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A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, to study the “Response of sesame growth and yield to jivamrut” during kharif season of 2020 with Seven treatment combinations comprising, three levels of jivamrut, two time of application of jivamrut and one control (No jivamrut) were evaluated in randomized block design (in a factorial arrangement) with single control and replicated four times. The results of present investigation revealed that significantly the highest plant height and branches per plant were found with application of jivamrut. Levels of jivamrut and time of application of jivamrut were found non-significant with respect to plant height. Time of application of jivamrut was found significant with respect to branches per plant but levels of jivamrut was found non-significant. The yield attributes of sesame viz., number of capsules per plant, test weight, seed yield and stalk yield were found significant due to application of jivamrut, levels of jivamrut and time of application of jivamrut. Application of jivamrut was found significant but levels and time of application of jivamrut were found non-significant with respect to number of seeds per capsule. Application jivamrut provided significantly higher seed (556 kg/ha) and stalk (1425 kg/ha) yields of sesame, in case of levels of jivamrut (L3) 1000 lit/ha recorded significantly higher seed (607 kg/ha) and stalk (1513 kg/ha) yields of sesame and application of jivamrut at 20 days interval recorded significantly higher seed (647 kg/ha) and stalk (1708 kg/ha) yields as well as higher net return and benefit: cost ratio also found with this (L3) and 20 days interval. Interaction was found non-significant for yield attributes and yield.
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A field experiment on integrated nutrient management practices for the field trial was conducted on a research farm at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences School of Agricultural Sciences. This experimental study was carried out in 2022-2023 during the Rabi seasons respectively. Black gram is one of the important pulse crops, grown throughout the country. There were 10 different treatment studies were implemented using a randomized block design. The results of the comparative analysis of the various treatments have highly stated that 75 % RDF + Soil application of 2 kg each of Rhizobial culture and Phosphobacteria+ Foliar spray of 1% TNAU Pulse wonder @ 30 and 45 DAS T7 is conducive for the cultivation of Blackgram (Vamban-8) with significant economics of production.
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To assess the significance of mulching and nutrients on the performances of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) with respect to the qualitative character's during 2019–20, a field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm-1 of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya-Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow. The experiment was laid out in RBD having three replications. The result revealed significantly highest Tss (11.28)0Brix, Total Sugar (8.98%), Reducing Sugar (6.41%), Non Reducing Sugar (2.57%), Acidity (0.31%) and Ascorbic Acid (41.90 mg/100g) in treatment T14 (Black polythene + Vermicompost 50% + NPK 50%) followed by the treatment T13 (Black polythene + FYM 50% + NPK 50%). Treatment T1 (the control), on the other hand, performed poorly in terms of all qualitative character’s. In light of the results, it can be said that using Black polythene with Vermicompost 50% + NPK 50% in strawberry increases all qualitative attributing characters, while Black polythene with FYM 50% + NPK 50% produced the second-best results.
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In this study, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq: Fr) Kummer) were grown with various substrate additions to determine their effects on yield. We ran tests to know different supplements affected the yield and growth of mushrooms. The substrate, composed primarily of sawdust and straw, served as the growth medium. The research encompassed controlled environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light, over a defined study period. Our findings revealed significant variations in mushroom yield and growth parameters across the different supplement treatments. The best supplements to the substrate treatment combination were observed T14- Wheat Straw (60%), + Rice Straw (34 %) + Gram Flour (2% of the substrate) (451.69g) and (452.33g) followed by T11 – Rice Straw (60%), + Wheat Straw (34 %) + Maize Flour (2% of the substrate) which increased the yield of oyster mushroom, while others exhibited nuanced effects on mushroom quality. Statistical analyses supported these observations. The implications of this research extend to both commercial and amateur mushroom cultivators. Understanding the influence of substrate supplements on Oyster mushroom growth can lead to more efficient and cost-effective cultivation practices. By optimizing substrate composition, growers can enhance yields, potentially increasing profitability and sustainability in the mushroom industry. This study also highlights the need for further exploration in the field, including investigations into the specific mechanisms underlying supplement-substrate interactions.
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Effect of pre-sowing magnetic field (MF) and electric current treatments on germination, seedling parameters and yield attributes in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L) was investigated in this experiment. This study was designed to check the response of magnetic and electric treatments with different intensities and durations on buckwheat on different growth, yield and seedling parameters such as field emergence, leaf surface area, plant height, days to first flowering, seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, germination per-cent, root length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, vigour index ?, seed metabolic efficiency and chlorophyll content (a & b). Seeds of Buckwheat (IC-329456) treated by using an AC magnetic flux intensities 75mT, 100mT, 125mT for 3 and 5 minutes in the magnetic field and AC electric current ranging from 75mA, 100mA, 125mA for 30,60,90 seconds. In this study, it found that among various treatments T6 (Magnetic field @ 125mT for 5 minutes) performing better in terms of field emergence (96.04%), leaf area (30.87m2), days to first flowering(46days), seed yield per plant (8.80g), while lowest was found in control. Results showed that the seeds treated with magnetic field demonstrated remarkable effects on growth and yield parameters of buckwheat. Germination per-cent (99%), seedling fresh weight (0.177g), seedling dry weight (0.035) and chlorophyll (a & b) content was maximum in T6 (Magnetic field @ 125mT for 5 minutes) which performed better among the other treatments. Effect of treatments on seedling parameters were found to be non-significant. Both the electric current and magnetic field treatment of seeds is likely to play an important role in production of food which is free from toxic and chemical residues were beneficial for human consumption.
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A two-year field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur in 2021 and 2022 was laid out in a Split-Split design with four main, two sub and two sub-sub treatments with three replications to evaluate effect of conservation agricultural practices on growth and yield of pigeonpea. The treatments with flat bed, Compartment bund, Ridge and furrow & Broad bed and furrow were takes on main, treatments with mulching and without mulching an sub treatment and FYM and RDF & FYM an sub-sub treatment. Among them ridges and furrow (M3) method along with mulching FYM and RDF was found to have positive influence of growth parameters viz., plant height, number of primary branches and total dry matter production at harvest stage. Adopting the ridge and furrow method can be an effective strategy for optimizing the grain yield (1555 kg ha-1 and 1599 kg ha-1) in 2021 and 2022 in pigeonpea crop respectively.
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A Field experiment titled “Influence of Boron and Molybdenum on growth, yield and economics of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer kabulium L.)” was conducted during Rabi 2022-2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.4), low in organic carbon (0.58%), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (32.30 kg/ha) and available K (350 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The result showed that growth parameters of Kabuli Chickpea viz., Higher plant height (68.49 cm), dry weight (24.34 g), number of nodules per plant (41.03) and the yield attributes namely pods per plant (14.29), seeds per pod (2.00), seed yield (3.29 t/ha), stover yield (3.36 t/ha) and harvest index (43.80%) were recorded significantly higher with application of treatment 9 Boron 2 kg/ha + Molybdenum 1.5 kg/ha. The higher net returns (122,782 INR/ha), gross return (165,977 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.84) was recorded with application of Boron 2 kg/ha + Molybdenum 1.5 kg/ha.
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A field experiment ‘‘Response of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to potassium and sulphur’’ was conducted at S D Agricultural University, Gujarat during rabi season 2021-22 on loamy sand soil. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations. Application of 40 kg K2O/ha significantly influenced the growth viz., plant height at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, number of primary, secondary, tertiary branches per plant and yield attributes viz., number of umbels per plant, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight as well as seed and straw yields. The maximum seed and straw yields were recorded under the application of 30 kg S/ha similar response trend was also observed in growth and yield attributes.
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Aims: This study aims to evaluate the five clones of jojoba plant under the influence of irrigation intervals and the impact on growth and yield of chemical content. Study Design: Two field experiments were carried out for five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and S-G), to study the effect of irrigation intervals; one week (control), two weeks and three weeks) on jojoba plants at aged three and thirteen years from planting to investigation growth, yield characters and content seed from oil and some chemical contents. Place and Duration of Study: Almaghara Research and Production Station (latitude: 30,717993''N, longitude: 33, 329103 E) which follow Desert Research Center, Agriculture Ministry, Egypt, at 2015l2016 and 2016/2017 respectively. Methodology: The experimental rows (5 plants) were assigned for each clone in three replications. The farming distances were 4 x 2 meters. Mixed seedlings of both females and males were planted at a rate of one male seedling for every six female seedlings to allow cross-fertilization of each clone. All clones were treatment at three times (October, March and April). The plants were collected on 22nd April to determine the growth, yield characters and some chemical content. Statistical analyses and mean comparisons were conducted using MSTATC software. Results: The jojoba plant was affected by increased irrigation interval, and it was clear in all clones. Irrigation every three weeks had an impact of irrigation every week. The effect of irrigation interval varied from one clone to another and the lowest was s-700. The older seedlings are less affected by irrigation interval than small seedlings. The best results were category s-700 at the age of thirteen years and irrigation every two weeks. Conclusion: All variable of studied confirmed that clones of jojoba had a significant effect with irrigation interval at one week but decrease value at three weeks. Jojoba plants tolerance to water stress but irrigation interval every week increased seed yield.
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Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rott and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fieldes in New Valley governorate, Egypt. All the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. Giza 40) causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases. R. solani isolates 2 and 5, F. solani isolate 8, F. oxysporum isolate 12 and M. phaseolina isolate 14 were the more virulent ones in the pathogenicity tests. Biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride and Bacillus megaterium) and chemical inducers (salicylic acid [SA] and hydrogen peroxide) individually or in combination were examined for biological control of damping-off and root rot/wilt and growth promoting of faba bean plants in vitro and in vivo. Both antagonistic biocontrol agents and chemical inducers either individually or in combination inhibited growth of the tested pathogenic fungi. Biocontrol agents combined with chemical inducers recorded the highest inhibited growth especially in case SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium. Under green house and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off and root rot/wilt severity and increased of survival plants. Also, these treatments increased fresh and weights of the survival plants in pots compared with control. The combination between biocontrol agents and chemical inducers were more effective than used of them individually and SA + T. viride was the best treatment in this respect. Also, under field conditions, all these treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and number of branches per plant) and yield components (number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield per feddan) and protein content in both seasons (2010~2011 and 2011~2012). Faba bean seeds soaked in SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium were recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components. Generally, the combination between biocontrol agents and chemical inducers recorded the best results for controlling damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in greenhouse and field with addition improved plant growth and increased yield components in field.
Assuntos
Bacillus , Egito , Fungos , Fusarium , Hidrogênio , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Plantas , Rhizoctonia , Ácido Salicílico , Estações do Ano , Sementes , Vicia faba , Pesos e MedidasRESUMO
An experiment was conducted with four dates of sowing (Second fortnight of May, First fortnight of June, Second fortnight of June and First fortnight of July) and four Varieties (TMV-2, JL-24, Narayani and Abhaya). There was wide variation in the weather conditions that prevailed over the cropping periods between the two years of experimentation. During the first year (2006) a continuous dryspell of 51 days prevailed which coincided with different growth stages of groundnut under different dates of sowing. This dry spell has not favoured the growth and development of crop, instead, it has increased the crop duration of different varieties of groundnut studied under the present investigation. The crop duration was 139-146 days in early sown crop to 110-125 days in normal sown crop compared to normal duration of 105 to 120 days. However, the second year (2007) is normal with better temporal distribution of rains and the crop duration ranged from 104-120 days in early sown crop to 108-121 days under normal sown crop. The length of growth period in 2006 is due to receipt of continuous rains after dry spell of 51 days from seed development phase to physiological maturity. In 2007,the crop which received heavy rains (22 June sown crop ) from 90 DAS to harvest was adversely affected resulting poor filling and low yields. The results revealed that Sowing during July first fortnight was found to be optimum time for groundnut during drought year, while during normal year advancing the sowing date by one month may also favour good crop provided there were good rains. The performance of Abhaya cultivar was better than the Narayani, TMV-2 and JL-24 under different kinds of environments like extreme moisture stress, stress free or even under moderate stress conditions. However, in normal year TMV-2 and JL-24 performance was also good compared to drought year.