Anti-allergy Effect of Gouminjian and Its Components / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Guominjian is a prescription created by famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctor ZHU Zhan-yu. The prescription is composed of four TCM:Saposhnikoviae Radix, Mume Fructus, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Stellariae Radix, which are commonly used in clinical practice for allergic skin diseases, such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eczema. Although the medicinal composition is simple, the curative effect is remarkable, and the total effective rate of treatment in clinic is as high as 90%. Guominjian has the effects on phlegm and blood stasis, and can relieve itching and reduce capillary permeability by antagonizing histamine, reducing serum immune globulin (Ig) E, inhibiting mast cell degranulation and changing the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets, with anti-allergy effect at multi-target, multi-path, multi-levels. Domestic and foreign scholars have screened out the chemical constituents of single herbs in Guominjian, and found anti-allergic active ingredients, such as α-cubebenoate, cimicin, schisandrin, and saposhnikovia divaricata polysaccharide, and the mechanisms are different. However, the effects of TCM compounds are not equal to the simple combination of single herbs, and it is not possible to measure the efficacy of an active ingredient in a single herb. The anti-allergic chemical composition in Guominjian should be comprehensively analyzed to study the anti-allergy effect of Guominjian in an all-round way. However, the current research on Guominjian is only limited to the pharmacodynamics, but there is still lack systematic, comprehensive and holistic understanding of anti-allergic active components in Guominjian, which limits the secondary development and the establishment of standards of Guominjian. Therefore, the authors systematically collect and summarize the anti-allergic modern research results of Guominjian and its components by searching domestic and foreign literatures, in order to further define the research and new mechanism of anti-allergic chemical components and mechanism of Guominjian, and provide reference for the development of anti-allergic new drugs.

Investigación básica experimental para la definición de los parámetros críticos en el proceso de obtención de soluciones concentradas de propóleos (SCP) / Experimental basic research to define critical parameters in the process of obtaining concentrated solutions of propolis (CSP)

Introducción: los procesos de obtención de SCP han sido desarrollados por diferentes investigadores tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Objetivo: definir los parámetros críticos del proceso de obtención de SCP, para incrementar el rendimiento y la calidad de este producto y sus derivados. Métodos: se utilizó el método de purificación de Pichansky, con algunas modificaciones en las siguientes variables: relación masa/volumen, concentración del etanol y el tiempo de agitación. Los materiales utilizados están avalados por el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad del Centro. Resultados: las variantes #2 y #4 del proceso de extracción, utilizadas a escala de laboratorio, son las de mejores resultados, ya que se obtuvo un rango de porcentaje sólidos totales entre un 12,4 y 14,3 %, con un rendimiento entre un 48,5 y 83,0 %; siendo seleccionada la variante #4 para elaborar los lotes experimentales a escala de reactor. Conclusiones: las variables estudiadas: tiempo de agitación, concentración de etanol y relación masa/volumen, así como el porcentaje de los sólidos totales, el porcentaje del rendimiento y las propiedades organolépticas, respondieron positivamente en las variantes #2 y #4, las cuales permitieron cumplir con los objetivos propuestos en esta investigación, y pueden emplearse en la elaboración de los lotes productivos dependiendo de la concentración de las soluciones alcohólicas de propóleos que se quieran producir.

Introduction: SCP's processes of obtaining Propolis have been developed by different investigators so much nationally like international. Objective: To define SCP's critical parameters of the process of obtaining, to increment the performance and the quality of this product and his by-products. Methods: Pichansky's method of purification, with some modifications was utilized to the variables following: Relation mass/volume, concentration of ethanol and the time of agitation. The utilized materials are guaranteed for the Quality Management System of the Center. Results: The variants #2 and #4 of the process of extraction, utilized to scale of laboratory, gave better results, obtaining percentage's range solid totals between 12.4 and 14.3 %, with a performance between 48.5 and 83.0 %. Variant #4 was selected in order to make the experimental lots at reactor scale. Conclusions: the studied variables: Time agitation, concentration of ethanol and the relation mass/volume, as well as the percentage of the solid totals, the percentage of the performance and organoleptic properties, of variants #2 and #4, allowed carrying out the objectives proposed in this investigation. These variables responded positively in the variants and can be used in the elaboration of the productive lots considering the concentration of alcoholic propolis' solutions required.

A model for coupled electro-hydro-mechanical processes in fine grained soils accounting for gas generation and transport

A theoretical and numerical model is developed for the quantitative analysis of coupled processes taking place in active waste containment systems, such as electrokinetic barriers or fences, in which alow intensity DC current is circulated across the clay barrier to move polar and non-polar contaminants. A novel feature of the proposed approach is the allowance for the presence of air in the pore space. Under unsaturated conditions, all transport coefficients involved in the electrokinetic process are strongly dependent on the degree of saturation of pore liquid. In order to assess the predictive capability of the proposed theory and to appreciate the impact of gas production at the electrodes, a series of numerical simulations of simple onedimensional electrokinetic tests have been performed. The results of the simulations compare reasonably well with data obtained from laboratory experiments performed on an illitic clayey silt. The numerical results indicate that the impact of gas production at the electrodes can be significant, even in low-intensity and short-duration treatments.

Um modelo teórico e computacional é desenvolvido para a análise quantitativa de processos acoplados que tomam lugar em sistemas de contenção de lixo tais como barreiras ou grades eletrocinéticas no qual uma DC corrente de baixa intensidade é circulada através da barreira de argila para movimentar contaminantes polares e não polares. Uma nova característica da abordagem proposta é permitir a presença de ar nos poros. Sob condições não saturadas todos os coeficientes de transporte envolvidos nos processos eletrocinéticos são fortemente dependentes do grau de saturação do líquido. Com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade do modelo proposto de predizer e de apreciar o impacto da produção de gás nos eletrodos uma série de simulações numéricas foi realizada em testes eletrocinéticos simples unidimensionais. Os resultados das simulações concordam razoavelmente bem com dados experimentais obtidos em experimentos de laboratório realizados em argilas. Os resultados numéricos indicam que o impacto da produção de gás nos eletrodos pode ser significativo mesmo em tratamentos de baixa intensidade e curta duração.

Investigation and clinical application of cutaneous-muscular flap in treatment of leg long segmental necrosis / 中国矫形外科杂志

Objective To investigate the usage of cutaneous-muscular flap in the treatment of leg long segmental osteonecrosis.MethodOsteonecrosis models of tibia was made in 48 rabbits and divided randomly into control goup of tibia necrotic bone covered with free skin graft and experimental group with cutaneous-gastrocnemius flap. All of them were examined with ECT, radiograph, osteocalcin measurement and histological observation in 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively. Treatment of tibia long segmental necrosis with covering of cutaneous-gastrocnemius flap in 436 patiens were reviewed.ResultAbsorptive radioactivity in arterio-phase and delay-phase of ECT in experimental group were higher than those in control group(P

Experimental Study on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome as a Cumulative Trauma Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To study the reaction of tissues in the carpal tunnel after repeated flexion of wrist in order to verify the pathophysiology and pathomechanism of the carpal tunnel syndrome as a cumulative trauma disorder. METHOD: Six groups of adult rabbits (5 rabbits were allocated to each groups) were exposed to repeated contractions of the wrist flexors by the median nerve stimulation at the elbow level for different durations; 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 5 weeks. Histological evaluation, morphometric analysis, and electrophysiological studies were carried out after the stimulation. RESULTS: There were no typical nor consistent findings in the tissues in the carpal tunnel except the median nerve. Inflammatory cell infiltration and edematous changes were noted in the epineurial tissue of median nerve. Decrease of large myelinated fibers and changes of fiber shape were observed in the median nerve. On the morphometric analysis, fiber diameter was smaller in groups of longer exposure duration. Changes were most prominent in 5 weeks group and in the periphery of the nerve fascicle in all the groups. Significant reduction of amplitude and increase of duration of compound muscle action potential were noted on electrophysiological study of the median nerve. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that repeated experimental wrist flexion could give rise to an injury of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Accumulation of microtrauma of median nerve by epineurial edema and direct mechanical compression seems to be the pathomechanism of the carpal tunnel syndrome as a cumulative trauma disorder.