CHINA PH ARMACY Volume 33，Number 10，May 30，2022 Semimonthly Table of Contents Effect evaluation of comprehensive drug cost control in China based on the entropy method-cluster analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate th e effects of comprehensive drug cost control in China ，and to provide reference for further improving the effects of cost control. METHODS Entropy method was used to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system of the comprehensive drug cost control effect from the respective of drug price control ability ，drug cost control ability and patient affordability. The comprehensively evaluate the effects of drug cost control in 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities）during 2016-2020. The k-means cluster method was used to analyze the effects of comprehensive drug cost control in various provinces. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS During the period of 2016-2020，the total score of comprehensive drug cost control effect of 31 provinces were 14.64，16.71，17.58，17.57，17.88，respectively. The results of cluster analysis were similar to the ranking of entropy method. Medical and health system reform policy had entered a stable period after achieving phased results ； the effects of comprehensive drug cost control was characterized by regional steps in 31 provinces；the effects of comprehensive drug cost control were better in developed coastal areas and some provinces and cities of western regions ，followed by provinces and cities in central China ；however，comprehensive drug cost control in 3 provinces of northeast China showed poor effect. The effects of comprehensive drug cost control in pilot cities of comprehensive medical reform were significantly improved. It is suggested that the successful experience of pilot cities of comprehensive medical reform should be promoted nationwide ，and policies such as volume-based drug procurement ，medical insurance drug price negotiation ，and diagnosis-related groups / diagnosis-intervention packet payment method reform should be further deepened.

Optimization of extraction technology and inclusion process of volatile oil for Qingxiangrukang Granules based on Box-Behnken and PCA-G1-entropy method and orthogonal design / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the extraction technology and inclusion process of volatile oil for Qingxiangrukang Granules (QG). Methods: Box-Behnken was used to optimize the extraction technology of volatile oil in QG. With yield of inclusion compound and inclusion rate of volatile oil-β-CD as evaluation indexes, and with volatile oil-pure water ratio, β-CD-volatile oil ratio, and inclusion time as investigate factors, the optimal inclusion technology for volatile oil of QG was ensured based on PCA-G1-entropy method and orthogonal design and by using colloid milling. Results: The optimum extraction technology of volatile oil were as follows: extracting time was 6 h, liquid-material ratio was 10, immersion was 0 h. The optimal inclusion technology for volatile oil were as follows: pure water-volatile oil ratio was 1:80, β-CD-volatile oil ratio was 6 g, and the inclusion time was 30 min. Under such condition, there was no significant difference between verification groups of three batches. Conclusion: This optimal extraction technology and inclusion process is stable and workable and can provide experimental basis for industrial production of QG.

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Volatile Oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Forsythia suspensa / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for content determination of volatile oil of Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Forsythia suspensa， and to optimize the extraction technology of the volatile oil. METHODS： The contents of β-pinene and pulegone were determined by GC method. The determination was performed on Hp-5 capillary column. The detector was hydrogen flame ion detector with programmed temperature. The sample size was 0.5 μL， the split ratio was 70 ∶ 1， the carrier gas was nitrogen， the inlet temperature was 250 ℃， the detector temperature was 280 ℃， the air flow rate was 390 mL/min， the hydrogen flow rate was 36 mL/min， the tail flow rate was 15 mL/min， and the nitrogen flow rate was 1 mL/min. Based on single factor test， orthogonal test combined with information entropy method were used to optimize the extraction technology of S. tenuifolia and F. suspensa using soaking time， extraction time， material-liquid ratio and forsythia grain size as factors， with the extraction amount of volatile oil， the content of β-pinene and pulegone and their comprehensive score as indexes.  RESULTS： The linear range of β-pinene and pulegone 1.575-7.875（r＝0.999 9） and 1.892-9.46 μg（r＝0.999 7）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.10 and 0.25 μg； the limits of detection were 0.03 and 0.08 μg； RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were less than 2％ （n＝6）； the recoveries were 97.77％-100.01％ （RSD＝0.93％，n＝9） and 96.47％-99.00％（RSD＝0.89％， n＝9）. The optimal extraction technology was soaking 2 h， extracting for 6 h， 10-fold water （mL/g）， half a clove of granularity. Under this condition， the extraction amount of volatile oil， the contents of β-pinene and pulegone were 3.6 mL， 1 450.4 mg， 127.6 mg， respectively. RSD were 1.62％， 0.20％， 1.42％. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is simple， accurate and reproducible， and the optimal extraction technology is stable and feasible.

Optimization of extraction and purification technology for Huangqi Baihe Granules based on G1-entropy method and orthogonal design / 中草药

Objective To determine the optimum extraction and purification technology of Huangqi Baihe Granules (HBG) by using orthogonal design and combination empowerment based on G1-entropy method, so as to provide a reference for the industrial production. Methods With the ethanol extraction amount and paste-forming rate of calycosin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hesperidin, crude polysaccharide as evaluation index, and with the extraction times, extraction time and the water adding amount as investigate factors, then the combination empowerment method based on G1-entropy method and orthogonal design were used to optimize the extraction technology of HBG. The same combined methods were used to optimize the purification technology of HBG with retention rate and removal rate of impurity of ethanol extract of calycosin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hesperidin and crude polysaccharide, as evaluation index, and with the membrane pore diameter, operating pressure and filtration temperature of multi-channel tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane as investigate factors. Results The test results showed that the optimum extraction technology was as follows: Extracted 2 times with 20 times the amount of water and each for 75 min. The optimum ultrafiltration technology was as follows: Multi-channel tubular inorganic ceramic membrane at 50 nm, operating pressure at 0.10 MPa, filtration temperature at 45 ℃. Under such condition, there was no significant difference between verification groups of three batches. Conclusion The optimized extraction and purification process is stable and feasible by verification, which can provide experimental basis for industrial production of HBG.

Optimization of processing technology of stir-frying with vinegar of Curcuma Longa Radix by orthogonal design and Box-Behnken design-response surface based on entropy method / 中草药

Objective To optimize the processing technology of stir-frying with vinegar of Curcuma Longa Radix (CLR) by orthogonal design and Box-Behnken design-respanse surface method (BBD-RSM) based on entropy method. Methods As comprehensive evaluation indexes, the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin in CLR processed by traditional method were determined by HPLC. The orthogonal test was adapted to examine the influence of the amount of vinegar, the moistening time, parching time, and parching temperature on processing technology of stir-frying with vinegar. Based on the results above, BBD-RSM was adopted to optimize the processing technology further using the moistening time, parching time and parching temperature as factors. Results The optimum processing technology of the orthogonal test was covered the amount of vinegar of 15%, moistening time of 10 min, parching temperature of 130 ℃, and parching time of 10 min. The optimum processing technology by BBD-RSM was covered moistening time of 12 min, parching temperature of 150 ℃, and parching time of 8 min. The verification esting indicates that the process conditions are reasonable and feasible with good reproducibility. Conclusion The method and data are precise and reliable. Besides, it established the processing technology of vinegar CLR and provided a theoretical basis for the processing technology of stir-frying with vinegar of CLR.

Study on vacuum drying process of extract paste of Huangqi Baihe Granules based on Box-Behnken design-response surface and G1-entropy method / 中草药

Objective To optimize the vacuum drying process of extract paste of Huangqi Baihe Granules (HBG) and evaluate the physical quality of powder. Methods With drying temperature, vacuum degree, and material thickness as independent variables, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of content of calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hesperidin, crude polysaccharide, ethanol extraction amount, and drying rate as response values, Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and G1-entropy method were used to optimize the vacuum drying process. The similarity of fingerprints between extract powder dried by the optimized technology and extract paste was compared. Additionally, the properties of powder were evaluated comprehensively with nine physical indicators, including relative homogeneity index, bulk density, tap density, interparticle porosity, compressibility, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, moisture content, and hygroscopicity. The physical fingerprint of powder were established to evaluate the quality consistency of different batches of extract powder. Results The optimal drying parameter was as follows: the drying temperature was 68 ℃, the vacuum degree was 0.07 MPa, the material thickness was 6 mm. Three verification experiments were carried out under these conditions and the average comprehensive evaluating indexes of vacuum drying was 91.05, which was close to the model prediction 91.87, and the relative error was 0.89%. Compared with the extract paste, the similarity of fingerprint of extract powder were more than 0.91. The similarity of chemical and physical fingerprint of three batches of extract powder were higher than 0.99. Conclusion The optimized vacuum drying technology of extract paste of HBG is stable and feasible.

Data Mining Research on Academic Thought of Treating Chest Pain from Famous Medicalists since the Han Dynasty / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The analysis on regularity of comparability among famous physician's prescriptions for treating chest pain since the Han Dynasty will be helpful to treat chest pain and develop new herbs.The Chinese Medicine Auxiliary System (V2.5) was used to analysis the regularity of comparability by inputting the most famous 101 prescriptions for the treatment of chest pain from the Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.The results showed that the most common single drugs were cassia twig,40 times (39.6％).The most common couplet medicines were licorice and poria cocos,21 times (20.8％).The most common triangle medicines were ginger,pinellia,and cassia twig,13 times (12.9％).The most common drug combination based on association rules was the combination of cassia twig,peucedani radix→ginger (confidence level of 0.909 1).The core drugs based on complex network was cassia twig,licorice,and etc.New prescription combinations based on the entropy method were 11 new prescriptions including allium,cassia twig,poria,and almonds.It was concluded that there were regularity of comparability in ancient prescriptions for treating chest pain.Approaching and developing medicine for the treatment of chest pain should be from the following 6 points.The priority choice of single drug was cassia twig,and etc.The priority choice of couplet medicines was licorice and poria cocos,etc.The priority choice of triangle medicines was ginger,pinellia,cassia twig,and etc.The combination of high correlation should be chosen in treating chest pain,such as cassia twig,peucedani radix→ginger,and etc.The core drugs are necessary.In the warming yang method,cassia twig is the core drug and ginger is the auxiliary drug,and etc.New prescription combination,such as allium,cassia twig,poria,almonds,and etc.should be applied.

Study on the Selection of Technology Innovation Mode of Pharmaceutical Industry in China Based on En-tropy Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate technology innovation capability of pharmaceutical industry in 30 provinces(regions and cities)and explore suitable innovation mode for each type. METHODS:The entropy method was adopted to establish comprehen-sive evaluation mode of technology innovation capability of pharmaceutical industry. The mode was used to measure comprehensive score and ranking of pharmaceutical industry in 30 provinces(regions and cities). Those 30 provinces(regions and cities)were di-vided into 3 types,including high technology innovation ability (type Ⅰ),medium technology innovation ability (type Ⅱ) and low technology innovation ability (type Ⅲ),and relevant suggestions on innovation mode were put forward. RESULTS & CON-CLUSIONS:According to the establishment of evaluation index system that included innovation resources input capability,innova-tion output capability,innovation potentiality and innovation environment,significant differences were found among these regions in technology innovation capability. For those 8 provinces (regions and cities) with high technology innovation ability,such as Shandong,Jiangsu and so on,which belongs to the type Ⅰ,local pharmaceutical enterprises should adopt the innovation mode of independent innovation dominant,cooperative innovation as a supplement;for those 9 provinces(regions and cities)with medium technology innovation ability,such as Hebei,Sichuan and so on,which belongs to the type Ⅱ,local pharmaceutical enterprises should select the mode of cooperative innovation of the combination of production,teaching and research;for those 13 provinces (regions and cities) with low technology innovation ability,such as Hainan,Ningxia,which belongs to the type Ⅲ,should the mode of giving priority to imitation innovation and cooperative innovation as a supplement.

Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology forXiao-Xu-MingDecoction by Orthogonal Design with Multi-target / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology ofXiao-Xu-Ming (XXM) decoction. The extraction rates of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, tetrandrine and yield extract were used as comprehensive evaluation indexes. The amount of ethanol, extraction times, extraction time and concentration of ethanol were selected as factors. The orthogonal design was used to optimize ethanol reflux extraction technology of XXM decoction. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: refluxing extracted 3 times with 10 folds, 70% ethanol, 1.5 h for each time. It was concluded that the optimized extraction process was objective, practical, reasonable and stable, which provided experimental basis for industrial production of XXM decoction.

Co-integration relation between residents’ health and economic development in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:This paper aims to explore the relationship between the residents’ health and economic de-velopment to provide a scientific basis which will promote the coordinated economy and health development. Methods:Adopting the entropy method, we could calculate the comprehensive health evaluation index. In combining the co-inte-gration and error correction models, we could analyze the long-term and short-term relationships between our country residents’ level of health since 2000 and the national macro-economic development information. The Granger causality test served as a good method used in testing the casual relationships. Results: The health and economic development has a co-integration relationship which is -0. 6216 in the short-term correction. The economic development extent is the Granger cause of residents’ health status. Conclusion:There is not only a long-term equilibrium, but also a short-term relationship between the residents’ health and economic development in our country. The economic growth pro-motes residents’ health status while the promotion of residents’ health to economic growth is not obvious.