RESUMO
Human biomonitoring has evolved beyond margins to ascertain exposure-response relationship in environmental associated human diseases. As occupational ailments continue to dominate global concerns, biomonitoring strategies have evolved better in terms of evaluating health risks associated with systemic uptake from chronic (long-term) environment exposures. Even though contributions of acute toxic exposures (short-term) towards initiation of disease processes have been gradually recognized, a comprehensive approach delineating mechanistic insights of such an implication remains elusive. Molecular biomonitoring in a strictly selected defined surviving cohort of the infamous Bhopal gas tragedy “as a model”, could provide an unparallel opportunity to discern the long standing implications of acute exposures. Besides comprehending clinical significance of isocyanate toxicity, the results might provide a framework for understanding the molecular repercussions pertaining to a host of other such acute environmental exposures. The investigative strategy might also be helpful in identification of biomarkers with potential for translational research.
Assuntos
Vazamento Acidental em Bhopal , Intoxicação por Gás/diagnóstico , Intoxicação por Gás/história , Humanos , Índia , Monitorização Fisiológica , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/métodos , Isocianatos/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
O diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 representa um grupo heterogêneo de distúrbios metabólicos que compartilha a hiperglicemia. Fatores ambientais são considerados os principais determinantes do aumento global de sua prevalência. Entretanto, a suscetibilidade à doença é reconhecidamente o resultado de fatores genéticos complexos, e a identificação de variantes genéticas relacionadas ao diabetes tipo 2 tem sido um dos principais focos de pesquisa em diabetes relacionada à doença. Progressos em epidemiologia genética, em especial a viabilização dos estudos de mapeamento global do genoma, vêm contribuindo para isso. Esses estudos identificaram diversas variantes genéticas de suscetibilidade ao diabetes em questão, cujo impacto sobre o metabolismo humano normal e sobre a fisiopatologia dessa morbidade precisa ainda ser elucidado. Embora muito ainda tenha de ser compreendido para que essas informações tragam benefícios à prática clínica, esses conhecimentos representam novas perspectivas para o aprimoramento de abordagens preventivas e terapêuticas e para melhor compreensão da interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais implicadas no desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus do tipo 2.
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders sharing hyperglycemia. Environment and life style changes have a primary role in the current epidemic of this illness worldwide, but the inherent susceptibility to the disease is widely attributed to complex genetic factors. The identification of genetic variants influencing the type 2 diabetes is a major focus of research to improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Advances in genetic epidemiology, in particular genome-wide association studies, have significantly contributed tothis. These studies identified many genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes, whose impact on normal human metabolism and on disease should still be elucidated. Although there is a lot to be understood before genetic information can be translated into benefits in clinical practice, this knowledge brings new perspectives to the development of improved preventative and therapeutic strategies, and to better understanding gene-environment interactions implicated in type 2 diabetes.