Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 4 de 4
Filtrar
1.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 228-236, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-979469

RESUMO

Renal fibrosis, the final pathological outcome of end-stage chronic kidney diseases, is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), and extracellular matrix deposition. It belongs to the categories of edema, ischuria, anuria and vomiting, and consumptive disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with the key pathogenesis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis and the primary treatment principle of replenishing Qi and activating blood. Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma mainly contains astragalosides, polysaccharides, calycosin, salvianolic acid, and tanshinone, with the effect of tonifying Qi and activating blood. Studies have shown that this herb pair and its active components can delay the progress of renal fibrosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. With consideration to the pathogenesis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis, this article reviews the research progress in the mitigation of renal fibrosis by Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from the aspects of protecting glomerular filtration barrier, inhibiting EMT and mesangial cell proliferation, improving renal hemodynamics, and protecting renal function. Furthermore, the mechanisms were summarized. Specifically, Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its effective components can improve mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism, alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy disorders, and inhibit immune inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), miR-21/Smad7/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wnt/β-catenin, long non-coding RNA-taurine up-regulated gene 1 (lncRNA-TUG1)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/cell division cycle protein 42 (CDC42), Ras homolog (Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator l alpha (PGC-1α), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). This review aims to provide references for the relevant research, give play to the role of Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of renal fibrosis.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 355-359, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385623

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Tradicionalmente, la Histología se ha apoyado del análisis de preparaciones histológicas a través del microscopio para su enseñanza. En este sentido, uno de los principales obstáculos que enfrentan los estudiantes al analizar los tejidos, es extrapolar una imagen bidimensional a una estructura tridimensional (3D). La impresión 3D permite subsanar esta limitación, haciendo posible fabricar material docente, con las características requeridas con un alto grado de detalle y bajo costo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y fabricar modelos impresos en 3D como complemento para las clases prácticas de Histología Médica. Se fabricaron modelos impresos en 3D de la ultraestructura de la barrera de filtración glomerular (BFG) en su estado normal y síndrome nefrótico. Además, se fabricó un modelo de la capa muscular del esófago humano dando énfasis a la disposición helicoidal de sus fibras musculares. Los modelos de epidermis permitieron identificar sus distintos estratos: estrato córneo, estrato granuloso, estrato espinoso, y estrato basal. Dentro los beneficios derivados de la impresión de modelos en 3D podemos destacar el bajo costo económico de su fabricación, alta reproducibilidad, bioseguridad, y potencial para favorecer el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de la Histología. No obstante, es necesario analizar la percepción y beneficio sobre el aprendizaje de los estudiantes derivados de la aplicación de los modelos mediante técnicas de evaluación cuantitativas y cualitativas.


SUMMARY: Traditionally, Histology has relied on the analysis of histological slides through the microscope for its teaching. In this sense, one of the main obstacles faced by students when analyzing tissues is to extrapolate a two-dimensional image to a three-dimensional (3D) structure. 3D printing makes it possible to overcome this limitation, making it possible to manufacture teaching material with the required characteristics with a high degree of detail and low cost. The objective of this work was to design and manufacture 3D printed models as a complement for the practical classes of Medical Histology. 3D printed models of the ultrastructure of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) in its normal state and nephrotic syndrome were fabricated. In addition, a model of the muscular layer of the human esophagus was fabricated emphasizing the helical arrangement of its muscle fibers. The epidermis models allowed the identification of its different layers: stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. Among the benefits derived from 3D printing of models, we can highlight the low economic cost of manufacturing, biosafety and potential to favor the learning and teaching of Histology. However, it is necessary to analyze the perception and benefit on student learning derived from the application of the models by means of quantitative and qualitative evaluation techniques.


Assuntos
Humanos , Impressão Tridimensional , Histologia/educação , Modelos Anatômicos , Epiderme/anatomia & histologia , Esôfago/anatomia & histologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 477-480, June 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002246

RESUMO

The renal glomerulus is coated by fenestrated endothelial cells and externally covered by specialized epithelial cells, known as podocytes. Scanning electron microscopy becomes an important and effective tool for its studies. Normally, samples destined for scanning microscopy are covered with a thin metallic layer. However, this step can be dispensed for some analyzes. We aimed to compare coated and uncoated samples for evaluation of the glomerular morphology of the Wistar rat kidney. Cortical region of the kidney of the 5month-old male Wistar rats were used. The fragments followed the routine procedure for scanning electron microscopy processing. Half of 10 fragments were coated with palladium gold and the remaining were not coated. Auriga Compact FIB - SEM scanning electron microscope was used to observe the samples. Different increases and voltages was evaluated. For the uncoated samples, when using voltages of 2 KV (or higher) a great charging was observed, impairing the use of such voltage. Thus, these samples were always observed under voltage of 0.5 KV. On the other hand, in the coated samples, the use of 2 KV was adequate. Almost as a consequence, in the coated samples, the podocyte structures were better characterized, generating better images. Inversely, in the uncoated samples, it was possible to visualize the desired structures and to detect the morphological characteristics of these. The results showed that it is possible to use kidney samples without previous coating to evaluate the glomerular morphology at the ultrastructural level, serving as a tool in the study of pathologies.


El glomérulo renal está recubierto por células endoteliales fenestradas y cubierto externamente por células epiteliales especializadas, conocidas como podocitos. La microscopía electrónica de barrido se convierte en una herramienta importante y efectiva para sus estudios. Normalmente, las muestras destinadas a microscopía de barrido se cubren con una capa metálica delgada. Sin embargo, este paso se puede dispensar para algunos análisis. El objetivo fue comparar muestras recubiertas y no recubiertas para evaluar la morfología glomerular del riñón de rata Wistar. Se utilizó la región cortical del riñón de ratas Wistar macho de 5 meses de edad. Se realizó el procedimiento de rutina para el procesamiento de microscopía electrónica de barrido. La mitad de 10 fragmentos se recubrieron con oro paladio y los restantes no se recubrieron. Se utilizó un microscopio electrónico de barrido SEM Auriga Compact FIB para observar las muestras. Se evaluaron diferentes aumentos y voltajes. Para las muestras no recubiertas, al usar voltajes de 2 KV (o más) se observó una gran carga, impidiendo el uso de dicho voltaje. Por lo tanto, estas muestras siempre se observaron a bajo voltaje de 0,5 KV. Por otro lado, en las muestras recubiertas, el uso de 2 KV fue adecuado. Como consecuencia, en las muestras recubiertas, las estructuras de los podocitos se caracterizaron mejor, generando mejores imágenes. Inversamente, en las muestras no recubiertas, fue posible visualizar las estructuras deseadas y detectar las características morfológicas de éstas. Los resultados mostraron que es posible utilizar muestras de riñón sin recubrimiento previo para evaluar la morfología glomerular a nivel ultraestructural, que sirve como una herramienta en el estudio de patologías.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Barreira de Filtração Glomerular/ultraestrutura , Ratos Wistar , Glomérulos Renais/ultraestrutura
4.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 34(1): 194-201, ene.-mar. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841441

RESUMO

Resumen:La barrera de filtración glomerular está formada por tres capas: el endotelio fenestrado, la membrana basal glomerular y las células epiteliales especializadas, llamadas podocitos. El contenido de proteínas en la orina es muy bajo y consiste primariamente de albúmina y de otras proteínas. La alteración de los componentes de la barrera de filtración puede resultar en la proteinuria clínica. La proteinuria usualmente refleja un incremento de la permeabilidad glomerular para la albúmina y otras proteínas. Hay varios tipos de proteinuria.Las relaciones albumina/creatinina (RAC) y proteína/creatinina (RPC) en orina son marcadores importantes de daño renal. No obstante, varias guías de manejo recomiendan la identificación y cuantificación de la proteinuria usando RAC de preferencia a RPC. Además, algunas guías de manejo recomiendan repetir la medición de RAC en la identificación inicial de la albuminuria para evitar el sobrediagnóstico debido a cambios transitorios en la albuminuria.


Abstract:The glomerular filtration barrier is made up of three layers: the fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and the specialized epitelial cells, podocytes. The final urine protein content is very low and consists primarily of plasma albumin and other proteins. Perturbation of the components of the filtration barrier can results in the clinical proteinuria. Proteinuria usually reflects an increase in glomerular permeability for albumin and other proteins. There are several types of proteinuria.Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and protein/creatinine (PCR) are important markers of kidney damage,However several management guidelines recommend identification and quantification of proteinuria using ACR in preference to PCR. In addition, some guidelines recommend repeating ACR measurements for initial identification of albuminuria to avoid over diagnosis due to transient albuminuria changes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteinúria/microbiologia , Proteínas/química , Creatinina/análise , Albuminúria/patologia , Nefropatias/microbiologia , Costa Rica
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA