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The leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba L.are embodied in Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China,mainly contain ginkgo flavonoids,terpene lactones,phenolic acids,isopentenyl alcohol,steroids and other chemical compositions.The extract and active ingredients can be made into tablets,capsules,granules,oral liquid,injection,dripping pills,syrup,tincture and other formulations,clinically used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment.The adverse reactions are allergies,diarrhea,bleeding,liver and kidney toxicity.This review contains the chemical composition,dosage form and clinical adverse reactions of Ginkgo biloba in recent years,for providing a reference of further development and rational utilization of this plant resource.
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Objective To investigate the effect of the MMP-9,BNP and serum cystatin C level by Xingnaojing injection combined with Ginaton on elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 100 cases of acute cerebral infarction patients from March 2014 to March 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group by order of medical treatment,50 cases in each group and got corresponding drug treatment.The levels of CysC,BNP,IL-6 and MMP-9 in the peripheral blood of all patients were detected and compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of MMP-9,IL-6,BNP and CysC in experimental group were lower,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Xingnaojing injection combined with Ginaton can significantly reduce the acute cerebral infarction in the elderly patients with serum MMP-9,IL-6,BN,CysC levels,is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients,the clinical has guiding significance.
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Objective To observe the curative effect of clinically equivalent doses of Xuesaitong and ginaton injections on cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of rats.Methods Male rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group,sham-operation group,model control group,Xuesaitong group and ginaton group.The cerebral ischemia rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Rats in the Xuesaitong group were given 20 mg·kg-1 of Xuesaitong injection,and rats in the ginaton group were intravenously injected with 7.5 mg· kg-1of ginaton immediately after I/R injury and once daily for 7 days.Rats in the sham-operation group and model control group were given the same volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.The score of ethology,volume of cerebral infarction,mortality,superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),xanthine oxidase (XOD),nitrogen oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) in seruu were examined.Results Compared with model control group,Xuesaitong and ginaton effectively reduced behavioral score 96 h (P ＜ 0.05),120 h (P＜0.01),144 h (P＜0.01) and 168 h (P＜0.01) after I/R injury,the volume of cerebral infarction 168 h after I/R injury and NO content (P ＜ 0.05).But they had no effects on NOS,SOD,MDA,and XOD contents.Conclusion Curatively injecting Xuesaitong and ginaton can effectively reduce cerebral I/R injury,but no significant difference in curative efficacy is observed between Xuesaitong and ginaton at clinically equivalent doses.
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Objective@#To observe the effects of Ginaton on blood nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP).@*Methods@#A total of 116 patients with DEACMP who were treated in Emergency Department of Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from January 2012 to April 2016 were enrolled and ran-domly divided into control group and treatment group using a random number table, with 58 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given conventional treatment including hyperbaric oxygen, preven-tion and treatment of cerebral edema, and promotion of brain cell metabolism, and those in the treatment group were given Ginaton in addition to the conventional treatment. The course of treatment was 2 weeks for both groups. The levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) , NO, NOS, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured before treatment and at 2 weeks after treatment, and the change in Mini-Mental State Examina-tion (MMSE) score and clinical outcome were observed in both groups. The correlation between the blood NO level on admission and the MMSE score was analyzed.@*Results@#There was a significant difference in the overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group (81.03% vs 62.07%, χ2 = 5.124, P=0.024). Be-fore treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of NO and NSE, the activity of NOS and iN-OS, and MMSE score between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed reductions in the levels of NO and NSE and the activity of NOS and iNOS, but the treatment group had significantly greater reduc-tions compared with the control group (P<0.05). Both groups showed a significant increase in the MMSE score after treatment, while the treatment group had a significantly greater increase compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the patients with DEACMP, the blood NO level on admission was negatively correlated with the MMSE score (r=-0.268, P=0.004).@*Conclusion@#In the treatment of patients with DEACMP, Ginaton can effectively reduce the levels of NO and NSE and the activity of NOS and iNOS, increase the MMSE score, and promote the recovery of neurological function.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba, Ginaton, on cerebral oxygen utilization coefficients (O2UCc) and lactate clearance rate (LCR) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP).Methods The 196 patients with DEACMP admitted to Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from January 2011 to March 2016 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 98 cases in each groups. The control group received routine treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen, measures to prevent and treat cerebral edema, and promote brain cell metabolism, etc routine therapies: while in the observation group, besides the above routine treatments, additionally intravenous drip of Ginaton 70 mg (with 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250 mL added), once a day, for consecutive 2 weeks to complete one therapeutic course. At ambient air, before treatment and 6, 24 and 72 hours after treatment, the O2UCc and LCR and the changes of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, clinical efficacy and hospital mortality were observed and compared between two groups. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between O2UCc, LCR and MMSE score.Results On the day of admission before treatment, there were no differences in O2UCc, lactate and MMSE score between the two groups (allP > 0.05). At 6 hours, 24 hours after treatment, the levels of O2UCc in observation group were obviously lower than those in control group [6 hours: (40.64±9.50)% vs. (45.78±7.94)%, P = 0.000; 24 hours: (30.51±6.76)% vs. (33.34±8.19)%,P = 0.009], while the levels of LCR were significantly higher than those in control group [6 hours: (14.93±2.27)% vs. (11.45±1.88)%,P = 0.000; 24 hours: (19.86±3.42)% vs. (13.73±2.35)%,P = 0.009]. There were no statistical significant differences in O2UCc and LCR at 72 hours after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). The MMSE scores at 6, 24 and 72 hours after treatment in observation group were higher than those in control group (6 hours: 15.52±3.61 vs. 11.60±2.49, 24 hours: 20.05±5.79 vs. 14.85±5.71,72 hours: 23.87±5.96 vs. 18.07±6.97, allP < 0.05). The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher [77.55% (76/98) vs. 61.22% (60/98),P < 0.05], and the mortality [3.06% (3/98) vs. 10.20% (10/98),P < 0.05] was obviously lower than their own counterparts in control group. The correlation analysis showed that at different time points, the levels of O2UCc were negatively correlated to the corresponding MMSE scores (r6 h = -0.153,r24 h = -0.158, P6 h = 0.032,P24 h = 0.027), and there were positive correlations between the levels of LCR and MMSE scores (r6 h = 0.473, r24 h = 0.242,P6 h = 0.000,P24 h = 0.001) in patients with DEACMP.Conclusions The treatment of Ginaton in patients with DEACMP can effectively elevate the LCR and MMSE score, reduce O2UCc, decrease mortality and improve the prognosis, thus the clinical curative effect is distinct.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the detection method for pyrogen-related factor interleukin 1β(IL-1β)through optimiz-ing detection condition,and to conduct preliminary methodology study. METHODS:The in vitro fresh human whole blood detec-tion method was used. The bacterial endotoxin standard solution(5,2,0.8,0.32 EU/ml)were added into diluted blood;using di-luted RPMI 1640 as blank control,the content of IL-1β in blood sample was determined by ELISA after incubation. The relation-ship of the addition of different attenuants(RPMI 1640 culture,sterilized normal saline)and fetal bovine serum,final dilution vol-ume fraction(40%,20%,10%and 8.3%)and storage duration(2,5,6,8,26 h)with the contents of endotoxin IL-1βwere in-vestigated,and related coefficient and detection limits were calculated. Different dilution times of Qingkailing injection and Ginaton injection samples and interference solutions were added into diluted blood to detect their recovery. RESULTS:The results indicated that RPMI 1640 media and 40% diluted blood was more sensitive(detection limit was 0.128 EU/ml,r=0.993);while the addition of fetal bovine serum didn’t influence the results. The detection limits of blood sample storied at 4 ℃ for 26 h were 0.128 EU/ml (r>0.990). When Qingkailing injection and Ginaton injection were diluted 10,32 and more times,the detection method was not interfered and the recovery ranged 68%-118%. CONCLUSIONS:Established in vitro fresh human whole blood detection method can be used for the detection of pyrogen,and provides trial evidence for the pyrogen detection of TCM injection.
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Objective: To observe the effects of ginaton and nitroglycerin injection on expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and cardioprotective mechanism in rabbits with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods : Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, 5 rabbits being in each group. The model was not replicated in the sham-operated group. Myocardial I/R models were replicated in animals in normal saline, ginatone and nitroglycerin injection groups and were administered with normal saline, ginatone and nitroglycerin injection respectively 0.5 hour before ischemia. Western blot was used to measure HSP70 of ischemia and non-ischemia myocardium and the expression of HSP70 was analyzed semiquantitatively . Serum nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and total superoxide dismutase (TCD*2SOD) , creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured. Results: HSP70 was less expressed in sham-operated group and more expressed in normal saline group, ginaton group and nitroglycerin injection group. Expression of HSP70 of ischemia and non-ischemia myocardium in normal saline group was 2.5CD*2 and 2.1CD*2fold, in ginaton group 17.6CD*2 and 20.7CD*2fold and in nitroglycerin group 28.1CD*2 and 29.1CD*2fold to that in the shamCD*2operated group, respectively. The activity of TCD*2SOD was lower while MDA and CK levels were higher in the normal saline group than those in the sham-operated group (all P
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Objective To investigate the effects of Ginaton on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS).Methods The acute lung injury rat model was induced by receiving 5 mg/kg LPS injection in tail vein.A total of 63 Wistar rats were divide into 3 groups without caring sex.Saline control group,LPS treated group and Ginaton treated group.The samples of different groups were collected 2 h,6 h,and 10 h after tail vein administration.Serum soluble cell ashesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was measured by ELISA,immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting of NF-kB were performed on sections of lung specimens.Results The acute lung injury rat model was successfully induced by receiving LPS injection in tail vein.The sICAM-1 levels increased more in Ginaton treated group than those in Saline control group (P＜0.01),and the increase in LPS treated group were the highest.By immunohistochemical staining,the positive NF-kB cells in Ginaton treated group were much less than those in LPS treated group (P＜0.01),and in Saline control group were least (P＜0.01).The results of the Western-blot method were consistent with immunohistochemical method.Conclusion ALI could be induced by LPS,Ginaton showed a protective effect through probably inhibiting activation of NF-kB on LPS-induced-ALI in this animal model.
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Objective Using Ginaton to treat old patients of vascular hyperkinesia after spontaneous subarachnoid hem- orrhage.Methods 34 patients of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated by Ginaton.Test the plasma en- dothelin(ET),thromboxanes(TXB2),(PGF)before and after the treatment.Results The patients using Ginaton got significantly lower ET and TXB2 after the treatment ET(52.52?18 048 )ng/L; TXB2(62.95?22.94)ng/L and higher PGF(75.98?20.78)ng/L.Conclusion Using Ginaton is a good way to treat vascular hyperkinesia after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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AIM: To observe the clini cal effect of ginaton in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: 68 cases of acute cerebral infarction within 7 days of onset accepted three weeks ginaton therapy. 20 ml of ginaton injection was added to 5% 250 ml glucose solution or 250ml normal saline solution for intravenous d rip. RESULTS: Among 40 mild cases, the significant effective rat e was 62.5 %, and the score effective rate was 95%. The neural function defec tive between pre-treatment and post-treatment showed a high significant differ ence (P