Effects of different exercise on liver lipid accumulation and FGF21 secretion in obese rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of continuous exercise training (CT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) on liver lipid metabolism and the correlation of the level of fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) in serum and liver tissues. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet group (N) and obesity model group (H) after 1 week of adaptive feeding. Rats in the obesity model group were fed with 45% high-fat diet for about 8 weeks, and 20% weight increase compared with normal rats was considered as obesity. The rats were divided into normal diet control group (LC), normal diet HIIT group (LHI), normal diet CT group (LCT), High fat diet-induced obese control group (OC), obese HIIT group (OHI), and obese CT group (OCT) (n=10). Exercised rats were given weight-bearing swimming training intervention for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at least 24h after the last exercise intervention to detect the serum levels of inflammatory factors and FGF21. Liver tissue samples were collected to detect the lipid content, lipid metabolic enzyme content and FGF21 expression level. Results: Compared with LC group, the body weight, serum inflammatory factors levels and hepatic triglyceride content were increased significantly (P＜0.05). Hepatic triglyceride content was downregulated in LHI group and FGF21 expression level was enhanced in LCT group (P＜0.05). Compared with OC group, the body weight and hepatic triglyceride content were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), mitochondrial CPT-1β and β-HAD enzyme contents in liver were increased significantly (P＜0.05) in OHI group, the contents of LPL and FAT/CD36 enzyme in liver and the levels of FGF21 in serum and liver of OCT group were increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Both exercise modes can reduce the body weight in normal and obese rats, and lipid deposition in the liver of obese rats. HIIT has a more significant effect on alleviating liver lipid deposition in obese rats by upregulating mitochondrial lipid oxidation level in normal and obese rats. CT improves the levels of FGF21 in serum and liver tissues of normal and obese rats, enhances enzyme contents that involved in fatty acids uptake to the liver, which has limited effect on alleviating lipid deposition in liver of obese rats.

Pyruvate Supplementation Can Prevent HIIE-induced Metabolic Acidosis and Increase the Expression of MCT1/MCT4 in Skeletal Muscles of Rats / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

As one of the causes of exercise-induced fatigue, exercise-induced metabolic acidosis has attracted much attention. The effect of pyruvate supplementation on exercise-induced metabolic acidosis is rarely reported, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an important role in the maintenance of the acid-base balance, but it is not clear whether pyruvate can alleviate acidosis by increasing the expression of MCTs. In this study, pyruvate (616 mg/kg/day) was supplemented to rats for one week, and then acute HIIE was performed. The HIIE protocol comprised 13 repeats of a 60 s sprint session at 110% VO

Efeitos do exercício físico sobre o perfil lipídico e inflamatório de mulheres jovens em uso de contraceptivo oral combinado: protocolo de um estudo sequencial cruzado / Effects of physical exercise on the lipid and inflammatory profile of young women using combined oral contraceptives: protocol of a crosssectional study

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de contraceptivos orais combinados (COC) trata-se de um fator de risco para a doença aterosclerótica por comprometer o perfil lipídico e inflamatório, podendo o exercício físico minimizar essas condições. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que exercício físico pode modificar o perfil lipídico e inflamatório de mulheres em uso COC. MÉTODOS: Protocolo de um estudo sequencial cruzado com mulheres de 20 e 30 anos, irregularmente ativas, em uso de COC há pelo menos 6 meses. Realizouse uma avaliação físico-clínica (AFC) nas participantes com medidas antropométricas, VO2máx. indireto e análise do perfil lipídico e inflamatório. Na sequência separou-se as participantes em 2 grupos: O grupo intervenção inicial (GII) que iniciou praticando exercícios intervalados de alta intensidade por 2 meses, e o grupo intervenção posterior (GIP), que seguiu irregularmente ativo pelo mesmo período. Em seguida o GII e o GIP alternariam suas condições por mais 2 meses, totalizando 4 meses de acompanhamento e 3 AFC, realizadas no início, após 2 meses e ao final do estudo. As informações colhidas foram divididas em 3 momentos: Momento inicial (MI), momento pós exercício (MPE) e pós inatividade (MPI).

INTRODUCTION: The use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease because it compromises the lipid and inflammatory profile, and physical exercise can minimize these conditions. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that high intensity interval physical exercise promotes changes in the lipid and inflammatory profile of women who are irregularly active using COC. METHODS: Protocol of a crosssectional study with women of 20 and 30 years, irregularly active, using COC for at least 6 months. A physicalclinical assessment (AFC) was performed on the participants with anthropometric measurements, VO2max. analysis and analysis of the lipid and inflammatory profile. Afterwards, the participants were divided into 2 groups: the initial intervention group (GII) that started practicing high intensity interval exercises for 2 months, and the posterior intervention group (GIP), which remained irregularly active for the same period. Then the GII and GIP would alternate their conditions for another 2 months, totaling 4 months of follow-up and 3 AFC, performed at the beginning, after 2 months and at the end of the study. The information collected was divided into 3 moments: Initial moment (MI), post-exercise moment (MPE) and post-inactivity (MPI).

Hypotensive response to continuous aerobic and high-intensity interval exercise matched by volume in sedentary subjects / Resposta hipotensiva ao exercício aeróbio contínuo e intervalado de alta intensidade pareados por volume em indivíduos sedentários

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the main risk factors for heart disease. Among the benefits linked to different modalities of physical exercise, post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is a key point for exercise prescription in this condition. Objective: To investigate and compare PEH in response to continuous aerobic exercise (CONT) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), matched by volume, in sedentary individuals. Methods: A randomized cross-over study, composed of sedentary, healthy male subjects submitted to two acute physical exercise protocols matched by volume, HIIE and CONT, on a treadmill. Hemodynamic measures for the evaluation of PEH were performed pre, immediately after exercise and every five minutes thereafter, during one hour of recovery. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used for comparisons between groups and Bonferroni post hoc test as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Both exercise protocols promoted significant PEH, with reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). HIIE promoted a reduction of SBP and MAP at the 15th minute, whereas the same effect was observed at the 30th following CONT. Conclusion: Both HIIE and CONT, matched by volume, promote PEH of similar magnitude. However, PEH occurs earlier following HIIE, suggesting a better time /effectiveness ratio, and an additional beneficial effect of this modality

Efeito agudo da intensidade do exercício sobre as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas em jovens com excesso de peso / Acute effect of exercise intensity on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables in young with excess weight

O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a resposta aguda das variáveis aeróbias durante o exercício intervalado de alta intensidade (EIAI) e o exercício contínuo moderado (ECONT) realizado por jovens com excesso de peso. Participaram do estudo 12 jovens (11,01 ± 1,82 anos; 69,09 ± 22,50kg; 154,43 ± 15,17; 28,27 ± 4,82kg/m2 ). Na primeira visita foi realizado um teste incremental máximo em cicloergômetro para determinação do consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico), potência pico e da frequência cardíaca pico (FCpico).Na segunda e terceira visitas foram realizados os protocolos de EIAI (10 repetições de 60s a 90% da potência pico para 60s de intervalo passivo) e ECONT (18 minutos contínuos a 50% da potência pico), ambos equalizados pelo trabalho total (kJ). Durante o EIAI e o ECONT, a FC e o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) foram continuamente mensurados. A concentração de lactato sanguíneo ([La]) foi determinada imediatamente após o término dos protocolos de exercício. Apesar da equalização do trabalho, os valores de FCpico (182 ± 3,34 vs 164 ± 3,34bpm), percentual do VO2pico (91 ± 2,00 vs. 76 ± 2,00 %), potência pico (105,0 ± 2,86 vs. 58,33 ± 2,86 W) e [La] (3,2 ± 0,12 vs. 1,8 ± 0,12 mmol.L-1 ) foram significantemente maiores no EIAI quando comparados ao ECONT. Concluímos que o EIAI resultou em maior estresse cardiovascular e metabólico comparado ao ECONT, refletido pelos valores de %VO2pico, FC e [La]. Por fim, destacamos a possibilidade do EIAI ser incorporado aos exercícios aeróbios de natureza contínua durante diferentes programas de atividade física praticada pelos jovens....(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare the acute response of aerobic variables during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (MCE) performed by obese adolescents. The study included 12 young (11.01 ± 1.82 years; 69.09 ± 22,50 kg; 154.43 ± 15.17cm; 28.27 ± 4.82 kg/m2 ). At the first visit was done a maximum incremental test on a cycle ergometer to determine the peak power and peak heart rate (HRpeak). At the second and third visits were conducted the EIAI (10 repetitions of 60s to 90% of peak power to 60s passive interval) and ECONT protocols (18 minutes continuously at 50% of peak power), both equalized by work (kJ). During HIIE and MCE, HR and oxygen consumption (VO2) were continuously measured. The blood lactate concentration ([La]) was determined immediately after the end of exercise protocols. Despite the equalization of work, HRpeak values (182 ± 3.34 vs 164 ± 3.34 bpm), percentage of VO2 peak (91 ± 2.00 vs. 2.00 ± 76%), power peak (105.0 ± 2.86 vs. 58.33 ± 2.86 W) and [La] (3.2 ± 1.8 vs. 0.12 ± 0.12 mmol.L-1 ) were significantly higher in HIIE compared to MCE. Concluded that HIIE results in an increase in cardiovascular and metabolic stress when VO2 peak, HR and [La]. Finally, we highlight the possibility to incorporate the HIIE in aerobic exercise continuous during different physical activity programs practiced by obese adolescents....(AU)

A study on the effect of high intensity interval exercise on peroxidation and vascular endothelial function for hyperhomocysteinemia rats / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the influence of high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) on peroxidation and vascular endothelial function for experimental hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) rats. Methods Thirty five male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group (n=8) was given ordinary feed. High methionine group (n=27) was given 3% methionine on this basis, and divided into model group, folic acid group and HIIT+ folic acid group, with 9 rats per group for 16 weeks. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) , content of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) , hydroxyl radical (OH-), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, as well as the level of Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) . The pathology of abdominal aortas was analyzed.Results Sixteen weeks after intervention, there was no significant difference between HIIT + folic acid group and the control group (P>0.05) . The levels of serum Hcy in the model group, folic acid group and the HIIT+folic acid group were (23.95±3.35) μmol/L,(8.73±0.60) μmol/L, and (6.19±0.34) μmol/L respectively (P<0.05) . Sixteen weeks after intervention, the content of MDA in HIIT+ folic acid group reduced, and there was no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The level of SOD and GSH-PX increased in HIIT+ folic acid group and folic acid group, and there was a significant difference compared with the model group. There were significant differences in activities of SOD and GSH-PX in HIIT+ folic acid group when compared with folic acid group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in levels of ET-1, NOS and NO in folic acid group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the level of ET-1 and NOS between HIIT+folic acid group and control group (P>0.05) . Mild atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the HIIT+folic group. Conclusion High methionine diet can reduce the level of serum Hcy in HHcy rats, and high intensity interval exercise combined with folic acid intervention could reduce the level of serum Hcy, improve oxidative stress state, reduce the injury of endothelial function, and thus to alleviate atherosclerotic lesion.

Ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad como estrategia terapéutica para diabéticos tipo 2 residentes en alturas intermedias / High-intensity interval exercise as a therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetic persons living in moderately elevated regions

Introducción: El ejercicio físico contribuye al control glicémico en los pacientes diabéticos y disminuye la aparición de complicaciones. Objetivo: Identificar una modalidad de ejercicio eficiente para los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 residentes en alturas intermedias. Métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo de carácter cuasi experimental. Se evaluaron 15 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2, residentes en Pamplona, Colombia, adscritos a una institución prestadora de servicios de salud. La muestra se dividió de forma aleatoria en tres grupos: cinco pacientes para el grupo de ejercicio combinado, cinco para el grupo de ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad y cinco controles, sin actividad física alguna. Todos los participantes realizaron actividad física sistemática y supervisada durante ocho semanas entre septiembre y octubre de 2014. Se midieron las concentraciones de hemoglobina glicosilada antes y después de la intervención para cada uno de los tres grupos. Resultados: Ambas modalidades de ejercicio disminuyeron significativamente las concentraciones del marcador serológico analizado. Para el ejercicio combinado: antes de la prueba 7,20 por ciento; después de la prueba 6,80 por ciento (-0,40). Para el ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad: antes 7,50; después 7,08 (-0,42); por el contrario, el grupo control presentó aumento en las concentraciones de hemoglobina glicosilada: antes 8,30 por ciento y después 8,42 por ciento (+0,12). Conclusiones: La modalidad de ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad disminuye en mayor proporción las concentraciones de hemoglobina glicosilada, de ahí que sea la opción de actividad física más eficiente para los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 residentes en alturas intermedias(AU)

Introduction: Exercise offers great benefits for glycemic control of diabetic patients and decreases the occurrence of complications. Objective: To identify a more effective and less time-consuming exercise modality for patients with type 2 diabetes who live in middle-altitude areas. Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental study which evaluated 15 patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, who lived in Pamplona, Colombia, and were cared for by a health service provider institution called Fundación Médico Preventiva. The sample was randomly divided into three groups, that is, five patients for the combined exercise group, five for the high-intensity interval exercise group and five for the control group which did not perform any physical activity. The two first groups performed systematic supervised physical activity for 8 weeks from September to October, 2014. Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were measured before and after the intervention in each group. Results: Both types of exercise significantly decreased the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. For the combined exercise group, the results were pre-test: 7.2 percent and post-test 6.8 percent (-0.34); for the high-intensity interval exercise group: pre-test 7.5 and post-test 7.08 (-0.42) whereas the control group increased their levels of glycosylated hemoglobin: pre-test 8.3 percent and post-test 8.42 percent (+0.12). Conclusions: It was observed that high-intensity interval exercise reduce glycosylated hemoglobin in higher proportions, thus becoming a more effective physical activity option for type 2 diabetic patients(AU)

Effect of different type of exercise on mitochondrial homeostasis in rats with myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigated the different effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIT) on ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The AMI rat model was achieved by ligating coronary artery.The AMI and sham operation rats were randomly (random number) divided into four groups:sham operation group (Sham),AMI control group (AMI),AMI MCT group (AMI + M),and AMI HIT group (AMI + H).Animals in the AMI + M and AMI + H groups underwent 4 weeks MCT and HIT respectively.Five weeks after AMI,hemodynamic changes,mitochondrial bioenergetics,and PINK1,Beclinl,Mfn2,Drp1,Tfam,COXⅣ,PGC-1α were detected.Results Comparing with AMI group,in AMI + M and AMI + H groups,Beclin1,PINK1,Mfn2 and PGC-1α expression elevated significantly (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01),whereas ROS generation and Drp1 expression showed dramatic decrease (P ＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01).In addition,in AMI + H group,±dp/dt max,mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP synthesis activity,Tfam and COXⅣ expression improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Comparing with AMI + M group,in AMI + H group,± dp/dt max,PGC-1α,Tfam and COX Ⅳ expression improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HIT is superior to MCT for ameliorating ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after AMI.