Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Healthy Life-style Guiding Principles Based on Delphi Indagate / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Through the expert questionnaire (Delphi Indagate) to form Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Healthy Lifestyle Guiding Principles.We conducted two rounds of surveys of TCM experts in the field of preventive health care on the basis of previous literature research.This study was aimed to form the framework in order to entry to the TCM Healthy Life-style Guiding Principles.The results showed that the positive coefficient of experts in two rounds of investigation were 84.31％ and 100％,respectively.The authoritative decree were both more than 0.7.The expert opinion score mean median was 9.21 and 9.085.Median mean values were 7.965 and 7.925.The median scores of full marks were higher than 65.12％ and 66.67％.The minimum coefficients of variation were 0.11 and 0.10.It was concluded that in the investigation and study,the enthusiasm of the experts,professional standards and credibility were high.Expert opinion is more concentrated.Expert opinion is well coordinated and gradually converges through two rounds of surveys.Through the Delphi indagate,the basic framework and items of TCM guiding principles of healthy lifestyle were established,which laid the foundation for further standardizing the guiding principles of TCM in healthy lifestyle.

Potencialidades e limites das explicações evolutivas da cultura: um enfoque diacrônico / Potential and limits of evolutionary explanations of culture: a diachronic approach

O artigo tem como objetivo a apresentação de algumas propostas relacionadas com a extensão do domínio do darwinismo ao âmbito cultural. Em particular, foi dado destaque aos modelos aqui chamados diacrônicos, que sugerem a existência de padrões de mudança cultural ao longo do tempo, conforme a teoria da seleção natural. Por meio de uma análise epistemológica de caráter mais geral, considera-se a relação entre explicação evolutiva e explicação histórica, com a finalidade de esboçar características comuns aos modelos considerados e definir sua força teórica e seus limites estruturais. Finalmente, em um plano mais especulativo, indica-se uma possível direção de pesquisa para estudos futuros.

The aim of this article is to present some proposals concerning how broadly Darwinism can be applied to the realm of culture. Particular attention is paid to the models here called diachronic, which suggest the existence of patterns of cultural change over time according to the theory of natural selection. By means of a broader epistemological analysis, the relationship between an evolutionary explanation and a historical explanation is considered with a view to tracing the common features of the models in question and bringing to light their relative theoretical cogency and structural limitations. Finally, and more speculatively, potential areas for future research are indicated.

Current Situation of Use of Antimicrobials and Feasibility and Difficulty in Intervention for Rational Use of Antimicrobials in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the feasibility and difficulty in carrying out intervention for rational use of antimicro?bials.METHODS:Based on the actual situation of use of antimicrobials in China,the presence and absence of irrational use and the necessity of carrying out intervention for clinical rational use of antimicrobials were analysed.RESULTS:In China,the use of antimicrobials was excessively frequent,and peroperative use had the irrationality of undue indication,course too long and high-grade drug at the start.Furthemore,there was irrationality in choice of antimicrobials and neglect in special population,which resulted in increase of drug-resistant strain and ADRs.CONCLUSION:There are necessity and feasibility to carry out“Guide to clinical use of antimicrobials”and to implement the intervention for rational use of antimicrobials,however,difficulty exists as well.

Guiding principles in developing community health service in the new century / 中华医院管理杂志

Community health service in the new century has entered a new stage of development. To ensure the healthy advancement of community health service in the course of system building, the following guiding principles must be adhered to: spurring on system innovation with concept innovation and giving full play to the staying power of community health service; taking the introduction of the competition mechanism as the soul and unremitting impetus of innovation; persisting in the solution of problems accompanying advance and development with methods promoting development; taking the strategic readjustment of health resources as the main line of development; taking the attainment of a favorable external environment as the impetus of development; and sticking to a path of coordinated growth that stresses both quality and speed.