A Rare Incidence of Accelerated Dementia Onset Post Traumatic Brain Injury in a 22 year old: a case report

A 22 year old male presented with symptoms of fast-escalating cognitive degeneration and behavioral impairment after a period of clinical recovery post severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging found extensive mild-moderate cortico-cerebral atrophy not really corresponding to his primary TBI lesions. A diagnosis of dementia [ICD F02.8] was made and patient was treated accordingly, in conjunction with Neurology services, with emphasis on neuro-cognitive rehabilitation. Extensive testing could not find any other likely causes for this condition, which was then postulated to be generalized secondary post-TBI neurodegenerative changes. His symptoms are currently improved and stabilized with ongoing maintenance-phase management, but as this condition is not reversible – this case report discusses likely etiopathological processes and corresponding management options (both presently available and those likely to become so in near future) to be aware of.

Adapting AVATAR Therapy: Using available digital technology for people living with Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Low and Middle Income Countries

A 22 year old male presented with symptoms of fast-escalating cognitive degeneration and behavioral impairment after a period of clinical recovery post severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging found extensive mild-moderate cortico-cerebral atrophy not really corresponding to his primary TBI lesions. A diagnosis of dementia [ICD F02.8] was made and patient was treated accordingly, in conjunction with Neurology services, with emphasis on neuro-cognitive rehabilitation. Extensive testing could not find any other likely causes for this condition, which was then postulated to be generalized secondary post-TBI neurodegenerative changes. His symptoms are currently improved and stabilized with ongoing maintenance-phase management, but as this condition is not reversible – this case report discusses likely etiopathological processes and corresponding management options (both presently available and those likely to become so in near future) to be aware of..

Fast-onset antidepressant potentials of essential oil of herbs / 中国中药杂志

The existing antidepressants demonstrated delayed onset of clinical effects, so fast-onset antidepressants are required. Essential oil of herbs showed potentials fast-onset antidepressant potential. First, its aromatic odor can directly activate olfactory nerves; its high lipophilicity causes a high blood-brain barrier penetration rate; and its high volatility is suitable for nasal-brain targeting and inhalation delivery. Therefore, essential oils can rapidly regulate brain functions by multiple ways, suggesting a fast-onset antidepressant potential. Second, the advance of studies on chemistry and pharmacology of antidepressant essential oils demonstrated chemical substances, antidepressant effects and possible action mechanisms of antidepressant essential oils. Third, the effect of essential oils' antidepressant components on fast-onset antidepressant targets was investigated. It was found that chemical constituents of essential oils antagonized NMDA receptor activities, suggesting that essential oils have fast-onset antidepressant effect. Finally, characteristics of essential oils, fast-onset antidepressant targets and drug delivery methods are integrated to give full play to essential oils' fast-onset antidepressant advantage and provide a new direction for new drug discovery.

Progress in potential targets for fast-onset antidepressants / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Depression has become a serious global public health concern and a prominent social problem.Moreover,the majority of first-line antidepressants that target monoamine neurotransmitter function have significant limitations (ie,low response rates,a time-lag of weeks for a response,cognitive impairment and sexual dysfunction),particularly with the delayed onset of clinical effects which will reduce the patients' clinical compliance and increase the patients' risk of suicide and self-harm.All this highlights a major unmet need for a new generation of antidepressants with fast onset action and low toxic side effects.There has been great progress in the study on pathogenesis of depression and drug targets so far.Recent research has shifted from increasing the level of monoamine neurotransmitter (NE/5-HT) to focusing on regulating the adaptive and plastic change of the nervous system,especially the discovery of new potential fast-onset non-monoaminergic targets including NMDA receptor,AMPA receptor and M choline receptor.This article reviews the investigation into generalized fast antidepressants and their potential targets,in the hope of providing critical information for the development of fastonset antidepressants.