RESUMO
There is distinctive advantage of using male sterile lines to breed new cultivar and produce hybrids, when compared with general breeding method on yield and quality. In our previous work, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of male sterile and fertile Salvia miltiorrhiza have been obtained through continuous hybridization in many years. In this investigation, 378 primer combination were screened by using AFLP and BSA technique, in which 26 markers amplified from seven primers were found to tightly link to male sterile gene. Based on these markers, two linkage genetic maps were constructed. A 2 027,2 028 bp fragment was amplifed from NILs of fertile and sterile S. miltiorrhiza, respectively, using genome walking technique and previous E11/M4-208 marker as template. Four base mutations were found in intron when comparing both fragments. Among all different markers between NILs of male sterile and fertile S. miltiorrhiza, four was found to have 100% identities to chromosome 1, 3 and 5 of Arabidopsis, namely, E01/M09-418, E05/M13-308, E05/M04-750 and E01/M01-204. The E01/M09-418 marker was very close to male sterile gene of S. miltiorrhiza with distance of 2.1 cM, which also had 100% identities to male sterile gene MS2 in Arabidopsis. Both were distributed in chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis. The 2 028 bp fragment also had 100% identities to MS2 gene. Another E05/M04-750 marker that had 100% identities to chromosome 5 of Arabidopsis was found to have high identities to POP085-M05 gene of poplars and low affinity calcium antiporter CAX2 of Arabidopsis with very low E-value. The constructed genetic map and differential fragments with potential functions found in this study provide a solid foundation to lock male sterile genes in S. miltiorrhiza genome and to discover their functions.
RESUMO
Objective:To establish the ISSR fingerprint of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Futianhe area of Macheng county to guide the breeding of C. morifolium. Methods:Using the technology of ISSR molecular markers and the software of SPSS 15. 0, the coefficient matrix of Jaccard was established and the tree graph of the genetic relationship of the breeds of C. morifolium cultivated in Fu-tianhe area was built to analyze the respective genetic relationship and features. Results:By ISSR analysis, it confirmed that C. morifoli-um in Futianhe area had long genetic distance with the other white chrysanthemum breeds, and it could be considered as an individual breed. Conclusion:The ISSR map can be used to identify the breed of C. morifolium cultivated in Futianhe area.
RESUMO
The genetic map accomplished in the Human Genome Project was crucialto supply the tools and information about genetic aspects. The knowledge about the communication between genes and food compounds, such as nutrients and bioactive compounds, enabled the emergence of two new sciences, named nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics refers to the study of how these compounds can act in the genetic expression modulation, while nutrigenetics studies the effect of genetic variation in the diet and disease interaction, with the identification of genes responsible for different responses to diet. Given the importance of understanding thein teraction between diet and gene, whereas the substances found in food can modify phenotype, the purpose of the present work is to search andgather literature data about the main advances in nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, thus contributing to the updated education of students and health professionals. In order to achieve it, an extensive bibliographic research was done into the main scientific electronic database Pubmed and Medline, using the descriptors Nutrigenomics, Nutritional Genomics, Nutrigenetics. Data observed in literature state that environmental factors, mainly the diet, can initiate different responses among individuals due togenetic variability or polymorphisms. The current technology allows the identification of more than 500 thousand polymorphisms per person. However, only some of them seem to have functional effect. In epigeneticevents, polymorphisms are responsible for modifying the phenotype and even for the function of genes, resulting in metabolic changes such as increase or decrease in dietary intake requirements. So, the challenge isto understand how this interaction works on the balance between healthand disease. This knowledge will allow an effective nutritional interventionby the professional, based on the client's genetic map.
El mapa genético realizado en el Proyecto Genoma Humano fue crucial para suministrar herramientase informaciones sobre los aspectos genéticos. El conocimiento de la comunicación entre los genes y los componentes de los alimentos como los nutrientes y los compuestos bioactivos posibilitó el surgimiento de dos nuevas ciencias llamadas nutrigenómica y nutrigenética. La nutrigenómica se refiere al estudio de cómo tales compuestos actúan en la modulación de la expresión genética, mientras que la nutrigenética estudia el efecto de la variación genética en la interacción entre dieta y enfermedad, con la identificación de los genes responsables por diferentes respuestas a la dieta. Dada la importancia de conocer la interacción gen-nutriente, y a que las sustancias presentes en los alimentos pueden modular la expresión génica y cambiar el fenotipo, el presente trabajo pretende pesquisar y compilar los datos de la literatura sobre los principales avancesen nutrigenómica y nutrigenética. Para ello, fue realizada una extensa investigación bibliográfica en los principales banco de datos electrónico scientíficos Pubmed y Medline, por medio de los descriptores Nutrigenomic, Nutritional Genomics y Nutrigenetic. En la literatura, los datos observados afirman que factores ambientales, principalmente la dieta, pueden desencadenar diferentes respuestas entre los individuos en función de variabilidad genética o polimorfismos. La tecnología actual permite la identificación de más de 500 mil polimorfismos por persona, sin embargo, sólo algunos de ellos tienen efecto funcional. En casos epigenéticos,los polimorfi smos son responsables por la alteración del fenotipo e inclusive por las funciones de los genes que pueden resultar en alteraciones metabólicas tales como el aumento o reducción de la necesidadde ingestión de nutrientes. El desafío es entender como esa interacción influye en el equilibrio entre salud y enfermedad. Tal conocimiento permitirá al profesional de nutrición una i...
O mapeamento genético realizado no Projeto Genoma Humano foi crucial no fornecimento de ferramentas e informações acerca dos aspectos genéticos. O conhecimento da comunicação entre os genes e os compostos dos alimentos, como os nutrientes e os compostos biotativos possibilitou o surgimento de duas novas ciências, denominadas nutrigenômica e nutrigenética. A nutrigenômica se refere ao estudo de como tais compostos atuam na modulação da expressão gênica, enquanto a nutrigenética estuda o efeito da variação genética na interação entre dieta e doença, com a identificação dos genes responsáveis por diferentes respostas para com a dieta. Visto a importância em se compreender a interação genenutriente, já que as substâncias presentes nos alimentos podem modular a expressão gênica, modificando o fenótipo. O presente trabalho visa pesquisar e compilar os dados da literatura sobre os principais avanços na nutrigenômica e nutrigenética, contribuindo com a formação atualizada de estudantes e profissionais da saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada extensa pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados eletrônicos científicos Pubmed e Medline, por meio dos descritores Nutrigenomic, Nutritional Genomics e Nutrigenetic. Na literatura, os dados observados afirmam que fatores ambientais, principalmente a dieta, podem desencadear diferentes respostas entre os indivíduos em função da variabilidade genética ou polimorfismos. A tecnologia atual permite a identificação de mais de 500 mil polimorfismos por pessoa, porém, somente alguns deles têm efeito funcional. Em eventos epigenéticos, os polimorfismos são responsáveis pela alteração do fenótipo e até mesmo pelas funções dos genes, podendo resultar em alterações metabólicas como no aumento ou redução da necessidade de ingestão dos nutrientes. O desafio é entender como essa interação atua no balanço entre a saúde e a doença. Tal conhecimento poderá possibilitar ao profissional de nutrição uma eficaz intervenção nutricional, uma vez que o mes...