Fermented Cordyceps Powder Combined with ACEI/ARB in Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease： A Systematic Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

［Abstract］Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fermented cordyceps powder combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors （ACEI）/angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker （ARB） in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）. Method:The randomized controlled trials （RCTs） concerning the treatment of DKD with fermented cordyceps powder plus ACEI/ARB were retrieved from Pubmed， Embase， Cochrane library， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Chinese BioMedical Literature Database on disc （CBMdisc）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， and Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP）. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool， followed by data analysis using RevMan 5.3. Result:A total of 48 RCTs were included， involving 4 562 cases. As revealed by Meta-analysis， the effective rate of fermented cordyceps powder combined with ACEI/ARB was higher than that of ACEI/ARB ［risk ratio （RR）=1.20， 95% confidence interval （CI） （1.15，1.24）， <italic>P</italic><0.000 01］. Moreover， such combination effectively reduced urinary albumin excretion rate ［standardized mean difference （SMD）=-2.61，95%CI （-3.17，-2.05），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］，24-h proteinuria［SMD=-1.75，95%CI （-2.15，-1.35），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， serum creatinine（Scr）［mean difference （MD）=-14.57，95%CI （-17.94，-11.21），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， blood urea nitrogen（BUN）［MD=-1.05，95%CI （-1.29，-0.81），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， cystatin C （Cys-C） ［MD=-0.52，95%CI （-0.68，-0.36），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， fasting blood glucose（FBG）［MD=-0.59，95%CI （-0.93，-0.25），<italic>P</italic>=0.000 6］， hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c）［MD=-0.50，95%CI（-0.75，-0.24），<italic>P</italic>=0.000 1］， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic>（TNF）-<italic>α </italic>［SMD=-1.68，95%CI （-2.21，-1.15），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， C-reactive protein（CRP） ［SMD=-1.35，95%CI （-1.77，-0.93），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） ［SMD=-1.52，95%CI （-1.98，-1.07），<italic>P</italic><0.000 01］. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ［RR=0.77，95%CI （0.49，1.21），<italic>P</italic>=0.25］. Conclusion:Fermented cordyceps powder combined with ACEI/ARB is more effective than ACEI/ARB in the treatment of DKD， which is worthy of clinical promotion and use. More multi-center RCTs with a large sample size are needed for verification.

Establishment of Quality Control Method in Production of Jinshuibao Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To improve the quality control system in the production of Jinshuibao capsules, and to provide experimental basis for the follow-up research and application of this preparation. Method::High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed, the analysis was performed on a Ultimate AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). The chromatographic conditions for the determination of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were as following: mobile phase of methanol-0.1%formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1, column temperature at 30 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 260 nm. The chromatographic conditions for the determination of ergosterol were as follows: mobile phase of methanol-water (98∶2), the flow rate of 1 mL·min-1, column temperature at 25 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 283 nm. Result::The main chromatographic peaks of fermented Cordyceps powder samples in different production stages showed little difference. The linear relationships of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were good (R2 >0.999), their recoveries were 106.06%, 101.25%and 105.88%, respectively. The contents of adenosine and ergosterol in 20 batches of samples extracted from 2016 to 2018 were in line with the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the contents of guanosine and uridine were 0.97-1.36, 0.67-1.38 mg/capsule, respectively. Conclusion::The quality of Jinshuibao capsules in the market is stable. This method can be used to detect the quality of Jinshuibao capsules, and it is simple, stable and reliable.

Improving hygroscopicity of fermented Cordyceps powder based on particle design technology of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Commonly used dosage forms of fermented Cordyceps powder products are capsules and tablets. The hygroscopicity of the powder,as one of the important parameters in the tableting process,has important effects on the tabletting process of the tablets. How to improve the hygroscopicity of powder is of great significance for the development of new composite particles. Therefore,particle design technology was used in this study to prepare composite particle powder,and its hygroscopicity was compared with fermented Cordyceps powder and physically mixed powder. By preparing three different types of powders,the equilibrium moisture absorption,particle size,scanning electron micrograph,angle of repose,contact angle and compression degree were compared to observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine particle design technology on improving the hygroscopicity of the fermented Cordyceps powder. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture absorption was 21. 2%,19. 6%,14. 5% respectively for the fermented Cordyceps powder,physically mixed powder and composite particle powder; the median diameter was(49. 751± 0. 280),(59. 183± 0. 170),(12. 842±0. 080) μm,respectively; the mode diameter was(185. 479±1. 372),(173. 964± 1. 104),(61. 671± 0. 979) μm,respectively. In the scanning electron micrograph of the composite particle powder,it can be clearly seen that the fermented Cordyceps powder had hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica with a fixed shape and uniform size. The angle of repose was(50. 63 ± 0. 75) °,(49. 25 ± 0. 43) °,(48. 33±0. 84) ° respectively; the contact angle was(7. 4±0. 2) °,(8. 2±0. 3) °,(15. 0±2. 6) ° respectively; and the compression degree was(38. 2±1. 3) %,(35. 8±0. 2) %,(32. 5±2. 6) % respectively. This study showed that after treatment by the vibrating ultrafine pulverizer,the fermented Cordyceps powder particles had obvious and uniform small particle hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica adhered to form a partially wrapped coating structure,which reduced the contact surface of fermented Cordyceps powder with the outside world,thereby reducing the hygroscopicity of the composite particle powder. It further demonstrated that the hygroscopicity of fermented Cordyceps powder can be improved by particle design.

Comparative study on amino acids of fermented Cordyceps powder products based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis / 中草药

Objective To analyze the differences in amino acid content of different fermented Cordyceps powder products, and evaluate the quality of fermented Cordyceps powder products by combining cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Methods Automatic amino acid analyzer was used to determine the content of amino acid. The column was LCAK06/Na Ionic column with mobile phase A (trisodium citrate, 0.06 mol/L, pH 3.45) and mobile phase B (trisodium citrate, 0.10 mol/L, pH 10.85) at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min elution pump and 0.25 mL/min derivative pump by gradient elution (around 3.5 min, 100%A; 3.5-11.0 min, 85%A; 11.0-17.0 min, 80%A; 17-23.5 min, 67%A; 23.5-28 min, 20%A; 28-45 min, 100%B); The detection wavelength was 440 nm for proline and 570 nm for the remaining amino acids; The temperature was set at 58-74 ℃ as gradient temperature control, and the injection volume was 50 μL. The content of amino acid was determined by external standard method. Results The content of amino acids in three products of fermented Cordyceps powder was detected, and the total content of amino acid were 251.82-265.93 mg/g in product A, 279.67-333.40 mg/g in product B, and 321.37-370.86 mg/g in product C, respectively. The consistency between batches of samples was good. Product A and product B were the same active pharmaceutical ingredient, and the difference in amino acid content was not obvious. The content of histidine and arginine in product C was quite different from that of product A and product B. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components of the principal component analysis screening reached 93.551%, which contains most of the information of the amino acid content of each sample. The cluster analysis clustered 30 batches of samples into two categories, in which product A and product B were grouped together, and product C was grouped into one group. The cluster analysis results were consistent with the actual situation. Variable cluster analysis showed that the five variables randomly selected could accurately reflect the quality of amino acid the fermented Cordyceps powder when the amino acid variables were clustered into five categories. Conclusion According to the comparative study on the differences in the content of amino acid, different fermented Cordyceps powder products can be effectively distinguished. The combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis can objectively evaluate the quality of fermented Cordyceps powder products.

Effects of fermented cordyceps powder on the expression of NLRP3 in myocardium of diabetic rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the therapy effect of fermented cordyceps powder on diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the effect on expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1βin myocardium of diabetic rats. Methods A total of 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group CON), diabetes group (group DM) and fermented cordyceps powder administration group (group CS, 1 g · kg-1 · d-1). Diabetes rat model was induced by tail vein injection with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) in group DM and group CS. The rats in group CS were given fermented cordyceps powder solution by gavage at a single dose of 1 g·kg-1·d-1 for 18 weeks. Rats of group CON and group DM were given 0.9%NaCl in the same way. All rats were sacrificed after 18 weeks. The pathological changes in myocardium were observed by HE staining and electron microscope. The expression of NLRP3 in myocardium was detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1βin myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and mitochondrial damages were observed under electron microscope in group DM. The above-mentioned pathological changes were improved in the group CS. (2) The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of NLRP3 in myocardium was significantly increased in group DM and group CS than that in group CON, and the expression of NLRP3 was significantly lower in group CS than that in group DM. (3) The result of immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the group CON, the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in myocardium were significantly increased in group DM and group CS, and which were significantly lower in group CS than those in group DM. Conclusion Fermented cordyceps powder can improve diabetic cardiomyopathy through decreasing the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1βin myocardium.