Comparison of the effectiveness of different high-flow devices in neonatal care

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the success rate of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy using an adapted obsolete mechanical ventilator (MV), Optiflow™ and Vapotherm™ in newborns (NBs). Method: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The sample comprised NBs who underwent HFNC therapy due to ventilatory dysfunction, for weaning from non-invasive ventilation (NIV), or post-extubation. The three groups, stratified according to gestational age (GA) and birth weight, and corrected GA and weight at the beginning of HFNC use, were as follows: Optiflow ™, Vapotherm ™, and obsolete Mechanical Ventilator (MV) adapted for high flow therapy. Subsequently, the NBs were divided into a success group (SG) and a failure group (FG). HFNC success was defined as a therapy duration exceeding 72 h. Results: A total of 209 NBs were evaluated, with 31.1 % using HFNC due to ventilatory dysfunction, 2.4 % after extubation, and 66.5 % after NIV weaning. HFNC success rate was observed in 90.9 % of the NBs, with no difference between equipment types (Vapotherm ™, Optiflow ™, and adapted VM). Conclusion: Different types of HFNC equipment are equally effective when used in neonatology for respiratory dysfunction, as a method of weaning from NIV and post-extubation. Adapted obsolete MV can be an alternative for HFCN therapy in resource-constrained settings.

Rehabilitación Respiratoria con cánula nasal de alto flujo en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas / Respiratory Rehabilitation with high-flow nasal cannula in patients with chronic respiratory diseases / Reabilitação Respiratória com cânula nasal de alto fluxo em doentes com doença respiratória crónica

Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, se incrementan a nivel mundial, destacándose EPOC, fibrosis pulmonar, bronquiectasia y sumándose la condición post COVID-19 asociadas a las vías respiratorias. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos de la rehabilitación respiratoria con cánula nasal de alto flujo en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. Material y método. Estudio realizado en un hospital militar peruano a una muestra constituida por 115 pacientes, quienes ingresaron a un programa de Rehabilitación Respiratoria de 12 semanas con la asistencia de la Cánula de alto flujo durante cada sesión y evaluados al inicio y al final mediante el test de pararse y sentarse en un minuto. El diseño fue pre experimental con pre y post test, corte longitudinal, de tipo aplicada. Se obtuvo la media y desviación estándar y se realizó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, se consideró una significancia del 95% y un valor p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. La media de la edad fue de 58,30 ± 8,17; el 62,6% fue hombres y 37,4% mujeres; los pacientes con condición Post COVID-19 fueron el 71.30%, seguidos de fibrosis pulmonar con 12,17%; con 7,16±1,24 (p<0,000), en el número de repeticiones mediante pararse y sentarse durante un minuto, lo que mejoró principalmente la fatiga muscular (p<0,003). Conclusiones. Se determina como cambio, que se duplica lo mínimamente significativo mediante la prueba de pararse y sentarse durante un minuto. Además, se evidencia mejor respuesta al ejercicio, con menor disnea y fatiga muscular, por efecto de la presión positiva de la cánula de alto flujo.

Chronic respiratory diseases are increasing worldwide, with COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis and post COVID-19 conditions associated with the respiratory tract standing out. Objective. To determine the effects of respiratory rehabilitation with high-flow nasal cannula in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Method. Study carried out in a Peruvian military hospital on a sample of 115 patients, who entered a 12-week Respiratory Rehabilitation program with the assistance of the high-flow nasal cannula during each session and evaluated at the beginning and at the end by means of the test of standing up and sitting down in one minute. The design was pre-experimental with pre- and post-test, longitudinal cut, applied type. The mean and standard deviation were obtained and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed, a significance of 95% and a value p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The mean age was 58.30±8.17; 62.6% were male and 37.4% female; patients with Post COVID-19 condition were 71.30%, followed by pulmonary fibrosis with 12.17%; with 7.16±1.24 (p<0.000), in the number of repetitions by standing and sitting for one minute, which mainly improved muscle fatigue (p<0.003). Conclusions. It is determined as a change, that the minimally significant is duplicated by the test of standing and sitting for one minute. In addition, a better response to exercise is evidenced, with less dyspnea and muscle fatigue, due to the effect of the positive pressure of the high flow cannula.

As doenças respiratórias crónicas estão a aumentar em todo o mundo, com destaque para a DPOC, a fibrose pulmonar, as bronquiectasias e as doenças pós-COVID-19 associadas ao trato respiratório. Objetivo. Determinar os efeitos da reabilitação respiratória com cânula nasal de alto fluxo em doentes com doenças respiratórias crónicas. Método. Estudo realizado num hospital militar peruano com uma amostra de 115 pacientes, que entraram num programa de Reabilitação Respiratória de 12 semanas com a assistência da cânula nasal de alto fluxo durante cada sessão e avaliados no início e no fim através do teste de sentar e levantar de um minuto. O delineamento foi pré-experimental com pré e pós-teste, longitudinal, do tipo aplicado. Obteve-se média e desvio padrão e realizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon signed-rank, com 95% de significância e valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados. A média de idade foi de 58,30±8,17; 62,6% eram do sexo masculino e 37,4% do sexo feminino; pacientes com quadro pós COVID-19 foram 71,30%, seguido de fibrose pulmonar com 12,17%; com 7,16±1,24 (p<0,000), no número de repetições em pé e sentado por um minuto, que melhorou principalmente a fadiga muscular (p<0,003). Conclusões. Determina-se como mudança, que o minimamente significativo é duplicado pelo teste de estar de pé e sentado durante um minuto. Além disso, evidencia-se uma melhor resposta ao exercício, com menos dispneia e fadiga muscular, devido ao efeito da pressão positiva da cânula de alto fluxo.

Remodelado vascular excéntrico: su relación con trastornos metabólicos y el incremento de la masa corporal / Eccentric Vascular Remodeling: Its Relationship with Metabolic Disorders and Increased Body Mass

RESUMEN Introducción: Existe evidencia reciente que establecería a la hipoperfusión muscular como causa primaria de trastornos metabólicos en respuesta a la sobrealimentación. Esta concepción centrípeta del desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos podría implicar no solo alteraciones en la microvasculatura, sino también afectación en las arterias de conductancia. Objetivos: 1) Determinar la asociación entre diámetro basal de la arteria humeral (D-Hum) y la vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VDMF) 2) Analizar la asociación de ambos parámetros conforme aumenta de la masa corporal 3) Evaluar asociaciones entre el D-Hum/VDMF con componentes del síndrome metabólico (SM) 4) Evaluar la asociación independiente de ambas variables con el SM. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 3493 pacientes. Se excluyeron pacientes < 18 y >80 años, con patología cardiovascular previa, insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), colagenopatías, y tratados con estatinas. Se determinó presión arterial (PA), parámetros antropométricos y perfil metabólico, y se clasificó a los sujetos de acuerdo con la presencia de SM según AHA/NHLBI 2019. Se midieron D-Hum en mm y VDMF en %. Se analizó la asociación lineal entre D-Hum y VDMF y se analizaron ambas variables según decilos de índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se evaluaron asociaciones entre D-Hum/VDMF con la PA, glucemia (Glu), triglicéridos (TG) y colesterol de alta densidad (HDLc). Se realizaron dos regresiones logísticas con SM como variable dependiente y D-Hum o VDMF más edad, sexo, IMC y factores de riesgo coronario (FRC) como independientes. Resultados: Ingresaron 1995 pacientes (48,2 ± 11 años, 56 % hombres). El D-Hum y la VDMF presentaron una asociación inversa (r= -0,42; p < 0,0001). El D-Hum aumentó según decilos del IMC (p < 0,000001); la VDMF mostró relación inversa con los decilos crecientes de IMC (p < 0,000001). El D-Hum presentó correlación directa con PA, Glu y TG; e inversa con HDLc (p < 0,05 en todos los casos). La VDMF mostró correlación inversa con PA, Glu y TG; y directa con HDLc (p < 0,05 en todos los casos). El D-Hum se asoció en forma independiente con el SM ajustado por edad, sexo, IMC y FRC (OR 1,42, p = 0,0019), mientras que la VDMF no (OR 0,98, p = 0,217). Conclusión: El remodelado vascular excéntrico se asoció con un compromiso en la adaptación vascular ante aumentos en la demanda de flujo sanguíneo y con alteraciones metabólicas a lo largo del incremento de la masa corporal. Así, el compromiso dinámico de la vasculatura podría tener un rol determinante en el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas en forma sincrónica con la ganancia de peso.

ABSTRACT Background: Recent evidence would establish muscle hypoperfusion as the primary cause of metabolic disorders in response to overfeeding. This centripetal concept on the development of metabolic disorders could involve not only alterations in the microvasculature, but also affect the conductance arteries. Objectives: The aim of this study was 1) to determine the association between baseline brachial artery diameter (BAD) and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMVD), 2) To analyze the association of both parameters throughout the increase in body mass, 3) To evaluate associations between BAD/FMVD with components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and 4) To evaluate the independent association of both variables with MS. Methods: A total of 3493 patients were evaluated. Patients <18 and >80 years old, those with previous cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), collagenopathies, or treated with statins were excluded from the study. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric parameters and metabolic profile were determined, and the subjects were classified according to the presence of MS conforming AHA/NHLBI 2019 criteria. BAD was measured in mm and FMVD as percentage. The linear association between BAD and FMVD was assessed, and both variables were analyzed according to deciles of body mass index (BMI). Associations between BAD/FMVD with BP, glucose (Glu), triglycerides (TG) and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were evaluated. Two logistic regression analyses were performed with MS as dependent variable and BAD or FMVD plus age, gender, BMI, and coronary risk factors (CRF) as independent variables. Results: A total of 1995 patients (48.2 ± 11 years, 56% men) were admitted in the study. An inverse correlation was found between BAD and FMVD (r= -0.42; p < 0.0001). BAD increased according to deciles of BMI (p < 0.000001), while FMVD showed an inverse relationship with increasing deciles of BMI (p < 0.000001). BAD exhibited a direct correlation with BP, Glu and TG; and an inverse relationship with HDL-C (p < 0.05 in all cases). FMVD presented an inverse correlation with BP, Glu and TG; and a direct correlation with HDL-C (p < 0.05 in all cases). BAD was independently associated with MS adjusted for age, gender, BMI and CRF (OR 1.42, p=0.0019), while FMVD was not (OR 0.98, p = 0.217). Conclusion: Eccentric vascular remodeling was associated with vascular adaptation to increased blood flow demand and with metabolic alterations throughout the increase in body mass. Thus, the dynamic compromise of vasculature could play a decisive role in the development of metabolic alterations occurring synchronously with weight gain.

Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo Asimétrica: una Revisión Narrativa / Asymmetrical High Flow Nasal Cannula: a Narrative Review

Los sistemas de Cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) han sido ampliamente utilizados en el campo clínico como soporte no invasivo en el manejo de la falla respiratoria aguda (sobre todo hipoxémica) y cuidados post extubación. Clínica y fisiológicamente, las cánulas nasales de alto flujo son capaces de entregar un flujo de oxigeno alto que, debido a que ese gas se encuentra optimamente humidificado y calefaccionado, permite una mejor tolerancia por parte del paciente al ser comparada con las cánulas de oxigeno tradicionales. Por otra parte, este alto. Flujo es capaz de generar una presión positiva al final de la espiración (CPAP) en la vía área y favorecer tanto en barrido de dióxido de carbono (CO2) desde la vía aérea superior, lo que disminuye el trabajo respiratorio del paciente y mejora su confort.. Sin embargo; aún existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes que fracasan la terapia con CNAF y requiere soportes mas complejos como la ventilación mecánica, ya sea imvasiva o no. Estos resultados con la terapia CNAF pueden ser influidos por aspectos técnicos como, por ejemplo, la turbulencia que pueden generar estos sistemas a nivel de la región nasal. Por esta razón se han desarrollado nuevas tecnologías en el diseño y uso de interfaces para suministrar este alto flujo. Una de estas innovaciones es el uso de cánulas asimétricas, las que potencian los beneficios fisiológicos que entrega una cánula de alto flujo convencional. La presente revisión pretende exponer las principales diferencias que presenta el sistema de alto flujo convencional versus la nueva interface asimétrica.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) systems have been widely used in the clinical field as non-invasive support in the management of acute respiratory failure (especially hypoxemic) and post-extubation care. Clinically and physiologically, high flow nasal cannulas are capable of delivering a high flow of oxygen which, because this gas is optimally humidified and heated, allows better tolerance by the patient when compared to traditional oxygen cannulas. . On the other hand, this high. Flow is capable of generating positive pressure at the end of expiration (CPAP) in the airway and favoring the sweep of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the upper airway, which reduces the patient's respiratory work and improves their comfort. .. However; There is still a high percentage of patients who fail therapy with HFNC and require more complex supports such as mechanical ventilation, whether invasive or not. These results with HFNC therapy can be influenced by technical aspects such as, for example, the turbulence that these systems can generate in the nasal region. For this reason, new technologies have been developed in the design and use of interfaces to provide this high flow. One of these innovations is the use of asymmetric cannulas, which enhance the physiological benefits provided by a conventional high-flow cannula. The present review aims to expose the main differences that the conventional high flow system presents versus the new asymmetric interface.

Influencia del antecedente de intervención coronaria percutánea sobre los desenlaces angiográficos y clínicos en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST / Impact of previous percutaneous coronary intervention on angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Resumen Antecedentes: El pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) y antecedente de intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) es incierto. Objetivos: Evaluar si la ICP previa en pacientes con IAMCEST incrementa el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares mayores y si el flujo final epicárdico varía según la estrategia de reperfusión. Material y métodos: Subestudio de PHASE-MX, observacional, longitudinal y comparativo, de pacientes con IAMCEST reperfundidos en menos de 12 horas de iniciados los síntomas, divididos conforme el antecedente de ICP. El acaecimiento del criterio de valoración principal (muerte cardiovascular, reinfarto, insuficiencia cardíaca y choque cardiogénico) dentro de los 30 días se comparó con estimaciones de Kaplan-Meier, prueba de rangos logarítmicos y modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. El flujo epicárdico final se evaluó con el sistema de clasificación del flujo TIMI después de la reperfusión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 935 pacientes, 85.6 % del sexo masculino, 6.9 % de los cuales tenía antecedente de ICP; 53 % recibió terapia farmacoinvasiva y 47 %, ICP primaria. La incidencia del criterio de valoración principal en pacientes con ICP previa fue de 9.8 % versus 13.3 % en aquellos sin ese antecedente (p = 0.06); 87.1 % de los pacientes con ICP previa obtuvo flujo final de grado TIMI 3 versus 75 % del grupo con estrategia farmacoinvasiva (p = 0.235). Conclusiones: El antecedente de ICP no incrementa el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares mayores a los 30 días en pacientes con IAMCEST; sin embargo, impacta negativamente en el flujo sanguíneo angiográfico final de los pacientes que recibieron terapia farmacoinvasiva (en comparación con ICP primaria).

Abstract Background: The prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. Objectives: To evaluate if previous PCI in patients with STEMI increases the risk of major cardiovascular events, and if final epicardial blood flow differs according to the reperfusion strategy. Material and methods: Observational, longitudinal, comparative sub-study of the PHASE-MX trial that included patients with STEMI and reperfusion within 12 hours of symptom onset, who were divided according to their history of PCI. The occurrence of the composite primary endpoint (cardiovascular death, re-infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock) within 30 days was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Final epicardial blood flow was assessed using the TIMI grading system after reperfusion. Results: A total of 935 patients were included; 85.6% were males, and 6.9% had a history of PCI; 53% underwent pharmacoinvasive therapy, and 47%, primary PCI. The incidence of the composite primary endpoint at 30 days in patients with a history of PCI was 9.8% vs. 13.3% in those with no previous PCI (p = 0.06). Among the patients with previous PCI, 87.1% reached a final TIMI grade 3 flow after primary PCI vs. 75% in the group with pharmacoinvasive strategy (p = 0.235). Conclusions: A history of PCI does not increase the risk of major cardiovascular events at 30 days; however, it impacted negatively on the final angiographic blood flow of patients that received pharmacoinvasive therapy (compared to primary PCI).

Correlation analysis between peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets and PD-1 in patients with peritoneal adenocarcinoma

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the association between differential percentages of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in peripheral blood and malignancy (grade and lymph node metastasis) of peritoneal adenocarcinoma patients and the frequencies of dendritic cell subsets in the normal controls. The peripheral blood of 30 patients with peritoneal adenocarcinoma and 12 healthy controls were collected for multicolor flow cytometry analysis. Peritoneal adenocarcinoma patients were grouped according to the malignant degree (grade and lymph node metastasis). Percentages of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and its subsets MDC1 and MDC2 in DCs were lower in peripheral blood of patients with peritoneal adenocarcinoma than in normal controls. The percentages of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD16+mDCs in DCs were higher than in normal controls. Compared with poor differentiation grade, patients with well/moderate differentiation grade had an increased percentage of CD16+mDCs. Contrary to CD16+mDCs, the percentage of MDC1 was lower in the well/moderate differentiation grade group. In patients with no lymph node metastasis, pDCs and CD16+mDCs levels were higher compared with patients with lymph node metastasis. mDCs and MDC1 levels had opposite results. pDCs were positively correlated with CD16+mDCs in peripheral blood of peritoneal patients, as was mDCs and MDC1. CD16+mDCs were negatively correlated with MDC1. The percentages of pDCs and CD16+mDCs in DCs were positively correlated with CD3+CD8+T cells, and pDCs also positively correlated with CD8+PD-1+T cells. Our results revealed that DCs subsets correlated with peritoneal adenocarcinoma malignancy. Dendritic cells play an independent role in the immune function of peritoneal adenocarcinoma.

Effect of Acupuncture on Endometrial Blood Flow in Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer: A Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of manual acupuncture on endometrial blood flow parameters by three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound in women undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET).@*METHODS@#Seventy patients undergoing IVF-ET were equally randomized into traditional or sham acupuncture treatment group for totally 4 days (from the day of oocyte aspiration to the day of embryo transfer) of treatment by random envelope method at the Reproductive Medicine Center and Outpatient Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to December 2015. Patients in the traditional acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with manual acupuncture, and Zhongji (CV3), Qihai (CV 6), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taichong (LR 3), Tianshu (ST 25), Guilai (ST 29) and Zusanli (ST 36) were chosen. Patients at the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods at 4 non-meridian points at each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included endometrial ultrasonic indices such as vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI), endometrial thickness and volume, subendometrial VI (sVI), subendometrial FI (sFI), subendometrial VFI (sVFI), implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and number of live births.@*RESULTS@#Finally, 34 patients in the traditional acupuncture group and 35 in the sham acupuncture group completed this trial. VI, FI and VFI of the traditional acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, sVI, sFI, sVFI, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and number of live births (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Manual acupuncture performed after oocyte aspiration and before transplantation improved the endometrial blood flow parameters VI, RI and VFI in women who underwent IVF-ET, instead of sVI, sFI and sVFI. Therefore, acupuncture might be beneficial in women undergoing IVF-ET by increasing endometrial blood flow and endometrial receptivity. (Registration No. ChiCTR2100053354).

Establishment of a 21-color Panel for the Detection of Immune Cell Subsets in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Tissues with Flow Cytometry / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#With the rise of multicolor flow cytometry, flow cytometry has become an important means to detect the immune microenvironment of lung cancer, but most of them are used to detect the proportion of cell subsets or the function of major cell subsets, and they cannot be detected at the same time. Therefore, a reliable 21-color flow cytometry protocol was established to detect the immune cell subsets in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues.@*METHODS@#Cell membrane surface antibodies cluster of differentiation (CD)45, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), CD39, CD103, CD25, CD127, chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8), CD56, CD11c, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD38, CD27, CD69, CD62L, CD45RA, CCR7 and nucleic acid dye L/D were used to develop the protocol. Firstly, antibody titration experiments, voltage optimization, subtraction of one color staining and single color staining experiments were carried out for each antibody, and after the experimental conditions and detection schemes were determined, the feasibility of the scheme was verified by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) specimens of six healthy adult volunteers. Tumor tissue samples from 6 NSCLC patients were tested and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The established 21-color flow cytometry protocol was used to detect the tumor tissue samples of 6 NSCLC patients, and the proportion of each cell subset in lung cancer tissue, as well as the immunophenotype and differentiation of the main cell population, were analyzed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The successfully established 21-color flow cytometry protocol is suitable for the detection of PBMCs and NSCLC tissue samples, which provides an effective new idea for monitoring the immune microenvironment status in lung cancer.

High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in a Palliative Care Unit: Three Cases of Cancer Patients Suffering from Severe Dyspnea with Respiratory Failure

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in palliative care is mentioned in several guidelines, however, the indication for this procedure has not been established yet. At our department, HFNC has increasingly been adopted for end-stage cancer patients when their dyspnea needs to be alleviated. This is a case report on three patients treated with this procedure at our department. Although they had severe dyspnea with respiratory failure, their daily activities, such as enjoying meals and conversation with their families, were improved with HFNC. It can be a treatment of choice to maintain and improve patients’ quality of life (QOL) in palliative setting, where benefits and risks should be considered for each patient.

Analysis of three-dimensional visualization imaging of severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation and clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation / 器官移植

Objective To analyze three-dimensional imaging characteristics and advantages for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation, and to evaluate clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation. Methods Clinical data of 10 patients who received portal vein stent implantation for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging characteristics of severe portal vein stenosis, and advantages of three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and interventional treatment efficacy for severe portal vein stenosis were analyzed. Results Among 10 patients, 3 cases were diagnosed with centripetal stenosis, tortuosity angulation-induced stenosis in 2 cases, compression-induced stenosis in 2 cases, long-segment stenosis and/or vascular occlusion in 3 cases. Three-dimensional reconstruction images possessed advantages in accurate identification of stenosis, identification of stenosis types and measurement of stenosis length. All patients were successfully implanted with portal vein stents. After stent implantation, the diameter of the minimum diameter of portal vein was increased [(6.2±0.9) mm vs. (2.6±1.7) mm, P<0.05], the flow velocity at anastomotic site was decreased [(57±19) cm/s vs. (128±27) cm/s, P<0.05], and the flow velocity at the portal vein adjacent to the liver was increased [(41±6) cm/s vs. (18±6) cm/s, P<0.05]. One patient suffered from intrahepatic hematoma caused by interventional puncture, which was mitigated after conservative observation and treatment. The remaining patients did not experience relevant complications. Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization technique may visually display the location, characteristics and severity of stenosis, which is beneficial for clinicians to make treatment decisions and assist interventional procedures. Timely implantation of portal vein stent may effectively reverse pathological process and improve portal vein blood flow.

Effects of low concentration atropine on macular microcirculation in children with different degrees of myopia / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on macular blood flow density and retinal thickness in children with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study. Sixty-four patients (112 eyes) diagnosed with myopia for the first time with 0.01% atropine eye drops before and 6 months after medication were investigated with the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknes (mGCIPL) using slit lamp examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT), vascular density in the macular area and the area of the avascular in the fovea using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Changes in various indicators before and after medication were compared. RESULTS: Compared with before medication, the AL of the three groups of myopia patients increased significantly (P0.05). The difference was statistically significant between the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group (P0.05). After 6 months of medication, the central circle macular vessel density (cCVD) increased in the low myopia group and moderate myopia group (P0.05). Before and after medication, there was no significant difference in outer circle macular vessel density (oCVD), inner circle macular vessel density (iCVD), and whole circle macular vessel density (wCVD) among the three myopia groups (P>0.05). The increase in mGCIPL was statistically significant in the low myopia group (P0.05). There was no significant difference in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) among the three myopia groups before and after medication (P>0.05). There was no correlation between CVD, AL, and SE in the three myopia groups (P>0.01). There was a low correlation between CVD and mGCIPL in the low myopia group (r=0.442, P0.01). CONCLUSION: 0.01% atropine can significantly reduce the rate of axial and refractive growth in children with low to moderate myopia, increase the density of central macular vessels, and increase the thickness of mGCIPL in children with low to moderate myopia.

Correlation of uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry and β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels during postmolar evacuation surveillance: A pilot study in a tertiary hospital / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background@#During postmolar evacuation surveillance, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) regression levels can predict invasive disease while Doppler ultrasound can assess in vivo tumor neovascularization and quantify uterine blood supply. As an ancillary tool to β-hCG monitoring, ultrasound can detect the early presence of viable trophoblastic tissues and identify patients at risk of developing postmolar gestational trophoblastic Neoplasia (PMGTN). @*Objective@#The objective of this study was to correlate uterine artery Doppler ultrasound with β-hCG levels during pre- and postmolar evacuation surveillance among patients with complete mole.@*Materials and Methods@#A cohort of patients with sonographic diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole and managed with suction curettage in the same institution were prospectively followed up after evacuation. The pre- and postmolar evacuation surveillance period was at days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Monitoring of serum β-hCG levels was based on the standard regression curve. For Doppler ultrasound parameters, monitoring of the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV) was based on its relationship with its serum β-hCG levels. The ultrasound images generated were archived and reviewed by the authors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze median differences. For the correlation of uterine artery Doppler flow parameters, analysis for the test of difference used Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis for the odds ratio.@*Results@#Sixteen of the 23 enrolled patients completed the protocol (16 of 23, 69.50%). A majority had spontaneous remission (13; 81%) while 3 cases (19%) presented increasing and plateauing β-hCG levels. The pre- and post evacuation median β-hCG levels showed a significant decrease (P = 0.001). As post evacuation β-hCG levels decreased, PSV also decreased (r = 0.478, P = 0.061) while Doppler parameters, RI, PI, and S/D ratio increased. However, when post evacuation β-hCG levels rose or plateaued, Doppler parameters decreased. These changes had statistical correlation (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the magnitude of the relationship for β-hCG and Doppler parameters was moderate and ranged from 0.524 to 0.581. Among the Doppler parameters, the S/D ratio and RI of the right uterine artery strongly predicted a rise in β-hCG levels. The odds ratio of predicting increased β-hCG levels and risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia by the right S/D ratio were − 2683.67 (confidence interval [CI] = −271.692–5095.655; P = 0.034) and by the right RI − 66,193.34 (CI = −161,818.107–29,431.433; P = 0.046). Notably, Doppler parameter changes appeared early at day 14 up to day 35 and before the appearance of abnormal β-hCG regression patterns.@*Conclusion@#There is a strong correlation between uterine artery Doppler flow changes and β-hCG levels during postmolar evacuation surveillance. The inverse relationship of the S/D ratio, PI and RI, and β-hCG regression patterns confirms spontaneous remission of the disease. For patients with abnormal β-hCG patterns, this relationship is altered. The Doppler changes become erratic, unpredictable, and significantly decreased. These changes were detected as early as 2 weeks post evacuation. Thus, the use of ultrasound as an adjunct to β-hCG post evacuation surveillance can predict abnormal β-hCG regression patterns and identify patients at risk of developing postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (PMGTN).

Quantitative analysis of differences in blood flow parameters in the macular area of healthy people of different ethnic groups in Xinjiang by OCTA / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To measure the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)vessel density(VD), deep capillary plexus(DCP)VD, and the area, circumference, and roundness index of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in healthy individuals of four ethnic groups, namely, Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, and Hui by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), and to investigate the differences of blood flow parameters in macular area of healthy individuals among different ethnic groups in China.METHODS: A total of 80 cases(80 eyes)of healthy subjects if each of the four ethnic groups who went to the Eye Center of the Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazak autonomous Prefecture from December 2022 to March 2023 and met the criteria were selected for the study, with 320 eyes totally. The patients were grouped and numbered according to their ethnicity, and the spherical equivalent and axial length were obtained by using an autorefractor and IOL Master. The blood flow images of the macular area in the range of 3 mm×3 mm were obtained by using a DRI Triton OCT detector, and the images were analyzed by using the built-in IMAGENET6 software to obtain the blood flow parameters. Furthermore, the differences in the blood flow parameters between different ethnic groups as well as the effects of gender, age, and axial length on macular blood flow parameters of different ethnic groups were compared.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, axial length, diopter, and image quality(IQ)among the four groups of subjects(all P&#x003E;0.05). Ethnic differences: in SCP, Uyghur inferior VD is higher than Kazakh, Hui inferior VD is higher than Han and Kazakh, Han and Hui nasal VD is higher than Uyghur, Kazakh foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh FAZ area is smaller than the other 3 ethnic groups, Han and Hui FAZ perimeter is larger than Kazakh, and Hui FAZ circularity index is lower than the other 3 ethnic groups; in DCP, Uyghur foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh FAZ area and perimeter are smaller than the other 3 ethnic groups and Kazakh FAZ circularity index is higher than the other 3 ethnic groups(all P&#x003C;0.05). Sex differences: in SCP, FAZ area and perimeter of Han females were larger than those of males, and FAZ circularity index of Hui females was higher than that of males(all P&#x003C;0.05); in DCP, parafoveal VD and whole VD in females of all four ethnic groups were higher than those of males(all P&#x003C;0.05). Age correlation: in SCP, age was negatively correlated with the FAZ circularity index of Kazakh; in DCP, age was negatively correlated with the parafoveal and the whole VD of Han, Kazakh, and Hui(all P&#x003C;0.05). Axial length correlation: in SCP, the axial length was negatively correlated with Kazakh and Hui foveal VD, Hui parafoveal VD, Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui whole VD, and positively correlated with Kazakh FAZ area and perimeter; in DCP, the axial length was negatively correlated with Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui foveal VD, Hui whole VD, and positively correlated with Kazakh and Hui FAZ area and perimeter(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:There were differences in macular blood flow parameters among the Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, and Hui populations, with the area and perimeter of the FAZ of the Kazakh significantly smaller than those of the other three ethnic groups. Gender, age, and axial length are also related to macular blood flow parameters.

Estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas / Study of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with hematologic malignancies

Introducción: La infiltración del sistema nervioso central por células malignas constituye una complicación grave de algunas neoplasias hematológicas, principalmente leucemias agudas y linfomas agresivos. Objetivo: Resumir la base científica y la significación clínica de los métodos de estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de la infiltración neuromeníngea en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas. Métodos: Se buscó información durante abril de 2021 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y SciELO. Se seleccionaron las publicaciones en base a su tipología, actualidad, alcance y las limitaciones de los estudios. Conclusiones: El estudio citomorfológico del líquido cefalorraquídeo se considera el método estándar para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de la infiltración neuromeníngea. La citometría de flujo resulta más sensible para la detección de infiltración oculta que la citología convencional; pero aún existen reservas sobre su significación clínica. Se investiga también la sensibilidad de otros estudios moleculares como el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y la detección de biomarcadores(AU)

Introduction: Infiltration of the central nervous system by malignant cells constitutes a serious complication of some hematological malignancies, mainly acute leukemias and aggressive lymphomas. Objective: To summarize the scientific basis and clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid study methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuromeningeal infiltration in patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods: Information was searched during April 2021 in PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO databases. Publications were selected based on their typology, timeliness, scope, and study limitations. Conclusions: The cytomorphological study of cerebrospinal fluid is considered the standard method for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuromeningeal infiltration. Flow cytometry is more sensitive for the detection of occult infiltration than conventional cytology, but there are still reservations about its clinical significance. The sensitivity of other molecular studies such as the use of PCR and biomarker detection is also investigated(AU)

Assessing the toxicity of one-step-synthesized PEG-coated gold nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicities of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles synthesized using a one-step process. Methods Gold nanoparticles were prepared via a co-precipitation method using polyethylene glycol, and the synthesis product was characterized. For the in vitro evaluation, a flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V and iodide propidium staining was used to assess cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells labeled with 10, 50, and 100µg/mL of nanoparticle concentration. For the in vivo evaluation, nanoparticles were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg dose in 10-week-old mice. Toxicity was assessed 24 hours and 7 days after administration via histopathological analysis of various tissues, as well as through renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic evaluations. Results Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited different hydrodynamic sizes depending on the medium: 51.27±1.62nm in water and 268.12±28.45nm (0 hour) in culture medium. They demonstrated a maximum absorbance at 520nm and a zeta potential of -8.419mV. Cellular viability exceeded 90%, with less than 3% early apoptosis, 6% late apoptosis, and 1% necrosis across all labeling conditions, indicating minimal cytotoxicity differences. Histopathological analysis highlighted the accumulation of nanoparticles in the mesentery; however, no lesions or visible agglomeration was observed in the remaining tissues. Renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic analyses showed no significant differences at any time point. Conclusion Polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles exhibit extremely low toxicity and high biocompatibility, showing promise for future studies.

Ultrasonographic analysis of palatal donor site healing accelerated with platelet-rich fibrin following subepithelial connective tissue harvesting

Abstract Objective Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains a variety of growth factors and bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in wound healing and angiogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PRF on tissue thickness and vascularization of the palatal donor site by ultrasound (USG) following subepithelial connective tissue harvesting. Methodology A subepithelial connective tissue graft was harvested from the palatal region with a single incision for root coverage in 20 systemically healthy patients. In the test group (n = 10), the PRF membrane was placed at the donor site, whereas no material was applied in the control group (n=10). Palatal tissue thickness (PTT) and pulsatility index (PI) were evaluated by USG at baseline and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 90th days after surgery. The early healing index (EHI) was used to evaluate donor site healing for 30 days. Results PTT was significantly higher in the PRF group on the 3rd and 14th days after surgery when compared to the controls. In the PRF-treated group, PI levels were significantly higher than in the controls, especially on the 14th day. PTT increased significantly 90 days after surgery compared to the test group baseline, but controls showed a significant decrease. The PRF group showed statistically significant improvements in EHI scores compared to controls on days 3, 7, and 14. This study found a negative correlation between PI values and EHI scores on postoperative days three and seven in the test group. Conclusion USG is a non-invasive, objective method to radiographically evaluate the regenerative effects of PRF on palatal wound healing after soft tissue harvesting. To overcome graft inadequacy in reharvesting procedures, PRF application may enhance clinical success and reduce possible complications by increasing tissue thickness and revascularization in the donor area.

Evaluation of water-soluble dyes to mark internal structures of Lepidoptera via larval feeding

ABSTRACT Understanding aspects of insect ecology is a key component for the applicability of control methods or pest resistance management. For instance, the comprehension of insect dispersal is crucial to determining insect gene flow and the maximum distance between refuge areas in Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops. But, for such studies, insects need to be marked prior to release. Seeking to refine the technique of dispersion studies of the genetic material of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), this study aimed to determine the efficiency of water-soluble dyes for the internal marking of S. frugiperda immatures and adults via larval feeding, with emphasis on marking the spermatophore. Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Ponceau, Coomassie, and Eosin-Nigrosin were added to the larval artificial diet at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm. Mortality and duration of the larval stage as well as the efficiency of marking internal structures of larvae and adults were evaluated. Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue increased the duration of the larval period, but the former caused higher mortality. The staining of the gut, hemolymph, and imaginal discs, in the larval phase, was observed for Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, and Coomassie dyes. However, none of the dyes were efficient for marking spermatophores. Thus, the addition of these water-soluble dyes to the larval diet of S. frugiperda can mark internal structures of the larva, but not the adult. Therefore, these dyes have limited application once they may be used only for marking larvae.

Subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en adultos mayores cubanos con leucemia linfoide crónica / Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in Cuban older adults with chronic lymphoid leukemia

Introducción: la inmunosenescencia está asociada con un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer. Dentro de las hemopatías malignas que afectan a este grupo de edad, está la leucemia linfoide crónica (LLC), caracterizada por trastornos en la inmunidad adaptativa que incluye las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en los pacientes adultos mayores con leucemia linfoide crónica evaluados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 30 adultos mayores con leucemia linfoide crónica. Se cuantificaron los linfocitos TCD3+CD4+ y TCD3+CD8+ en sangre periférica por citometría de flujo. Para la lectura y el análisis de los datos se empleó un citómetro de flujo Beckman Coulter Gallios. Se utilizaron los valores porcentuales, la media y la desviación estándar. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo si p≤0.05. Resultados: Hubo un predominio de hombres que representaron el 56,7 por ciento y del grupo de 70-79 años de edad. No se reportó ningún adulto mayor con LLC con valores altos ni normales de linfocitos TCD3+CD4+. Predominaron los hombres con valores bajos porcentuales de linfocitos TCD3+CD4+, TCD3+CD8+ e inversión del índice CD4/CD8 en relación con las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores con LLC presentan alteraciones en el número de las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T. La acción de estas células en relación al crecimiento de células B malignas aún es desconocido y resulta importante determinar si esto puede reflejar un intento de evasión de las células tumorales al control inmunológico(AU)

Introduction: Immunosenescence is associated with an increased risk of cancer development. Among the malignant hemopathies that affect this age group, it is chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), characterized by disorders in adaptive immunity, which include subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Objective: To determine frequency of T lymphocyte subpopulations in older adult patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia evaluated at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology of Cuba. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 older adults with chronic lymphoid leukemia. TCD3+CD4+ and TCD3+CD8+ lymphocytes were quantified in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. A Beckman Coulter Gallios flow cytometer was used to read and analyze the data. The percentage values, the mean and the standard deviation were used. It was considered statistically significant if p≤0.05. Results: There was a predominance of men who represented 56.7 percent and the age group of 70-79 years. No older adults with CLL with high or normal values of TCD3+CD4+ lymphocytes were reported. Men predominated with low percentage values of TCD3+CD4+, TCD3+CD8+ lymphocytes and inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio in relation to women. Conclusions: Older adult with CLL present alterations in the number of T lymphocyte subpopulations. The role of these cells in relation to the growth of malignant B cells it is unknown and it turns out important to determine if this may reflect an attempt to evade tumor cells from immune control(AU)

High-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric asthma exacerbation: two-year prospective observational study in intensive care / Cánula nasal de alto flujo y ventilación no invasiva en asma pediátrico grave: estudio observacional prospectivo de dos años de duración en cuidados intensivos

Abstract Background: Asthma is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We described and analyzed the therapies applied to children admitted to a tertiary PICU because of asthma. Later, we evaluated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use in these patients and compared their evolution and complications with those who received non-invasive ventilation. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study (October 2017-October 2019). Collected data: epidemiological, clinical, respiratory support therapy needed, complementary tests, and PICU and hospital stay. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) only HFNC; (2) HFNC and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV); and (3) only NIMV. Results: Seventy-six patients were included (39 female). The median age was 2 years and 1 month. The median pulmonary score was 5. The median PICU stay was 3 days, and the hospital stay was 6 days. Children with HNFC only (56/76) had fewer PICU days (p = 0.025) and did not require NIMV (6/76). Children with HFNC had a higher oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio ratio (p = 0.025) and lower PCO2 (p = 0.032). In the group receiving both therapies (14/76), NIMV was used first in all cases. No epidemiologic or clinical differences were found among groups. Conclusion: HFNC was a safe approach that did not increase the number of PICU or hospital days. On admission, normal initial blood gases and the absence of high oxygen requirements were useful in selecting responders to HFNC. Further randomized and multicenter clinical trials are needed to verify these data.

Resumen Introducción: El asma es una causa frecuente de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). En este, cuadro el uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) se ha visto extendido. En este trabajo se describe el tratamiento global en la UCIP ante el ingreso por asma en un hospital monográfico pediátrico y se evalúa la respuesta al uso de la CNAF, comparando la evolución de los pacientes con aquellos que recibieron ventilación no invasiva (VNI). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional prospectivo (de octubre del 2017 a octubre del 2019). Se describieron epidemiología, clínica, tratamiento y soporte respiratorio. Para la comparación se crearon tres grupos de pacientes: 1) solo CNAF; 2) CNAF y VNI; y 3) solo VNI. Resultados: Se incluyeron 76 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de dos años y un mes; la mediana de índice pulmonar fue 5. La mediana de ingreso en UCIP fue de tres días y de ingreso hospitalario, seis días. Los niños con solo CNAF (56/76) mostraron menos días de UCIP (p = 0.025) y no requirieron VNI (6/76). También mostraron mayor SatO2/FiO2 (saturación de oxígeno/fracción de oxígeno inspirado) (p = 0.025) y menor nivel de PCO2 (presión parcial de CO2) (p = 0.032). La VNI se utilizó primero siempre en el grupo que recibió ambas modalidades (14/76). No se encontraron diferencias epidemiológicas o clínicas entre grupos. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, el uso de CNAF no aumentó los días de ingreso en la UCIP ni de hospital. Tampoco requirió cambio a VNI. Al ingreso, una gasometría normal y bajo requerimiento de oxígeno permitieron seleccionar a los pacientes respondedores. Se necesitan más ensayos multicéntricos clínicos aleatorizados para verificar estos datos.

Natural regulatory T cells increase significantly in pediatric patients with parasitic infections: Flow cytometry study

Background: The most accepted definition of regulatory T cells (Tregs) relies on the expression of several biomarkers, including CD4, CD25, and transcription factor, Foxp3. The Tregs maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune diseases. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in natural Treg levels in Entamoeba histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni, Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis, and Hymenolepis nana infected patients. Setting and Design: Fifty-one pediatric subjects (29 males and 22 females) were recruited from a tertiary care hospital, and were divided into infected and non-infected (control) groups. The mean age of the subjects was 8.7 years. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from infected and non-infected groups, and change in the level of Tregs in these subjects was investigated by flow cytometry. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS software. Quantitative data used in this study included mean and standard deviation. Data from the two groups were compared by the Student's t-test. The age of the patient and infection status were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated within a 95% confidence interval, and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusions: The levels of natural regulatory T cells, indicated by the biomarkers, CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+, increase significantly in patients infected by Entamoeba histolytica, Schistosoma mansoni, Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis, and Hymenolepis nana as compared to controls. They also increase in cases of mixed infection as compared to infection by a single parasite.