Os piores relatos foram referentes à mastigação, representados por problemas para mastigar alimentos e desconforto ao comer, com 25 porcento de respostas positivas em cada questão; a soma das frequências das respostas "às vezes" e "sempre" quanto à insatisfação ou à infelicidade com a aparência da boca foi reportada 60 porcento dos pesquisados. A retenção insatisfatória da prótese inferior se deu em 50,0 porcento casos, enquanto os problemas com oclusão estiveram presentes também em metade da amostra. Os defeitos estiveram presentes em 70,0 porcento das próteses superiores e 45,0 porcento das inferiores. Não foi encontrada associação significativa (p> 0,05) entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho. Conclusões: Os idosos avaliados, independentemente das condições das próteses totais, relataram qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal satisfatória(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de prótesis totales tiene un impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal, y los ancianos son parte de la población que se investigará desde esta perspectiva. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción del impacto del uso de prótesis totales en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de ancianos institucionalizados. Métodos: Participaron 20 ancianos de "Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã", Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Los aspectos demográficos, económicos, de hábitos y clínicos se evaluaron junto con la aplicación del cuestionario Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo y bivariado (prueba de chi cuadrado), con significación del 5 por ciento. Resultados: La edad media fue de 75,2 años (DE= 8,8) y el tiempo medio de uso de la prótesis fue de 27,9 años (DE= 18,5). Los ingresos menores a un salario mínimo se indicaron en el 80,0 por ciento, y las visitas al cirujano dental la última vez, hace más de un año, en el 70, 0 por ciento. Los peores informes estaban relacionados con la masticación, representados por problemas para masticar los alimentos y la incomodidad al comer, con el 25 por ciento de respuestas positivas en cada pregunta. La suma de las frecuencias de las respuestas "a veces" y "siempre" sobre la insatisfacción o la infelicidad con la apariencia de la boca se informó en el 60 por ciento de los encuestados. La retención insatisfactoria de la prótesis inferior se produjo en el 50 por ciento de los casos, mientras que la oclusión también presentó problemas en la mitad de la muestra. Los defectos estuvieron presentes en el 70,0 por ciento de las prótesis superiores y en el 45,0 por ciento de las inferiores. No se encontró asociación significativa (p> 0,05) entre las variables independientes y el desenlace. Conclusiones: Los ancianos evaluados, independientemente de las condiciones de las prótesis totales, informaron una calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal satisfactoria(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of complete dentures has an impact on oral health-related quality of life. Elderly people are the population sector to be researched into from this perspective. Objective: Evaluate the self-perception of the impact of the use of complete dentures on the oral health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly people. Methods: The study sample was 20 elderly people from Lar dos Idosos Recanto do Tarumã, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Evaluation of demographic and economic details, habits and clinical aspects was based on the information collected with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire. The data were subjected to descriptive and bivariate analysis (Chi-squared test), with a significance of 5 percent. Results: Mean age was 75.2 (SD = 8.8) years and mean time of denture use was 27.9 (SD = 18.5) years. Income was below minimum wage in 80.0 percent of the participants, whereas the last visit to the dentist had occurred more than a year ago in 70.0 percent. The worst reports had to do with chewing, represented by problems to chew food and discomfort when eating, with 25 percent positive answers to each question. The sum of the frequencies of the answers "sometimes" and "always" about dissatisfaction with or unhappiness about the appearance of the mouth was reported by 60 percent of the respondents. Unsatisfactory retention of the lower denture occurred in 50.0 percent of the cases, whereas occlusion problems were present in half of the sample. Defects were present in 70.0 percent of the upper dentures and 45.0 percent of the lower dentures. No significant association (p> 0.05) was found between independent variables and outcome. Conclusions: The elderly people evaluated, regardless of the conditions of their complete dentures, reported satisfactory oral health-related quality of life(AU)

Qualidade de vida de familiares/cuidadores de pessoas idosas com alzheimer: contribuição do grupo de apoio / Quality of life of family members/caregivers of elderly people bearing alzheimer's disease: support group contribution / Calidad de vida de familiares/cuidadores de personas idosas con alzheimer: contribución del grupo de apoyo

Analisar a qualidade de vida de familiares/cuidadores de pessoas idosas com doença de Alzheimer e a influência do grupo Assistência Multidisciplinar aos cuidadores de pessoas com a doença de Alzheimer neste processo. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado com seis familiares/cuidadores, participantes do grupo. Os dados coletados, entre abril a maio de 2016, através do grupo focal, questionário semiestruturado e pela avaliação do questionário de qualidade de vida, foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: Grupo AMICA: compartilhamento de saberes e vivências em prol da qualidade de vida; Grupo AMICA: (re)pensar no cotidiano, auxiliar na qualidade de vida. Os dados objetivos, foram apresentados em duas tabelas e apontaram como fatores mais prejudicados: Limitações por aspectos físicos, emocionais e vitalidade. Conclusões: O grupo Assistência Multidisciplinar aos cuidadores de pessoas com a doença de Alzheimer tem significativa relevância e influência sobre a qualidade de vida dos familiares/cuidadores participantes

Objective: The study's main purpose has been to analyze the QOL of family members/caregivers of elderly people bearing Alzheimer's disease, as well as to assess during this process the influence of the group named Integrated Multidisciplinary Assistance to Caregivers of people bearing Alzheimer's disease (IMACA). Methods: It is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach that was performed with six family members/caregivers, who were participants in the aforementioned group. Data collection took place from April to May 2016, through data sharing between the focus group, semi-structured questionnaire and the assessment of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) for quality of life. Results: The independent data were subjected to content analysis resulting in two categories, as follows: IMACA group: sharing knowledge and experiences in favor of the quality of life; IMACA group: (re)thinking about everyday life, helping with the quality of life. By analyzing the SF-36 evaluation scale, the found objective data pointed out the following factors as the most impaired ones: Limitations due to physical, emotional and vital aspects. Conclusions: It was possible to observe that the Integrated Multidisciplinary Assistance to Caregivers of people bearing Alzheimer's disease has shown significant relevance and influence on the participating family members'/caregivers' quality of life

Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida de familiares / cuidadores de personas mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer y la influencia del grupo Asistencia Multidisciplinar a los cuidadores de personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer en este proceso. Método: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, realizado con seis familiares/cuidadores, participantes del grupo. Los datos fueron recolectados, entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2016, a través de la triangulación de las técnicas de grupo focal, cuestionario semiestructurado y por la evaluación del cuestionario de calidad de vida (SF-36). Resultados: Los datos subjetivos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido resultando em dos categorías: Grupo AMICA: intercambio de saberes y vivencias en pro de la calidad de vida; Grupo AMICA: (re) pensar en lo cotidiano, auxiliar en la calidad de vida. Los datos objetivos, encontrados a través del análisis de la escala de evaluación SF-36, fueron presentados en dos tablas, y señalaron como factores más perjudicados: Limitaciones por aspectos físicos, emocionales y vitalidad. Conclusiones: Fue posible observar que el grupo Asistencia Multidisciplinar a los cuidadores de personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer tiene significativa relevancia e influencia sobre la calidad de vida de los familiares/ cuidadores participantes