Inhibidores de tirosina cinasa y disfunción tiroidea / Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and thyroid dysfunction

Los inhibidores de la tirosina cinasa son utilizados para el tratamiento de diversas neoplasias interfiriendo en múltiples vías de proliferación celular y angiogénesis tumoral. Estos fármacos presentan efectos adversos de clase, destacándose entre ellos la afectación de la función tiroidea. Existen diferentes mecanismos propuestos por los cuales estos agentes orales llevan tanto al hipotiroidismo como a la tirotoxicosis. Aún no existe consenso sobre el seguimiento y tratamiento ante la aparición de estos efectos.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used for the treatment of different types of tumours, interfering in various cell proliferation pathways, and tumour angiogenesis. These oral agents have side effects, thyroid dysfunction outstanding among them. There are different mechanisms through which these agents lead to hypothyroidism, as well as thyrotoxicosis. There is still no consensus on the treatment and follow-up of the above mentioned effects.

Clinicopathological features of small gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To assess the clinical and pathological features of small gastrointestinal stromal tumours (sGIST).Methods To reevaluated the clinical,histological and immunohistochemical parameters of 21 sGISTs.The standard immunohistochemical panel antibodies were studied on the tumor sections.All data were compared with clinical sGIST.Results There were a total of 7 females and 14 males of sGISTs.The median age was 63 years old.The tumors were predominantly located in the stomach showing a spindle cell morphology and the tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.9 sGISTs combined with malignant tumors,which were gastric cancer have been incidentally detected during surgery.As the lesions were small in size,with infrequent bleeding,necrosis,mucosal invasion,ulceration and less mitotic index,sGISTs reoccurred less compared with clinical sGIST.p53,Ki-67 labeling index and microvascular density (MVD) in sGIST were significantly lower than clinical sGIST (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion sGIST may occure with digestive tract cancer synchronously.p53,Ki-67 labeling index and MVD were lower than clinical GIST,which means better prognosis.

Perfil clínico, endoscópico e histológico de los humores estromales gastrointestinales en el Hospital Rebagliati / Clinical, endoscopic and histologic profile of the gastrointestinal stromal tumours in the Hospital Rebagliati

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los Tumores Estromales Gastrointestinales (GIST) son lesiones que se originan a partir de las células intersticiales de Cajal, y pueden tomar cursos asintomáticos o producir complicaciones, como hemorragia digestiva y degeneración maligna. OBJETIVO: Determinar el perfil clínico, endoscópico e histológico de los pacientes con GIST diagnosticados en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima-Perú), en enero del 2002 y diciembre del 2004. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo en el cual se revisaron las historias clínicas e informes anatomopatológicos de 34 pacientes con diagnóstico de GIST, vertiéndose los datos en una ficha de recolección. RESULTADOS: Predominó el sexo masculino (58.82%) sobre el femenino. El grupo etáreo más afectado fue el de 71-80 años, con 26.47%, la edad promedio fue 64.7 años, con un rango de 30 a 86 años. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue dolor abdominal (47.06%) seguido de melena (44.12%). El diagnóstico se hizo por método endoscópico en 58.82%. El tipo histológico predominante fue el fusiforme (47.06%). Hubo riesgo de malignidad alto en 50% de casos, y la localización más frecuente fue estómago (61.77%). Endoscópicamente se manifiesta por la presencia de tumoración submucosa con ulceración y tamaño promedio de 6.44 cm. Se halló relación estadísticamente significativa entre método endoscópico y melena como forma de presentación (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con GIST en el HNERM son en su mayoría varones, mayoresde 60 años, que se presentan con dolor abdominal y melena, y es la endoscopía el mejor método para diagnosticarlos si acuden por melena (p < 0.05). Predomina la histología fusiforme.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are lesions which origin from Intersticial Cells of Cajal that may be asymptomatic or cause complications like digestive bleeding or malignant transformation. AIM: To determine the clinical, endoscopic and histological profile, as well as the main demographic features of patients with GIST in Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati (Lima-Perú) from January 2002 to December 2004. METHODS: Descriptive, transversal and retrospective study in which we reviewed clinical and anatomopathological archives from 34 patients with GIST during the above mentioned period. The collected data were placed on a sheet of recollection. RESULTS: There was male predominance (58.82%).The most affected age group was 71-80 years old (26.47%). The average age was 64.7 years old. The most frequent clinical presentation was abdominal pain (47.06%) followed by melen (44.12%). Diagnosis was made by endoscopic method in 58.82%. The main histological type was spindle (47.06%). There was high risk of malignancy in 50% and the most often involved site was stomach (61.77%). Endoscopicall the characteristic image was a submucosal tumor with ulceration, the average size was 6.44 cm. There was significant statistical relation (p < 0.05) between endoscopic method and melena. CONCLUSION: Patients with GIST in HNERM are mostly men, older than 60 years that come with abdominal pain and melena, being endoscopy the best method to diagnose if patients present melena. Predominating histology was fusiform.

Gastric Schwannoma in a Female Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis — A Clinicopathological Assessment and Diagnosis

Schwannomas, or neurinomas, are generally benign, slow-growing, asymptomatic neoplasms originating from the Schwann cells of a nerve sheath. As a part of spindle cell mesenchymal tumours, schwannomas arising from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are unusual; however, when they occur, the most common site involved is the stomach, which represents 0.2% of all gastric tumours. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with a large palpable abdominal mass reaching up to the peritoneal cavity. The initial clinical impression was a tuberculous abdominal mass, a cyst, or a teratoma. However, intra-operative findings during a subtotal gastrectomy revealed an exophytic gastric serosal mass, which suggested a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). Post-operative histopathological findings showed a fascicular arrangement of neoplastic spindle cells with pallisading nuclei that showed intense positivity for S-100 protein, and were negative for CD117 and desmin in immunohistochemistry studies. These results confirmed the final diagnosis of a gastric schwannoma.

Mechanisms of secondary resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Imatinib is an effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used in the treatment of advanced or inoperable gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Despite its efficacy, resistance is often developed among a portion of patients. Resistance to imatinib can be divided into primary and secondary resistance, with the latter becoming the focus of many recent researches. Research on the mechanisms of secondary resistance may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies.

Stomach gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) intussuspected into duodenum: A case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are tumours of gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. The commonest site of its occurrence is the stomach. Patients with GIST are usually asymptomatic but they can present as abdominal pain, bleeding and rarely gastric outlet obstruction. In this particular case, the patient presents with symptoms of anaemia, partial gastric outlet obstruction and intermittent epigastric pain. Laparotomy was performed and a diagnosis of gastroduodenal intussusception secondary to gastrointestinal stromal tumour was made.