RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad constituye un serio problema de salud con elevada morbi-mortalidad infantil en el mundo, alcanza un 8% de hospitalizaciones y la letalidad en esos casos puede llegar al 4%. El conocimiento de pruebas hematológicas analíticas, a pesar de ser inespecíficas, apoya en la orientación diagnóstica para un mejor manejo inicial de las formas graves de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar las características epidemiológicas y las alteraciones de pruebas analíticas en pacientes pediátricos con Neumonía Grave Adquirida en la Comunidad, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del Hospital Docente Materno Infantil Dr. A.A.Aballí. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, tipo serie de casos en niños ingresados con neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del Hospital Docente Materno Infantil Dr. A.A.Aballí. Resultados: Predominó la edad mayor de un año y el sexo femenino, la principal complicación fue el derrame pleural, el 27,4% tuvo una estadía superior a siete días, en el conteo de neutrófilos, la velocidad de sedimentación globular y la proteína C reactiva positiva predominaron los valores superiores a la media, la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron hipoalbuminemia. Conclusiones: La prevalencia fue mayor entre 1 y 4 años de edad, el derrame pleural fue la complicación más común, y la alteración de todas las pruebas hematológicas analíticas realizadas al ingreso fue prevalente. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(3):51-8.
Abstract Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia is a serious health problem with high worldwide infant morbidity and mortality, reaching 8% of hospitalizations and, in these cases, lethality can reach 4%. Despite being non-specific, the knowledge of analytical hematological tests supports the diagnostic orientation for a better initial management of this disease's severe forms. Objective: To identify the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory tests abnormalities in pediatric patients with severe Community Acquired Pneumonia at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Teaching Maternity- Child Hospital Dr. A.A. Aballí. Materials and method: A descriptive investigation was carried out, with a series of cases in hospitalized children with severe Community Acquired Pneumonia at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Teaching Maternity- Child Hospital Dr. A.A. Aballí. Results: Prevalence was greater in over one year old children and in female patients, the main complication was pleural effusion, 27.4% had a stay of more than seven days; neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and protein C Reactive positive values were above the average and most of the patients presented hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: Prevalence was higher between 1 and 4 years, pleural effusion was the most common complication, and the alteration of all hematological tests performed at admission was prevalent. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(3):51-8.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pneumonia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Derrame Pleural , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Hipoalbuminemia , Lactente , Abscesso PulmonarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. METHODS: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length (7.04 μm) than the controls (0.94 μm). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). CONCLUSION: We found a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.