Population survey of Pomacea spp. in Shandong Province and preliminary study on the risk of population infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the population distribution of Pomacea spp. in Shandong Province and the risk of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in the local population, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of related diseases. Methods:From July to December 2021, Yanzhou District of Jining City, Ningyang County of Taian City, and Dongying District of Dongying City were selected as surveillance sites to investigate the population and distribution range of Pomacea spp., live snail samples were collected for morphological and genetic identification, and Pomacea spp. infected with the larva of Angiostrongylus cantonensis was detected by lung test. At the same time, sentinel hospital case surveillance was carried out in Yanzhou District, Jining City, and questionnaire was used to study the local residents' awareness of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and their personal health behaviors. Results:A total of 312 live snail samples were collected. After morphological identification, they were all Pomacea spp.. After gene sequencing, two populations of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata were found. No positive snails infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis were found. A total of 126 patients with headache as the main neurological symptom were admitted to the sentinel hospital, but there were no monitoring cases that met the inclusion criteria. Among the survey population, 48.38% (134/277) of the respondents had heard of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, 44.77% (124/277) knew that eating Margarya melanioides might cause angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, and 83.39% (231/277) had no related unhealthy eating behavior. Conclusion:Pomacea spp. is found and reported for the first time in Shandong Province, and there is a risk of population infection with angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.

Identificación genética de recién nacidos en Perú: un estudio piloto / Genetic identification of newborns in Peru: a pilot study

OBJETIVO: Determinar la factibilidad de la identificación genética a un grupo de recién nacidos prove nientes de un hospital público de Lima-Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte trans versal, realizado por Registro de Identificación y Estado Civil de Perú, en recién nacidos vivos y sus respectivas madres, provenientes del Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz (Puente Piedra-Lima) du rante el mes de enero del 2015. Las muestras fueron colectadas en tarjetas FTA (Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids) que permitieron un análisis directo por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) y electroforesis capilar de 21 marcadores genéticos de tipo STR (Short Tandem Repeats), incluyendo el marcador amelogenina para la determinación del sexo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 44 madres y 45 recién nacidos (existió un parto gemelar). La probabilidad de maternidad fue mayor al 99.9% en todos los casos. No se encontraron dificultades en la toma de muestra, ni en el transporte del material. El material biológico obtenido fue suficiente para la obtención de ADN para realizar la identificación del recién nacido. CONCLUSIONES: El procedimiento de identificación genética fue factible de realizar en este hospital. Se identificaron etapas del proceso que podrían mejorarse para la posible aplicación de este procedimiento a una mayor escala en el Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of genetic identification in a group of newborns from a public hospital in Lima, Peru. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out by the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status of Peru, on live newborns and their mothers, from the Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Hospital (Puente Piedra, Lima) during January. 2015. The samples were collected in FTA (Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids) cards that allowed a direct analysis by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and capillary electrophoresis of 21 STR markers (Short Tandem Repeats), including the amelogenin marker for gender determination. RESULTS: 44 mothers and 45 newborns were included (there was a twin birth). The probability of maternity was higher than 99.9% in all cases. There were no difficulties in the sampling or in transporting the material. The obtained biological material was enough to collect DNA to identify the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic identification procedure was possible to perform in this hospital. Stages of the process that could be improved were identified for the eventual application of this procedure on a larger scale in Peru.

Detection and genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazilian lots of fetal bovine serum collected from 2006 to 2014 / Detecção e identificação genética de pestivírus em lotes brasileiros de soro fetal bovino coletado de 2006 a 2014

The present study performed a genetic identification of pestiviruses contaminating batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS) produced in Brazil from 2006 to 2014. Seventy-three FBS lots were screened by a RT-PCR targeting the 5'untranslated region (UTR) of the pestivirus genome. Thirty-nine lots (53.4%) were positive for pestivirus RNA and one contained infectious virus. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR revealed 34 lots (46.6%) containing RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), being 23 BVDV-1a (5' UTR identity 90.8-98.7%), eight BVDV-1b (93.9-96.7%) and three BVDV-1d (96.2- 97.6%). Six lots (8.2%) contained BVDV-2 (90.3-100% UTR identity) being two BVDV-2a; three BVDV-2b and one undetermined. Four FBS batches (5.5%) were found contaminated with HoBi-like virus (98.3 to 100%). Five batches (6.8%) contained more than one pestivirus. The high frequency of contamination of FBS with pestivirus RNA reinforce the need for systematic and updated guidelines for monitoring this product to reduce the risk of contamination of biologicals and introduction of contaminating agents into free areas.(AU)

No presente estudo foi realizada a identificação genética de pestivírus contaminantes de lotes de soro fetal bovino (SFB) produzidos no Brasil de 2006 a 2014. Setenta e três lotes de SFB foram testados por RT-PCR para a região 5' não traduzida do genoma dos pestivírus. Trinta e nove lotes (53,4%) foram positivos para RNA de pestivírus e um continha vírus infeccioso. O sequenciamento de nucleotídeos e análise filogenética da região 5'UTR revelou que 34 lotes (46,6%) continham RNA do vírus da diarreia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1), sendo 23 BVDV-1a (identidade na 5' UTR de 90,8-98,7%), oito BVDV-1b (93,9 a 96,7%) e três BVDV-1d (96,2%-97,6%). Seis lotes (8,2%) continham BVDV-2 (90,3 a 100% de identidade), sendo dois BVDV-2a, três BVDV-2b e um de subgenótipo indeterminado. Quatro lotes de SFB (5,5%) estavam contaminados com o vírus HoBi-like (98,3 a 100%). Cinco lotes (6,8%) continham mais do que um pestivírus. A alta frequência de contaminação de SFB com RNA de pestivírus reforça a necessidade para diretrizes sistemáticas atualizadas para a monitoração deste produto com a finalidade de reduzir a contaminação de produtos biológicos e a introdução de agentes contaminantes em áreas livres.(AU)

Investigation and sequence analysis on Bartonella infection in rodents in Fujian Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We explored the status of Bartonella infection in rodents and the sequence characteristics of Bartonella in Fujian Province.Rodents in Fujian Province were captured by the night trapping method during 2014-2016.Information of the captured rodents on capturing dates and geographic locations,species,gender and ages were recorded.Heart blood samples were collected,from which the fragments of ghA gene and16S-23S rRNA gene of Bartonella were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The PCR products were sequenced and the phylogenetic tree was constructed for homology analysis by biological analysis software.Data on infection rate were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact test to indicate statistical significance.Results showed that 5 917 cages were laid and 381 rodents were captured,density of rodent was 6.44％.The overall Bartonella infection rate in rodents was 12.34 ％,while infection rate in domesticated rodents was 10.61％,with 11.30 ％ in Rattus norvebicus and 10.00％ in R.flavipectus.And the infection rate in wide rodents was 13.86％,with a rate of 22.86％ in Rattus losea and 18.00％ in R.fulvescens,respectively.The infection rate was higher in wild rodents than in domesticated rodents,however,no significant difference was found.The Western Fujian and Northern Fujian region had the higher infection rates of 20.00％ and 25.33％,and no infection was found in Southern Fujian region.The statistical analysis result revealed that a significant difference in infection rate among different region and habitats,but no significant difference in infection rate between male and female rodents,or among different ages.The BLAST results revealed the species to be B.tribocorum,B.elizabethae and B.grahamii.In conclusion,Bartonella infection is found in the rodents in Fujian Province and more attention should be paid on its impact on public health in the province.

Establishment of a SNP genetic identification method for frozen embryos and sperm of inbred mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish a rapid SNP( single-nucleotide polymorphism) genetic identification method for the frozen samples, such as frozen embryos and sperm of inbred mice.Methods In this study, the frozen embryos and sperm of inbred mice were provided by Shanghai Lab.Animal Research Center.Whole genome amplification and PCR-LDR genotyping system were used to get the rich DNA sample.Forty-five SNP were genotyped by multiple polymerase chain re-action and ligase detection reaction( PCR-LDR) .Results The electrophoresis results showed that the whole genome am-plification technique could highly increase the total DNA of frozen embryos.PCR-LDR typing method was suitable for the mouse genome typing of 45 SNPs.Ten strains of inbred frozen embryos and sperms of C57BL/6, BALB/c, FVB/NJ mice were genotyping identified, and their SNP loci data obtained by PCR-LDR were as the same as those of database.The num-ber of frozen mouse embryos was proportional to the number of SNPs detected, and when the embryo number reached more than 12, the detection rate of SNP was 100%.Conclusions This method can be used to the genetic quality identification, and rapidly identify the inbreed frozen mouse embryos and sperms.

Genetic Identification of 32 Different Origins and Categories of Commodity Edible Bird’s Nest / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to quickly and accurately identify different origins and categories of commodity edible bird’s nest (EBN) using DNA barcoding technique, in order to reveal its genetic differences. The total genomic DNA was isolated from the EBN samples. And Cytb gene sequences were amplified and sequenced by PCR. Then, 32 sequences were aligned and analyzed with DNAStar and MEGA 6.0 software. NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed. The nearest distance was calculated. The results showed that the original species of 32 samples of EBN were identified.Aerodramus fuciphagus was the genetic origin of 23 white nest samples. AndAerodramus fuciphagus germaniwas the genetic origin of the other 8 samples. The origin of black nest sample wasAerodramus maximusorAerodramus maximus lowi. It was concluded that the genetic origin of different EBN categories was variant. The identification of EBN’s origin species with Cytb sequence was quick and accurate.

Molecular identification, phylogeny and geographic distribution of Brazilian mangrove oysters (Crassostrea)

Oysters (Ostreidae) manifest a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, whereby morphology is of limited value for species identification and taxonomy. By using molecular data, the aim was to genetically characterize the species of Crassostrea occurring along the Brazilian coast, and phylogenetically relate these to other Crassostrea from different parts of the world. Sequencing of the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene (COI), revealed a total of three species of Crassostrea at 16 locations along the Brazilian coast. C. gasar was found from Curuçá (Pará state) to Santos (São Paulo state), and C. rhizophorae from Fortim (Ceará state) to Florianópolis (Santa Catarina state), although small individuals of the latter species were also found at Ajuruteua beach (municipality of Bragança, Pará state). An unidentified Crassostrea species was found only on Canela Island, Bragança. Crassostrea gasar and C. rhizophorae grouped with C. virginica, thereby forming a monophyletic Atlantic group, whereas Crassostrea sp. from Canela Island was shown to be more similar to Indo-Pacific oysters, and either arrived in the Atlantic Ocean before the convergence of the Isthmus of Panama or was accidentally brought to Brazil by ship.

Morphologic and Genetic Identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in Korea

Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense was first described by Yamane in 1986 but the taxonomical features have been obscure due to lack of critical morphologic criteria in its larval and adult stages. In Korea, this tapeworm had long been known as Diphyllobothrium latum. In this study, we observed 62 specimens collected from Korean residents and analyzed them by morphological features and nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene as well as the ITS1 region. Adult tapeworms were examined after carmine or trichrome stain. Longitudinal sections of the gravid proglottids showed an obtuse angle of about 150 degree between the cirrus sac and seminal vesicle. This angle is known as a major differential point compared with that of D. latum. Nucleotide sequence differences between D. latum and the specimens from Koreans represented 17.3% in mitochondrial DNA cox1 gene. Sequence divergence of ITS1 among 4 Korean isolates was 0.3% and similarity was 99.7% with D. nihonkaiense and D. klebanovskii. All of the Korean specimens analyzed in this study were identified as being D. nihonkaiense (n = 62). We propose its Korean name as "Dong-hae-gin-chon-chung" which means 'long tapeworm of the East Sea' for this newly analyzed diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Korea.