Protection and Risk Factors for Attempted Suicide in Mexican Students Majoring in Psychology / Factores de protección y de riesgo para el intento de suicidio en estudiantes mexicanos de la licenciatura en psicología

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students ranges from 14.1% to 27.9%, with suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 29. Hopelessness, decreased self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation are among the main risk factors. Objective To determine the effect of hopelessness, depression, anxiety, stress, drug use, and self-efficacy on suicide attempts in Mexican psychology students. Method A quantitative, cross-sectional study was undertaken with a sample of 3,438 students from sixty-two universities accredited by the National Council for Teaching and Research in Psychology (CNEIP) from six regions in Mexico. Results A total of 19.9% reported attempted suicide (85.1% women and 14.9% men); 36.4% drug use; 40.2% moderate to extreme stress; 50.1% anxiety, and 40.7% depression; 74.1% medium to high emotional dysregulation; 30.2% moderate to high hopelessness, and 32.9% low self-efficacy. Drug use (OR 1.897), sex (OR 1.756), anxiety (OR 1.218), hopelessness (OR 1.209), depression (OR 1.756), and stress (OR 1.050) respectively account for 17.2% of the variability of suicide attempts. Discussion and conclusion Confirmation of the effect of the variables analyzed on the suicide attempts of psychology students underlines the importance of incorporating actions that will contribute to controlling the incidence of suicide.

Resumen Introducción La prevalencia de la conducta suicida en estudiantes universitarios se encuentra entre el 14.1 y 27.9%, es la cuarta causa de fallecimientos entre los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. La pérdida de esperanza, disminución de autoeficacia, depresión, ansiedad y desregulación emocional se encuentran entre los principales factores asociados al suicidio. Objetivo Determinar el efecto de la desesperanza, depresión, ansiedad, estrés, consumo de drogas y autoeficacia sobre el intento de suicidio en estudiantes mexicanos de la carrera de psicología. Método Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa y transversal. Se conformó una muestra de 3438 estudiantes, pertenecientes a 62 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) acreditadas por el Consejo Nacional para la Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología de seis distintas regiones del país. Resultados El 19.9% reportó intento de suicidio (85.1% mujeres y 14.9% son hombres). El 36.4% reportó consumo de drogas, el 40.2% reportaron de moderado a estrés extremo, el 50.1% ansiedad y 40.7% depresión, el 74.1% de media a alta desregulación emocional, 30.2% de moderada a alta desesperanza y el 32.9% baja autoeficacia. El consumo de drogas (OR 1.897), sexo (OR 1.756), ansiedad (OR 1.218), desesperanza (OR 1.209), depresión (OR 1.756) y estrés (OR 1.050) respectivamente, explican el 17.2% de la variabilidad de los intentos de suicidio. Discusión y conclusión Al confirmar el efecto de las variables analizadas en el intento de suicidio de los estudiantes de psicología, se recalca la importancia de integrar, dentro de las propuestas de intervención, acciones que abonen al control de su incidencia.

Inveja e gratidão: flutuações da criatividade e esperança no mundo psíquico / Envie et gratitude: fluctuations de la créativité et de l'espoir dans le monde psychique / Envy and gratitude: Fluctuations of creativity and hope in the psychic world / Envidia y gratitud: fluctuaciones de creatividad y esperanza en el mundo psíquico

Este artigo pretende discutir o texto seminal de Melanie Klein, Inveja e gratidão (1957), no intuito de articulá-lo com os fenômenos da esperança, desesperança, criatividade e destrutividade. Na leitura realizada, observamos que a inveja é um solo fértil para o crescimento da desesperança e destrutividade. Enquanto a capacidade de ter gratidão pode levar o indivíduo a ser esperançoso e ter uma vida criativa, o contrário seria possível? Ser invejoso e ao mesmo tempo ter criatividade e esperança? Com base no dualismo pulsional freudiano, do qual Klein não abriu mão na construção da sua metapsicologia, respondemos que sim, primordialmente a partir da introjeção do objeto bom, que possibilita a elaboração da inveja, elemento que enfatizaremos a partir da figura do analista no processo clínico. Para elucidarmos cada um desses elementos, iremos utilizar o conto "A legião estrangeira" de Clarice Lispector (1999) como fio condutor ao longo de todo o texto.

Resumos This article aims to discuss Melanie Klein's seminal text, "Envy and gratitude" (1957), in order to articulate it with the phenomena of hope, hopelessness, creativity, and destructiveness. In ours readings, we observed that envy is a fertile soil for the growth of hopelessness and destructiveness. While the ability to have gratitude can lead an individual to be hopeful and have a creative life. Would the opposite be possible? To be envious and at the same time creative and hopeful? Based on Freudian Dualism drive, which Klein did not give up in the construction of her metapsychology, we answer yes, primarily from the introjection of the good object, which allows the elaboration of envy, an element that we will emphasize from the figure of the analyst in the clinical process. To elucidate each of these elements, we will use the short story "The foreign legion" by Clarice Lispector (1999) as a guiding thread throughout the text.

Cet article discute le texte fondateur de Melanie Klein, "Envie et gratitude" 27 (1957), afin de l'articuler avec les phénomènes de l'espoir, du désespoir, de la créativité et de la destructivité. Au cours de notre lecture, nous avons observé que l'envie est un terreau fertile pour la croissance du désespoir et de la destructivité. En revanche, la capacité à être reconnaisant peut conduire les individus à être plein d'espoir et à mener une vie créative. Le contraire serait-il possible? Être envieux et en même temps créatif et plein d'espoir? Sur la base du dualisme pulsionnel freudien, que Klein n'a pas abandonné dans la construction de sa métapsychologie, nous répondons par l'affirmative, notamment par l'introjection du bon objet qui permet d'élaborer l'envie, élément que nous soulignerons à travers la figure de l'analyste dans le processus clinique. Afin d'élucider chacun de ces éléments, nous utiliserons la nouvelle "La Légion étrangère" (1999) de Clarice Lispector comme fil conducteur tout au long du texte.

Este artículo pretende discutir el texto fundamental de Melanie Klein, "Envidia y gratitud" (1957), para articularlo con los fenómenos de esperanza, desesperanza, creatividad y destructividad. En la lectura realizada se observa que la envidia es un campo fértil para el crecimiento de la desesperanza y la destructividad. Mientras que la capacidad de expresar gratitud puede llevar al individuo a tener esperanza y tener una vida creativa. ¿Sería posible lo contrario? ¿Ser envidioso y al mismo tiempo tener creatividad y esperanza? Partiendo del dualismo pulsional freudiano, al que Klein no abandonó en la construcción de su metapsicología, este texto responde que es posible esto, principalmente desde la introyección del objeto bueno, que posibilita la elaboración de la envidia, elemento que se enfatizará a partir de la figura del analista en el proceso clínico. Para dilucidar cada uno de estos elementos se utiliza el cuento "La legión extranjera", de Clarice Lispector (1999), como hilo conductor a lo largo del texto.

Fatores sociodemográficos associados a sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e desesperança em adolescentes escolares / Sociodemographic factors associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness in adolescent students

Este trabalho objetiva investigar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e nível moderado ou grave dos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e desesperança em adolescentes escolares. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, realizado com adolescentes escolares de uma escola pública de Salvador/BA. Utilizou-se um software específico para análise dos dados coletados na pesquisa. Os três questionários foram preenchidos presencialmente na escola frequentada pelos sujeitos alvo da pesquisa. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas do Excel e posteriormente analisados no programa estatístico SPSS, versão 26.00, considerando os seguintes parâmetros: índices de avaliação das Escalas Becks de Ansiedade, depressão e ansiedade, nível de significância (α) de 5,0%; precisão de erro de 2,0% e poder de estudo de 80,0%. Foi utilizada a amostragem de todos os alunos elegíveis (maiores de 17 anos), do ensino médio, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, totalizando 206 participantes. A população estudada foi de 206 sujeitos. Os participantes apresentaram uma faixa etária média de 17,5 (DP=0,7) anos e 51,7% (n=106) eram do sexo masculino. Quanto a orientação sexual, 87,5% (n=77) afirmaram serem heterossexuais, 4,5% (n=4) gays e 4,5% (n=4) bissexuais. No que se refere a raça/cor, 39,8% (n=35) se afirmavam como pretos. Na variável religião, 37,1% (n=33) afirmaram não possuir nenhuma religião, seguido de 30,3% (n=27) católicos. 85,1% (n=171) adolescentes estavam solteiros e a escolaridade da maioria dos participantes era do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A média da renda familiar foi de 2.577,90 (DP=2715,20). Os estudantes de ensino médio de escolas públicas necessitam de acolhimento, acompanhamento, direitos e possibilitações para construção de um futuro, através da garantia de um presente.(AU)

This study to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and moderate or severe level of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness in adolescent students. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with adolescent students from a public school in Salvador/BA. Specific software was used to analyze the data collected in the survey. The three questionnaires were completed in person at the school attended by the research subjects. Data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and subsequently analyzed in the SPSS statistical program, version 26.00, considering the following parameters: evaluation indexes of the Becks Anxiety, Depression and Anxiety Scales, significance level (α) of 5.0%; error accuracy of 2.0% and study power of 80.0%. A sampling of all eligible high school students (over 17 years old) who agreed to participate in the research was used, totaling 206 participants. The studied population consisted of 206 subjects. Participants had a mean age of 17.5 (SD=0.7) years and 51.7% (n=106) were male. As for sexual orientation, 87.5% (n=77) claimed to be heterosexual, 4.5% (n=4) gay and 4.5% (n=4) bisexual. With regard to race/color, 39.8% (n=35) claimed to be black. In the religion variable, 37.1% (n=33) said they had no religion, followed by 30.3% (n=27) Catholics. 85.1% (n=171) adolescents were single and most participants had completed their third year of high school. The mean family income was 2,577.90 (SD=2715.20). High school students from public schools need shelter, monitoring, human rights, possibilities to build a future, through the guarantee of a present.(AU)

Mental disorders among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is the most important event in women's lives and can lead to psychological lability. Several risk factors (such as disasters, events and pandemics) have been correlated with greater prevalence of mental disorders during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To research how pregnant women have been affected by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic process, in order to contribute to the limited literature. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey study conducted at the Training and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ordu, Ordu, Turkey, from February 1 to March 1, 2021. METHODS: In total, 356 pregnant women were enrolled and completed the survey. Intention of going to hospital and the Beck anxiety, Beck depression, Beck hopelessness and Epworth sleepiness scales were applied to detect mental disorders. RESULTS: Among the participants, the anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness scores were 29.2%, 36.2%, 58.1% and 11.8%, respectively. The pregnant women stated that they avoided going to hospital in unnecessary situations by obeying the 'stay at home' calls, but also stated that they were afraid of the potential harmful effects of inadequate physician control. However, most of them stated that they would go to the hospital in emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women and emphasized their high rates of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness. Since presence of mental disorders is indirectly related to poor pregnancy outcomes, preventive strategies should be developed, especially during this pandemic process.

Social defeat: Concept and measurement in a Hispanic population / Derrota social: Concepto y medición en población de habla hispana

Abstract Introduction Social defeat (SD) is defined as a feeling of having lost the fight leading to a loss of valuable status or of important personal goals, and has been associated to depression and suicidal behavior, among other disorders. Furthermore, it has been proposed as a mediating variable between social and clinical elements. Objective To adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Defeat Scale. Method A back translation into Spanish was carried out. SD, hopelessness, and social well-being were measured in 546 university students (Mean age = 20.93 years, SD = 2.98; 68.7% females). Results An exploratory factor analysis offered a two-dimension structure in the scale made up by the dimension defeat and triumph. A confirmatory factor analysis found good fit indicators for the two-dimension model (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Both dimensions present good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > .70). SD was associated to higher levels of hopelessness and lower levels of social well-being. Discussion and conclusion The Spanish version of the Defeat Scale presents good psychometric properties. Its use can help deepen the understanding of psychopathological phenomena and their link to social elements within the context of Spanish speaking countries.

Resumen Introducción La derrota social (DS) se define como la sensación de lucha fallida en relación con una pérdida de estatus valioso o de metas personales importantes, y se ha relacionado con depresión y conducta suicida, entre otros trastornos. Además, ha sido propuesta como una variable mediadora entre elementos sociales y clínicos. Objetivo Adaptar y validar al español la Defeat Scale. Método Se realizó una traducción inversa para obtener la versión al español de la escala. Con la participación de 546 estudiantes universitarios (M = 20.93 años, DS = 2.98; 68.7% mujeres), se evaluaron DS, desesperanza y bienestar social. Resultados El análisis factorial exploratorio encontró una estructura de dos dimensiones, compuesta por una dimensión de derrota y otra de triunfo. El análisis factorial confirmatorio encontró buenos indicadores de ajuste para el modelo de dos dimensiones (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Ambas dimensiones presentaron buena consistencia interna (α > .70). La DS se asoció con mayores niveles de desesperanza y menores niveles de bienestar social. Discusión y conclusión La versión al español de la Defeat Scale presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas. Su uso puede ayudar a profundizar la comprensión de psicopatologías y su relación con elementos sociales en países de habla hispana.

Evidence for the Factorial Validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Spanish with Clinical and non-Clinical Samples / Evidencias de validez factorial de la Escala de desesperanza de Beck en español con muestras clínicas y no clínicas

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal structure of the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck et al., 1974) given its usefulness and relevance in the prediction of suicidal behaviors. The responses to the scale of 1260 university students (M = 4.79, SD = 4.29) and of a clinical sample in which 150 young people with suicide attempt of high lethality (M = 8.51, SD = 2.38) participated were analyzed. The internal structure of the scale is examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in three phases. In the first phase, the original model is compared with four models found in the different adaptations to Spanish; in the second phase, models that analyze acquiescence are taken into account, and in the third phase, a cross-validation of those models with a clinical population is made. The results indicate that the scale is one-dimensional both in the case of clinical samples (χ2 = 154.84, gl = 135, p <0.001, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03), as well as in the general population. However, for the latter, a method factor was added for the treatment of acquiescence (χ2 = 252.14, gl = 134, p <0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03). The results show the importance of using analyzes and models that consider the nature of the data and the characteristics of the sample to provide more solid evidence for construct validity.

Resumen El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la estructura interna de la adaptación al español de Escala de Desesperanza de Beck et al. (1974), dada su utilidad y relevancia en la predicción de conductas suicidas. Para esto, se analizaron las respuestas a la escala de 1260 estudiantes universitarios (M = 4.79; DT = 4.29) y de una muestra clínica en la que participaron 150 jóvenes con intento de suicidio de alta letalidad (M = 8.51; DT = 2.38). Se examinó la estructura interna por medio del Análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) en tres fases: en la primera, se comparó el modelo original con cuatro modelos encontrados en las diferentes adaptaciones al español; en la segunda, se tomaron en cuenta modelos que analizan la aquiescencia; y en la tercera, se hizo una validación cruzada de esos modelos con población clínica. Los resultados señalan que la escala es unidimensional tanto en el caso de las muestras clínicas(χ2 = 154.84, gl = 135, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03) como en la población universitaria; sin embargo, a esta última se le añadió un factor de método para el tratamiento de la aquiescencia (χ2 = 252.14, gl = 134, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03). Los resultados muestran la importancia de utilizar análisis y modelos que consideren la naturaleza de los datos y las características de la muestra para aportar evidencias más sólidas para la validez de constructo.

The relationship between hopelessness level and complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with breast cancer

Introduction: Following the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, women may experience some emotions such as anxiety, uncertainty, andhopelessness, and these experiences may vary from person to person. Many patients, along with conventional treatments, can resort to traditional methods to support the treatment, prevent recurrence of cancer, cope with the side effects of the treatment, and strengthen physically and mentally. Aims: The study was aimed at determining the relationship between hopelessness level and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 336 women with breast cancer who presented to the mammography unit were contacted. Among the CAM methods used, herbal treatment methods rank first. Of the reasons, women prefer these methods; “CAM provides psychological comfort” takes the first place. Results: The mean scores obtained from the Beck Hopelessness Scale by the women who used and who did not use CAM were 5.45 ± 5.18 and 4.44 ± 4.10, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, women with breast cancer may attempt to use CAM due to hopelessness. Therefore, in the course of medical treatment of patients, CAM practices should be questioned, they should be provided counseling and if necessary, referred for psychological support

Description of suicide ideation among older adults and a psychological profile: a cross-sectional study in Turkey / Descrição da ideação suicida em idosos e perfil psicológico: um estudo transversal na Turquia

Abstract This study investigates the suicidal ideation and the possible causes for suicidal behaviour in the elderly. Subjects were 150 patients aged 65 and older who were evaluated using the sociodemographic data collection forms, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), Reasons for Living Inventory (RLI), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Of 150 patients, 72.7% were women and 27.3% were men, ages ranged from 65 to 88 years. Suicidal ideation was noted in 30.7% of patients. When the mean of BHS total score between patients with and without suicidal ideation and the mean of BHS subscale's feelings and expectations regarding the future and loss of motivation and hope in terms of subscales were evaluated between the groups with and without suicidal ideation, the scores had a significant difference. When RLI was evaluated in terms of total scores, the suicidal ideation mean score was 243.74 ± 32.28, while the non-suicidal ideation mean score was 267.27 ± 24.36. There was a significant relationship between the two groups. We found low level of education, low level of reasons for living and higher psychiatric morbidity (generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depressive disorder) in with suicidal ideation in the elderly.

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar os fatores que levam à ideação suicida e às possíveis causas para o comportamento suicida em idosos. Foram estudados 150 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, que foram avaliados utilizando os formulários de coleta de dados sociodemográficos, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG), Escala de Ideação Suicida (EIS), Inventário de Razões para Viver (IRV) e Escala de Desesperança de Beck (EDB). De 150 pacientes, 72,7% eram mulheres e 27,3% homens , com idades de 65 a 88 anos. A ideação suicida foi observada em 30,7% dos pacientes . Ao se avaliar a média da pontuação total de EBD entre pacientes com e sem ideação suicida e a média dos sentimentos e expectativas da subescala EBD em relação ao futuro e perda de motivação e esperança em termos de subescalas entre os grupos com e sem ideação suicida, a pontuação teve uma diferença significativa. Quando o IRV foi avaliado em termos de pontuações totais, o escore médio de ideação suicida foi de 243,74 ± 32,28, enquanto o escore médio de ideação não suicida foi de 267,27 ± 24,36. Houve uma relação significativa entre os dois grupos. Fatores de risco para ideação suicida em idosos foram desesperança, baixo nível de educação, baixo nível de razões para viver, distúrbio de ansiedade generalizada e transtorno depressivo comórbido.

Quality Of Life among Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Government Hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia

@#Introduction: To determine the quality of life (physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment domains) among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in government hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were conducted to obtain frequency and percentage of variables. Independent sample T-test and One way ANOVA were used to determine the association between variables. Multiple linear regression model was used to determine the significant predictors. The predictors of each domain was analysed separately. Results: Quality of life among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in this study was determined by four domains which were physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. The overall mean score for physical health was 52.60, psychological was 52.55, social relationships was 50.79 and environment was 51.16. The significant predictors of physical effect domain were monthly income, cancer stage, social support, nausea and vomiting. The significant predictors of psychological domain were race, marital status, cancer stage, nausea and vomiting. The significant predictors of social relationships domain were race, educational level, social support, nausea and vomiting. The significant predictors of environment domain were race, marital status, hopelessness level, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: The quality of life among chemotherapy cancer patients is important to be observed. Based on the predictors found in this study, appropriate interventions can be taken to improve the quality of life outcomes and the response towards the treatment

The Insight Paradox among Outpatients with Schizophrenia / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to test the phenomenon known as the insight paradox, which refers to the association between higher levels of insight and lower self-esteem, higher hopelessness, and a higher perception of social prejudice among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 216 outpatients with schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were recruited. All participants were receiving ongoing outpatient treatment and were in a stable phase of the disorder. The participants were divided into a good-insight (N=109) and a poor-insight (N=107) group by the direct interview and the mean score of questionnaire. The parameters used for analysis and comparison were demographic variables (age, gender, education), clinical variables (age at onset, number of hospitalizations), self-esteem, hopelessness, self-stigma, and quality of life. RESULTS: Compared with the poor-insight group, the good-insight group was found to have a lower number of hospitalizations, lower self-esteem, higher hopelessness, lower quality of life, and a higher level of internalized stigma. CONCLUSION: The insight can cause the negative consequences in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the negative aspects of insight for improving the quality of life in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.

The Role of Negative Affect in the Assessment of Quality of Life among Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of negative affect (defined in terms of lack of optimism, depressogenic attributional style, and hopelessness depression) on the quality of life of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Participants (n = 177) completed either an online or paper questionnaire made available to members of Australian diabetes support groups. Measures of optimism, attributional style, hopelessness depression, disease-specific data, and diabetes-related quality of life were sought. Bivariate correlations informed the construction of a structural equation model. RESULTS: Participants were 36.3±11.3 years old, with a disease duration of 18.4±11.2 years. Age and recent glycosylated hemoglobin readings were significant contextual variables in the model. All bivariate associations involving the components of negative affect were as hypothesized. That is, poorer quality of life was associated with a greater depressogenic attributional style, higher hopelessness depression, and lower optimism. The structural equation model demonstrated significant direct effects of depressogenic attributional style and hopelessness depression on quality of life, while (lack of) optimism contributed to quality of life indirectly by way of these variables. CONCLUSION: The recognition of negative affect presentations among patients, and an understanding of its relevance to diabetes-related quality of life, is a valuable tool for the practitioner.

Assessment of depression, anxiety, hopelessness and suicidal risk in HIV+ inpatients / Evaluación de depresión, ansiedad, desesperanza y riesgo suicida en pacientes con VIH hospitalizados

Abstract Introduction. People living with HIV frequently experience anxiety, depression, hopelessness and suicide risk, particularly if they are hospitalized due to HIV complications. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and suicide risk in HIV+ inpatients at admission and discharge. Method. A comparative study was conducted with the HIV+ inpatient population of the National Institute for Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City, from February to November 2013. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale were applied at hospital admission and discharge. Results. One hundred and fifteen patients completed all three assessments. Upon admission, 10.4% of the patients scored above the cut-off point for suicide risk; 1.7% presented high levels of hopelessness; 5.2% had clinical depression, and 7% had clinical anxiety. The comparison of scores at admission and discharge showed significant decreases in all symptom levels. Discussion and conclusion. Most of the patients presented low levels of all symptoms assessed at admission and these decreased at discharge. Further research is necessary with the hospitalized HIV population.

Resumen Introducción. Las personas que viven con VIH experimentan con frecuencia ansiedad, depresión, desesperanza y riesgo suicida, particularmente si son hospitalizadas debido a complicaciones por el VIH. Objetivo. El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar y comparar la presencia de ansiedad, depresión, desesperanza y riesgo suicida en pacientes hospitalizados con VIH, a su ingreso y su egreso. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo con pacientes de VIH+ hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias en la Ciudad de México de febrero a noviembre de 2013. Se aplicaron la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria, la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck y la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik. Resultados. Ciento quince pacientes completaron las tres escalas. A su ingreso, 10.4% de los pacientes obtuvieron puntajes por encima del punto de corte en la Escala de Riesgo Suicida; 1.7% presentaron niveles altos de desesperanza; 5.2% puntuaron con depresión clínica; y 7% puntuaron para ansiedad clínica. La comparación entre los resultados obtenidos al ingreso y el egreso hospitalario mostró una disminución significativa en todos los síntomas al egreso. Discusión y conclusión. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron niveles bajos de los síntomas evaluados y éstos disminuyeron al egreso. Son necesarias investigaciones adicionales de salud mental en población hospitalizada con VIH.

Effect of Deep-brain Magnetic Stimulation on Learned Helplessness Behavior in Rats with Chronic Restrained Stress / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the curative effect of deep-brain magnetic stimulation (DMS) on learned helplessness behavior in the chronic restrained stress (CRS) rat model. Methods Twenty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8) and CRS group (n=21). CRS group was exerted chronic restrained stress, while the control group did not receive any stress, for three weeks. Then learned helplessness behavior was tested using Forced Swimming Test (FST) and the hopeless rats of the CRS group were divided ran-domly into sham group (n=6), DMS group (n=8) and citalopram group (n=7), that received corresponding treatment respectively. They were evaluated with FST again after one-week treatment. Results The immobile time in FST was longer in CRS group than in the control group after three-week stress (F=11.260, P=0.002). After one-week treatment, no significant improvement was found in the citalopram group (F=1.565, P=0.235), however, the immobile time in DMS group decreased (F=6.277, P=0.025), and was shorter than that in the sham group (F=5.560, P=0.036). Conclusion CRS could result in learned helplessness behavior, which could be alleviated with one-week DMS.

The Relationship between Insomnia and Suicidal Idea Through Resilience / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia may be one of the risk factor for suicidal ideation, but little is known about the mechanism by which sleep disturbances confer risk for suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate examine whether insomnia severity would be associated with resilience and suicidal ideation, and whether resilience would mediate the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation. METHODS: A total of 432 community-dwelling adults(227 male, 205 female,) completed the self-report questionnaire that covered basic socio-demographic data. To assess the psychological variables, the following instruments were applied: Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), Korean Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(K-CD-RISC), Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHOP) and Scale for Suicidal Ideation(SSI-Beck). People with an ISI score of 8 or higher were defined as insomnia. RESULTS: Greater insomnia symptom severity was significantly associated with higher level of suicidal ideation and lower level of resilience, adjusting for hopelessness, age, sex, presence of family members living together, and household income. Additional analysis revealed that disturbance of sleep initiation and disturbance of sleep maintenance were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Mediation analyses revealed that resilience significantly accounted for the relationship between insomnia symptom severity and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the evaluation and control of insomnia and resilience may be needed to reduce the risk of suicide.

Cognitive profile and Prevalence of Depression, Hopelessness and Suicide Risk in Youth Linked to the first level of Military Training School / Perfil cognitivo y prevalência de depresión, desesperanza y riesgo suicida en jóvenes vinculados al primer nivel de formación en una escuela militar colombiana

Resumen Este estudio evaluó el perfil cognitivo y los niveles de desesperanza, depresión y riesgo suicida en un grupo de jóvenes vinculados al proceso de formación de una escuela militar colombiana. En total participaron 114 sujetos, militares regulares de primer año (MR-1A), que representan la totalidad de un contingente particular; todos ellos hombres, con edades entre los diecisiete y los veintidós años, provenientes de hogares ubicados en la región Caribe (41%) y el centro del país (12%), sin ningún tipo de diagnóstico médico o mental relevante. Los resultados indican relaciones lineales y directamente promocionales entre todas las variables, con magnitudes significativas en lo referente a las relaciones depresión-desesperanza (rs= 0,295; ρ = 0,01) y depresión-riesgo suicida (rs= 0,478; ρ = 0,01), siendo esta ultima el reporte más elevado.

Abstract This study evaluated the cognitive profile and the levels of Hopelessness, Depression and Suicide Risk in a youth group linked to the process of forming a Colombian military school. A total of 114 subjects participated, regular military freshman, which representing an entire contingent particular; all male, aged between 17 and 22 years, from households in the Caribbean region (41%) and the center of the country (12%), without any relevant medical or mental diagnosis. The results indicate linear and directly promotional relationships between all variables with significant quantities in relation to depression-hopelessness (rs= 0,295; ρ = 0,01) and depression-suicide risk (rs= 0,478; ρ = 0,01) the latter being the highest report.

The Association between Hopelessness, Social Support and Community Integration and Depression among Elderly Living Alone / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the association between hopelessness, social support and community integration, and depression. METHODS: We analyzed data from a questionnaire administered to subjects aged 65 years or older living alone for a 2015 community mental health project in Gyeongnam S city. We used a correlation analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis to identify factors that affect depression. RESULTS: When controlling for socio-demographic factors, hopelessness and community integration had significant effects on depression. That is, the higher the hopelessness (B=0.768, p<.001) and the lower the community integration (B=-0.163, p=.012), the higher the depression in elderly living alone . CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for approaches at both the individual and social levels that consider and improve measures to prevent and reduce depression. Moreover, it is especially necessary to enhance community integration.

Desesperanza y afrontamiento centrado en la tarea median la relación entre sintomatologia depresiva y conducta suicida no letal en pacientes de salud mental / Hopelessness and task-oriented coping mediate the association between depressive symptomatology and non-lethal suicidal behavior in mental health patients

Introduction: Suicide is a relevant subject to public health. Its incidence has increased in Chile during the last decade. The current study aims to analyze psychological factors mediating the influence of depressive symptomatology in suicide ideation and attempt in mental health patients. Method: 96 mental health patients from public services and private practice, 67 percent female, with an average age of 30.7 years (SD = 12.2) answered Goldberg’s 12 item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck’s hopelessness scale (BHS) and coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS-21). Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to establish suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempt risk. Results: 22.9 percent of patients had suicide ideation during the last six months and 41.7 percent tried to commit suicide at least once during their lives. Logistic regression results shows that, after controlling for depressive symptomatology, hopelessness influences suicide ideation, and task-oriented coping influences lifetime suicide attempt. Hopelessness mediates the association between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, and task-oriented coping mediates between depressive symptomatology and history of suicide attempt. Conclusions: Psychological factors such as hopelessness and task-oriented coping mediate the association between depressive symptomatology and non-lethal suicidal behavior, therefore they must be specifically considered in the treatment of patients at suicide risk.

Introducción: El suicidio es un problema de salud pública. Pese a los avances en salud mental, las tasas de suicidio han aumentado en Chile en la última década. El presente estudio busca identificar factores psicológicos que medien la influencia de la sintomatología depresiva en la ideación e intento de suicidio en pacientes de salud mental. Método: 96 pacientes de salud mental, de servicios públicos y consulta particular, 67 por ciento mujeres, con edad promedio de 30,7 años (DS = 12,2) respondieron los cuestionarios de salud de Goldberg (GHQ-12), de desesperanza de Beck (BHS) y de afrontamiento a situaciones estresantes (CISS-21). Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística y de mediación para determinar la influencia de los factores psicológicos en la ideación e intento suicida de los pacientes evaluados. Resultados: Un 22,9 por ciento de los pacientes encuestados había pensado en quitarse la vida en los últimos seis meses y un 41,7 por ciento había intentado suicidarse al menos una vez durante su vida. Los resultados de las regresiones logísticas muestran que, controlando la sintomatología depresiva, la desesperanza influye sobre ideación suicida, y el afrontamiento centrado en la tarea sobre el antecedente de intento de suicidio. La desesperanza media la relación entre síntomas depresivos e ideación suicida, y el afrontamiento centrado en la tarea media entre la sintomatología depresiva y antecedente de intento de suicidio. Conclusiones: Factores psicológicos como desesperanza y afrontamiento centrado en la tarea mediarían la relación entre sintomatología depresiva, y conducta suicida no letal, por lo que deben ser considerados de forma específica en el tratamiento de pacientes con riesgo suicida.

Palliative Oncology Treatments and Hopelessness: An Analysis of Associated Clinical and Psychosocial Factors.

One of the psychological symptoms of major concern in palliative care is hopelessness because it is a risk factor for poor treatment adherence, suicidal ideation, suicide, and the desire for a premature death. Objectives: To identify the psychosocial and clinical factors associated with hopelessness after beginning palliative oncology treatment. Methods: 66 patients with advanced cancer were evaluated using the following instruments: a) Beck Hopelessness Scale, b) Quality of Life Questionnaire - EORTC-QLQ-C30, c) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, d) Coping Strategies Inventory, at two times: at the first consultation in the palliative care outpatient clinic and at the first medical return visit. Results: The relative absence of information about palliative care treatment was associated with hopelessness after the beginning the palliative treatment (p=0.043). With regard to coping strategies, the use of social support mechanisms (p=0.033), problem resolution (p=0.033), and positive reevaluation (p=0.037) were associated with decreases in hopelessness, which indicates that these strategies have a protective character. Social support (p=0.007) and constipation (p=0.038) significantly predicted hopelessness at the first medical return visit according to the multiple linear regression analysis. The experiences of hope among the patients at the beginning of the palliative treatment did not decrease. Few correlations were found between the different clinical and psychological variables studied, and few parameters predicted hopelessness. Conclusion: The offer of information and the promotion of therapeutic interventions favoring use of coping strategies less focused on emotion thereby allowing more active coping with the situation were found to be.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item scale for measuring the extent of negative attitudes about the future. Previous studies repeatedly demonstrated clinical utility of BHS, particularly for predicting suicide. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS), which is commonly used for measuring hopelessness. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 1022 community-dwelling general adults from 4 regional areas (i.e., Seoul, Gyeonggi, Cheongju, and Jinju) across South Korea. They completed the K-BHS, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value for the K-BHS was 0.85. Test-retest reliability at average 7.2 days was 0.86. Discriminant validity was determined. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three factor model. CONCLUSION: The K-BHS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and therefore may be useful in measuring the construct of hopelessness and in clinical suicide risk assessments. Further studies are needed in order to explore the psychometric features and correlates of this scale among clinical populations.

Investigation on the level of hopelessness,anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the suicide related psychological status of cancer patients in hospital. Methods 508 cancer patients in the Affiliated- Tumor- Hospital- of- Guangxi- Medical- University were recruited and using the hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) for evaluating cancer patients′anxiety, depression, hopelessness. According to age, the patients were divided into three groups, comparing the differences in three groups′scores of anxiety, depression, hopelessness. Results Of all the respondents, there were 38.7% (172/445) patients with anxiety, and 26.3% (117/445) patients with depression, and 59.1% (263/445) patients with different degrees of hopelessness. In the comparison of three groups of patients, anxiety scores existed differences (U=7.083,P 0.05). Conclusions Many people have anxiety / depression in cancer patients, most cancer patients have varying degrees of hopelessness. The health care workers should get attention to these suicide related psychology, take appropriate intervention, in order to avoid the occurrence of hospitalized cancer patients committing suicide.