Recent advances in screening of enzymes inhibitors based on capillary electrophoresis / 药物分析学报

Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening. The period covers 2013 to 2017. Both the pre-capillary enzyme assays and in-capillary enzyme assays which include electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) and immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) are summarized in this article.

Análise da resistência a inseticidas químicos em populações de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), de Municípios do Estado de Pernambuco / Analysis of resistance to chemical insecticides in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in municipalities of Pernambuco State

A resistência de populações de Aedes aegypti a inseticidas químicos tem representado um desafio nos programas para seu controle. Este projeto teve como objetivos caracterizar o perfil de susceptibilidade de populações de A. aegypti de Pernambuco, relacionando-o ao histórico local de uso de tais compostos e aos mecanismos que podem estar associados à resistência. Amostras de A. aegypti de 17 municípios foram analisadas através de bioensaios com o temephos (larvicida) e diflubenzuron (regulador de crescimento) e um adulticida, a cipermetrina. Testes bioquímicos foram realizados para quantificar a atividade das enzimas acetilcolinesterase (ACE), glutationa S-transferase (GST), esterases (Alfa, Beta e PNPA) e oxidases de função mista (MFO). Também foram investigadas mutações no gene do canal de sódio: sítios 982, 1011, 1014, e 1016. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as populações estavam resistentes ao temephos, exceto a de Fernando de Noronha. A razão de resistência (RR) foi moderada apenas na população Recife, enquanto RR 100 vezes foram observadas em 10 populações. Houve uma correlação entre o consumo e a RR a este produto. Para o diflubenzuron foi construída uma linha de base dose resposta e as RR foram correlacionadas positivamente com as observadas para o temephos...

Resistance to chemical insecticides represents a challenge for Aedes aegypticontrol programs. This project aimed to characterize the susceptibility status ofA. aegypti populations fromPernambuco state, associating it to the local use history...

A case of mucolipidosis II presenting with prenatal skeletal dysplasia and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at birth / 소아과

Mucolipidosis II (ML II) or inclusion cell disease (I-cell disease) is a rarely occurring autosomal recessive lysosomal enzyme-targeting disease. This disease is usually found to occur in individuals aged between 6 and 12 months, with a clinical phenotype resembling that of Hurler syndrome and radiological findings resembling those of dysostosis multiplex. However, we encountered a rare case of an infant with ML II who presented with prenatal skeletal dysplasia and typical clinical features of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at birth. A female infant was born at 37(+1) weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 1,690 g (T (p.Arg1031X) and c.3456_3459dupCAAC (p.Ile1154GlnfsX3), the latter being a novel mutation. The infant was treated with vitamin D supplements but expired because of asphyxia at the age of 2 months.

The ability of the BANA test to detect different levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the BANA Test to detect different levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia or their combinations in subgingival samples at the initial diagnosis and after periodontal therapy. Periodontal sites with probing depths between 5-7 mm and clinical attachment level between 5-10 mm, from 53 subjects with chronic periodontitis, were sampled in four periods: initial diagnosis (T0), immediately (T1), 45 (T2) and 60 days (T3) after scaling and root planing. BANA Test and Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization identified red complex species in the subgingival biofilm. In all experimental periods, the highest frequencies of score 2 (Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization) for P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia were observed when strong enzymatic activity (BANA) was present (p < 0.01). The best agreement was observed at initial diagnosis. The BANA Test sensitivity was 95.54 percent (T0), 65.18 percent (T1), 65.22 percent (T2) and 50.26 percent (T3). The specificity values were 12.24 percent (T0), 57.38 percent (T1), 46.27 percent (T2) and 53.48 percent (T3). The BANA Test is more effective for the detection of red complex pathogens when the bacterial levels are high, i.e. in the initial diagnosis of chronic periodontitis.

In vivo and in vitro protein digestibility of formulated feeds for Artemesia longinaris (Crustacea, Penaeidae)

This study was undertaken to determine the in vivo crude protein apparent digestibility in the prawn Artemesia longinaris, using feeds with 0.25 percent of chromic oxide and animal (fish meal, meat and bone meal and squid protein concentrate) and plant (soybean meal) ingredients. Three replicate groups of prawn were fed and the feces were collected. The rate of protein hydrolysis was measured in vitro using midgut gland enzyme extract from the prawns fed the respective feeds and was compared with those found with enzyme extract of wild prawn. The in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients showed significant differences among the feeds (P<0.05). Fish meal feed presented the highest digestibility (92 percent); intermediate digestibility (83 percent) was found for meat and bone meal feed, and the less digestible feed (63 percent) was that containing soybean meal and squid proteins concentrate. No significant differences in the in vitro protein digestibility were found among the experimental feeds. The results indicated the limitation of in vitro enzyme assays and that it should be complemented by in vivo studies.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a digestibilidade aparente in vivo da proteína bruta de ingredientes de origem animal (farinhas de peixe, osso e carne e concentrado de proteína de lula) e ingredientes vegetais (farinha de soja) em camarões Artemesia longinaris utilizando rações contendo 0,25 por cento de óxido de cromo. Três grupos de camarões, utilizados como replicatas, foram alimentados e as fezes coletadas. A velocidade de hidrólise da proteína de cada ração foi medida in vitro utilizando extrato enzimático da glândula do intestino médio dos camarões alimentados com a ração correspondente e foi comparado com aqueles obtidos com o extrato enzimático de camarões selvagens. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente in vivo mostraram diferenças significativas entre as rações testadas (P<0,05). A farinha de peixe apresentou a maior digestibilidade (92 por cento), enquanto valores intermediários de digestibilidade (83 por cento) foram encontrados para a farinha de carne e ossos. A ração contendo farinha de soja e concentrado de proteína de lula resultou em menor digestibilidade (63 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de digestibilidade in vitro para as rações testadas. Estes resultados indicam a limitação inerente dos ensaios enzimáticos in vitro, os quais poderiam ser complementados com estudos in vivo.