Entre la felicidad y la contingencia: cuerpos y casas durante el aislamiento. un análisis etnográfico sobre clases medias en Buenos Aires, Argentina / Between happiness and contingency: bodies and houses during isolation. an ethnographic analysis of middle classes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

El encierro obligatorio fuetras tocandolos modos en que vivimos. Para quienes éramos transitorix sem nuestras casas nos volvió habitantes, para quienes la casa era nuestro refugio ahora es un lugar asfixiante. Retomamos nuestras etnografías, ahora desde lo digital, para interrogarnos sobre los cuerpos y las casas durante El confinamiento. ¿De qué manera experimentamos y articulamos nuestras corporalidades em nuestras viviendas? Analizamos es cenas etnográficas y exponemos La fragilidad de la vida cotidiana de los sectores médios en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Al mismo tiempo, presentamos La capacidad de agencia y los modos en que se producen micro-certezas (orientadas a "lo positivo", la felicidad) para lidiar con este contexto pandémico.

The mandatory enclosure changed the ways we live. For those of us who were transients in our houses, it made us inhabitants, for whom the house was our shelter, now it is a suffocating place. We return to our ethnographies, yet digital, to question ourselves during confinement. How do we experience and articulate our bodies in our homes? We analyze ethnographic scenes and expose the fragility of everyday life of the middle class in Buenos Aires, Argentina. At the same time, we present the capacity of agency and the ways in which micro-certainties (oriented to "the positive" or happiness) are produced to deal with this pandemic context.

Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) parasitism among poultry farm workers in Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Parasitismo de Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) em trabalhadores de avicultura no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Ornithonyssus sylviarum is a hematophagous mite present in wild, domestic, and synanthropic birds. However, this mite can affect several vertebrate hosts, including humans, leading to dermatitis, pruritus, allergic reactions, and papular skin lesions. This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of O. sylviarum attacks on poultry workers, including data on laying hens, infrastructure and management of hen houses, and reports of attacks by hematophagous mites. In addition, a case of mite attack on a farm worker on a laying farm in the Midwest region in Minas Gerais is presented. It was found that 60.7% farm workers reported attacks by hematophagous mites. Correspondence analysis showed an association between reports of mite attacks in humans with (1) presence of O. sylviarum in the hen house, (2) manual removal of manure by employees, and (3) history of acaricide use. The specimens collected from the location were confirmatively identified as O. sylviarum. O. sylviarum attacks ave not been reported when manure was removed in a shorter time interval and did not use acaricide in the sheds when the removal was done by manure conveyor belt. Parasitism by O. sylviarum should be considered a relevant occupational hazard affecting employees working in direct contact with commercial egg-laying hens in Minas Gerais. We emphasized the need to monitor hen infestations by this mite to improve the development of mite control strategies.

RESUMO: Ornithonyssus sylviarum é um ácaro hematófago de aves silvestres, domésticas e sinantrópicas. No entanto, este ácaro pode afetar vários hospedeiros vertebrados, incluindo humanos, levando a dermatites, prurido, reações alérgicas e lesões cutâneas papulosas. O presente estudo avaliou os aspectos epidemiológicos do ataque de O. sylviarum em trabalhadores de granjas avícolas e descreveu um relato de caso em uma granja de postura. Este estudo utilizou um banco de dados secundário com informações sobre as poedeiras, infraestrutura e manejo dos galinheiros e relatos de ataques por ácaros hematófagos. Foi apresentado um caso de ataque de ácaro a um trabalhador rural no Centro-Oeste em Minas Gerais. Houve uma frequência de 60,7% de trabalhadores que relataram ter sido atacados por ácaros hematófagos em fazendas. A análise de correspondência mostrou uma associação entre relatos de ataques de ácaros em humanos com (1) presença de O. sylviarum na fazenda, (2) remoção manual de esterco por funcionários da fazenda e (3) histórico de uso de acaricidas. Os espécimes coletados do local foram identificados como O. sylviarum. Não há ataques de O. sylviarum, quando a remoçãodo esterco é feita em menor intervalo de tempo, e não se utiliza acaricida nos galpões quando a remoção é feita por esteira transportadora de esterco. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por O. Sylviarum deve ser considerado como um risco ocupacional relevante, que afeta trabalhadores que trabalham diretamente com poedeiras comerciais em Minas Gerais. Ressaltamos a necessidade de monitorar as infestações de aves por esse ácaro, a fim de melhorar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle.

Prácticas pa ra la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia) / Practices for the prevention of accidents in the home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years in a district of Cartagena (Colombia)

Introducción: los accidentes en la población infantil constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad convirtiéndose hoy día en un problema de salud pública mundial, principalmente la población más afectada son los niños en etapa preescolar, por la vulnerabilidad y dependencia del cuidador. Objetivos: describir las prácticas para la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Constituido por 354 cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años, se utilizó la técnica de observación y la aplicación del instrumento con base a la práctica N° 15 de AIEPI (Atención Integrada a las Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia). Resultados: socio demográficamente los cuidadores fueron principalmente de género femenino (87%), con 20 ­ 29 años de edad (44,9%), madres de los niños (61,3%), conviven en unión libre (54,2%), son bachilleres (50,3%), de estrato uno (91,8%), amas de casa (62,7%), con hijos (93,8%), residen en casas (54,5%). Los niños de 1 a 5 años fueron mayoritariamente de género masculino (51,7%), y han presentado accidentes (75,1%), sobre todo, caídas (61,9%). El nivel de riesgo de accidentes en el hogar fue bajo (85%), y las prácticas de prevención suelen ser regulares (55,1%). Conclusión: los niños enfrentan relativamente bajo riesgo de accidente en el hogar, sin embargo, las prácticas para prevenirlos resultan ser regulares..(AU)

Introduction: accidents in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality,becoming today a global public health problem, mainly the most affected population are children in preschool, for the vulnerability and dependence of the caregiver. Objectives:to describe the practices for the prevention of accidents at home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years of age, in a neighborhood of Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Consisting of 354 caregivers of children under 5 years of age, the technique of observation and the application of the instrument was used based on practice No. 15 of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness). Results: demographic partner caregivers were mainly female (87%), with 20 - 29 years of age (44.9%), mothers of children (61.3%), live together in a free union (54.2%), are high school graduates (50.3%), of stratum one (91.8%), housewives (62.7%), with children (93.8%), reside in houses (54.5%). Children from 1 to 5 years old were male (51.7%), and had accidents (75.1%), especially falls (61.9%). The level of accident risk in the home was low (85%), and prevention practices are usually regular (55.1%). Conclusion: children face relatively low risk of accident in the home, however, practices to prevent them turn out to be regular..(AU)

Correlation between house dust mites’ sensitization and allergic diseases - A retrospective study of Saudi Arabia

Background: Globally, inhalant allergen sensitization (IAS) in allergic diseases (ADs) is commonly associated with indoor allergens, mainly house dust mites (HDMs). Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between HDM sensitization (HDM-SN) and ADs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted which included all patients with allergies, >15 years of age, and seen over a 1-year period at the Allergy Center, Lalune clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results of serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 30 common inhalant allergens (INHs) were collected by medical students. Severity of sensitization was classified as 1–6 (1–2 being mild, 3–4 being moderate, and 5–6 being severe). Medical records of patients with HDM-SN were reviewed to determine any clinical diagnosis of ADs and other associated IAS. Results: A total of 55 adults with HDM-SN, 34 males (62%) and 21 females (38%), with an age range of 15>56 years were studied. ADs associated with HDM-SN were allergic rhinitis (AR) (27%), asthma (22%), allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (18%), atopic dermatitis (ATD) (16%), allergic sinusitis (9%), and chronic urticaria (8%). The average severity class of HDM-SN in our sample was moderate (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [2.3] and Dermatophagoides farinae [2.2]). Other IAS found to be associated with HDM-SN were cockroaches (13.86%), Alternaria (12.4%), cats (12.4%), Bermuda (11.67%), and mesquite (10.21%). Conclusion: Average HDM-SN severity class was moderate in the studied group of patients (early to middle adult ages). HDM-SN is always associated with other IAS (INH-SNs) which explains the importance of obtaining an all-INH panel in patients with HDM-SN. IAS which most frequently had an association with HDM-SN was cockroaches, Alternaria, and cats with two outdoor allergens Bermuda, and mesquite, following closely. HDM-SN is usually associated with multiple ADs mainly involving INHs including AR, asthma, and AC, and less commonly ATD, sinusitis, and chronic urticaria.

Status Quo and Development of Hope Houses for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury in Shanghai from Perspective of Managers and Organizers / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the status quo and development of the Hope Houses for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Shanghai. Methods:In June, 2018, the organizers and managers of Hope Houses from 16 districts in Shanghai were investigated with the self-designed questionnaires, which covered the personal characteristics, knowledge of related policy, development of projects and obstacles, and rehabilitation recognition. The descriptive analysis and correlational analyses were conducted. Results:Totally, eleven organizers and 16 managers were investigated. The knowledge of related policy for organizers was not good enough. Eight Hope Houses in 16 districts in Shanghai were operated by social organizations. The average implementation rate of projects in Hope Houses was 60.6%, and the highest was rehabilitation knowledge education (96.3%). There was insufficient provision in legal services, job skills training, rehabilitation nursing guidance, job referral, medical referral and education referral, etc. The main related factors limiting the development of the Hope Houses were lacks of budgets, social consensus and professionals. The rehabilitation cognition of organizers and managers was generally good, but the cognition of rehabilitation principles and rehabilitation value needed to be strengthened. Conclusion:The Hope Houses for individuals with SCI in Shanghai work well, and the rehabilitation cognition of organizers and managers is satisfactory. It should be strenghened in resource input, comprehensive rehabilitation and standard of management, to expand the service timely.

Satisfacción de los prestadores que laboran en los consultorios médicos. Colón. 2015-2016 / Satisfaction of the medical staff working at medical houses 2015-2016

RESUMEN Introducción: la necesidad de lograr una mayor satisfacción de los servicios de salud, y, así proporcionar un estado de bienestar en todos los que los reciben; obliga a contar con métodos transformadores que permitan identificar todo lo que influye, de forma positiva o negativa, sobre el rendimiento de las personas que trabajan en el sector de la salud pública. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de satisfacción de los prestadores que laboran en consultorios médicos en el municipio Colón, en el período 2015 - 2016. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal. Universo y muestra estuvo constituido por los 123 médicos y enfermeras que se encontraban trabajando en los 62 consultorios médicos. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: condiciones de los locales de atención, recursos necesarios para el trabajo, atención al capital humano y trato de la población. Resultados: el 92,6 y el 90,2 % de los prestadores estuvieron satisfechos con la preocupación, la superación y la limpieza de los consultorios. Predominaron los trabajadores no satisfechos (52,0 %) por los recursos que poseen para los exámenes clínicos. Conclusiones: Los prestadores que laboran en los consultorios médicos se encuentran insatisfechos. Las dimensiones estudiadas fueron evaluadas como no aceptables, solo las variables preocupación por la superación y existencia de agua para lavado de manos estuvieron por encima del estándar establecido (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the necessity of reaching a higher satisfaction from the health services and, with that, providing welfare to everybody who receives them, makes it necessary to have transforming methods that allow to identify everything that having positive or negative influence on the performance of the people working in the public health field. Objective: to identify the satisfaction level of people working in the medical houses of the municipality of Colon, in the period 2015-2016. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out, in a universe and sample composed by the 123 physician and nurses who were working at the 62 medical houses. The following variables were studied: conditions of the health care places, resources that are necessary for work, care to human capital and population handling. Results: 92,6 % and 90,2 % of the medical staff were satisfied with the concern, upgrading and cleaning of the consulting rooms. Predominated workers unsatisfied (52,0 %) with the resources they have for the clinical examination. Conclusions: the medical staff working at the medical houses is unsatisfied. The studied dimensions were evaluated as non-acceptable; only the variables concern for upgrading and existence of water for hand washing were above the established standard (AU).

A Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho pelas lentes de uma fotógrafa / David Capistrano Filho Birthing House through the lenses of a photographer

Resumo Esse artigo é resultado do acompanhamento fotodocumental à Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho por 12 anos descontinuados (entre 2005 e 2017). As fotos narram o cotidiano da casa, documentando suas atividades regulares com as famílias, os momentos festivos, domésticos, terapêuticos, comunitários e de exercício de cidadania pelo direito à saúde reprodutiva de qualidade e autônoma. A Casa de Parto é um equipamento público de saúde que atende a gestantes de baixo risco habitual em Realengo, zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Sua proposta mais ampla de saúde se baseia em educação e informação por meio do acolhimento de proximidade e vínculo, práticas não medicalizadas e cuidado transdisciplinar.

Abstract This article is the outcome of a project to photographically document the David Capistrano Filho Birthing House (Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho) continuously for 12 years from 2005 to 2017. The photographs narrate daily life in the institution: its regular activities with families, celebrations, its domestic, therapeutic, and community activities, and activities involving the exercise of citizenship for the right to autonomy and quality in reproductive health care. The birthing house is a public health institution that serves women with low-risk pregnancies in Realengo, a district in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro. More broadly, it proposes to educate and inform by creating bonds and relationships of proximity and by fostering non-medical practices and transdisciplinary care.

Comparative study of impact of marketing strategies of pharmaceutical houses on prescription practices of doctors rural vs urban

Background: Indian pharmaceutical market is fast going and there is a stiff competition amongst them as single product is marketed by different brand names. The pharmaceutical houses adopt different strategies to influence the physician to promote their products. These strategies are known to influence the prescription behaviour of physician, which may have variable impact among rural and urban doctors. Aim of the study was to compare the impact of marketing strategies of pharmaceutical houses on prescription practices of rural and urban doctors.Methods: The current crossover study was conducted among urban and rural doctors. A questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was presented to the doctors and their responses regarding different aspects of marketing strategies was recorded. Comparison between two groups was done using unpaired t-test.Results: Different strategies had impact on prescription pattern of doctors working in rural and urban institutions. All 17 parameters were affected similarly except e-mailing where urban doctors were more influenced (p=0.005).Conclusions: Present study indicates marketing strategies by different pharmaceutical houses do influence prescription pattern of physicians. Both urban and rural doctors were similarly affected except e- mailing which had more impact on urban doctors.

Desinfectantes en aerosol como alternativa de control ambiental de los hongos anemófilos en viviendas / Disinfectant spray as an alternative environmental control of airborne fungi in houses

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de productos desinfectantes comerciales en aerosol sobre la carga de hongos ambientales en habitaciones de viviendas, teniendo en cuenta que las personas, principalmente los niños, pasan la mayor parte del día en las mismas. Además, se estudió, a través de encuestas, las preferencias del público a la hora de adquirir los desinfectantes comerciales ensayados. El número de UFC/placa fue variable dentro de la misma habitación para las distintas mediciones realizadas antes de la aplicación de los productos desinfectantes. Los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento fúngico fueron variables dependiendo del producto desinfectante ensayado y de la habitación muestreada. Dichos porcentajes no fueron diferentes significativamente entre los desinfectantes. Los valores de temperatura estuvieron dentro de un rango de 11 a 19,5 ºC y el porcentaje de humedad relativa varió entre un 64 a 85 por ciento. El 89 por ciento de los encuestados conocía la existencia de desinfectantes ambientales en aerosol. El 78 por ciento conocía el Lysoform®, seguido por Glade® antitabaco y Ayudin®. Dentro de los productos más utilizados, el 54 por ciento de los encuestados indicó el producto Lysoform®. La mayoría de los consumidores eligieron a los desinfectantes por lo que conocen y los medios de comunicación influyeron en el 29 por ciento de los consumidores al momento de elegir el desinfectante. Estos productos ensayados son recomendables en una habitación para disminuir la carga de hongos ambientales y así reducir el efecto perjudicial de estos hongos sobre las personas que la utilizan.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial disinfectant spray on the concentration of airborne fungi in bedrooms, considering that people, especially children, spend most of the day in them. Also, public preferences through surveys were studied when acquiring commercial disinfectants tested. The number of CFU/Petri dish was variable within the same bedroom for the different measurements performed before application of the disinfectant. Percent inhibition of fungal growth were variable, depending on the disinfecting product tested and sampled bedroom. These percentages were not significantly different between the disinfectants. The temperature values were within a range of 11 to 19.5° C and relative humidity percentage ranged from 64 to 85 percent. Eighty nine percent of respondents knew about environmental disinfectant spray. Seventy-eight percent knew about Lysoform®, followed by antismoking Glade® and Ayudin®. Among the most widely used products, 54 percent of respondents said the Lysoform® product was the most used. Most consumers chose known disinfectants and, when choosing a disinfectant, the media influenced 29 percent of consumers. The used products are recommended to be used in a bedroom to decrease the number of airborne fungi and thus reduce the harmful effect of these fungi on the people that use this room.

Ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban centers of the Alto Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil / Comunidades de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em centros urbanos do Alto Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil

The Alto Tietê municipalities have rich remnants of Dense Rain Forest in their vicinities. Considering the environmental importance of the Alto Tietê as water source and that of ants as components of tropical biodiversity, this paper aimed at describing the diversity, composition and similarity of the ant fauna in urban centers of different cities. Samples were collected in houses and city squares. Seven subfamilies and 87 species were recorded, of which 39% are commonly found in the Atlantic Forest remnants adjacent to the cities. Linepithema neotropicum is dominant in areas outside the houses and in squares. In each municipality, in the area inside the houses, there is a dominant species. Tapinoma melanocephalumwas recorded preferably in the area inside the houses. Five exotic species were recorded mainly in the city of Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.(AU)

Os municípios do Alto Tietê possuem em suas adjacências ricos remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Considerando-se a importância ambiental da região do Alto Tietê como fonte de água e das formigas como componentes da biodiversidade tropical, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a diversidade, a composição e a similaridade da fauna de formigas nos centros urbanos de diferentes municípios. As coletas foram realizadas em casas e praças. Foram registradas 7 subfamílias e 87 espécies, das quais 39% são comuns nos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica que se localizam nas adjacências das cidades. Linepithema neotropicum é dominante na área externa das residências e nas praças. Em cada município, na área interna das residências, tem-se uma espécie dominante. Tapinoma melanocephalum foi registrada preferencialmente na área interna das residências. Foram registradas cinco espécies exóticas, em especial, no município de Mogi das Cruzes.(AU)

O cuidado em enfermagem a pessoas idosas dependentes: cuidados domiciliares, hospitalares e continuados / Nursing care of dependent aged persons: home, hospital and continuing care / Atención de enfermería a ancianos dependientes: cuidados domiciliarios, hospitalarios y permanentes

O estudo objetivou identificar e comparar nos contextos da atenção básica, secundária e de reabilitação os cuidados de enfermagem prestados aos pacientes idosos dependentes, identificando os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a prestação desses cuidados de maior qualidade. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada em serviços de saúde, que adotou o photovoiceque usa fotografia e voz na coleta de dados. Participaram doze enfermeiros dos três contextos com idades entre os 22 e 43 anos, sendo dez do sexo feminino. Os resultados sugerem que a promoção da qualidade de cuidado em enfermagem a pessoas idosas dependentes envolve mais trabalho e decisão em equipe multidisciplinar. Paralelamente, o principal obstáculo centra-se na escassez de recursos e desorganização. Os participantes salientam a importância do envolvimento da família, considerada parte da unidade de cuidado. Concluindo, os três contextos tendem a convergir em termos das necessidades identificadas para a promoção da qualidade dos cuidados...

The objective was to identify and compare the nursing care provided to dependent aged patients within the settings of primary, secondary, and rehabilitative care, and identify the aspects that facilitate or hamper the delivery of care. This qualitative study was performed in healthcare services, using photovoice, which uses photography and voice recording for data collection. The participants were twelve nurses from the three referred contexts, aged between 22 and 43 years, ten of whom were women. Results suggest that the promotion of quality nursing care of dependent aged persons involves more work and decisions made by a multidisciplinary team. The main obstacles are the scarcity of resources and disorganization. The participants emphasize the importance of involvement by the family, who are considered to be part of the care team. In conclusion, the three referred contexts tend to converge in terms of the needs identified for the promotion of quality care...

Se objetivó identificar y comparar en contexto de atención básica, secundaria y de rehabilitación, la atención de enfermería brindada a pacientes ancianos dependientes, e identificar factores que facilitan y dificultan la prestación de cuidados de enfermería de mayor calidad. Investigación cualitativa realizada en servicios de salud, que adoptó el photovoice, que utiliza fotografía y voz en la recolección de datos. Participaron 12 enfermeros de los tres contextos, con edades entre 22 y 43 años, 10 de sexo femenino. Los resultados sugieren que la promoción de calidad de atención en enfermería a ancianos dependientes involucra más trabajo y decisión en equipo multidisciplinario. Paralelamente, el principal obstáculo se centra en la escasez de recursos y desorganización. Los participantes enfatizan la importancia de la participación familiar, considerada parte de la unidad de atención. Concluyendo, los tres contextos tienen a converger en términos de las necesidades identificadas para la promoción de calidad del cuidado...

Evaluación del aanejo presacrificio y su relacin con la presencia de contusionnes en canales bovinas / Evaluation f preeslaughter management and its relationship ith the bruisess presence on beef cacaasses

Se realizó un estudio transversal en una planta de sacrificio del occidente colombiano, con el objetivo de evaluar las prácticas de bienestar animal durante el pre-sacrificio y su relación con la presencia de contusiones en la canal. Se hizo un seguimiento a 2.288 bovinos, estableciendo tiempos de transporte, ayuno, permanencia en la planta y otros indicadores de interés. Se categorizaron las contusiones que presentaron las canales de acuerdo con la severidad, tamaño y localización. La prevalencia de contusiones fue del 84.3 %, con una asociación estadística significativa con el sexo, siendo más susceptibles las hembras que los machos. El tiempo de estadía en la planta (promedio 67.1 horas), la presencia de animales astados, el método de conducción en la granja y el tiempo de descanso durante el viaje incrementaron el riesgo de presentación de contusiones (p ≤ 0.01). La ejecución de los lineamientos de bienestar animal durante el pre-sacrificio requiere de un proceso de divulgación de la legislación vigente, la capacitación del recurso humano, la implementación de incentivos a los productores, la disminución de los tiempos de reposo en las plantas y el mejoramiento en la infraestructura del transporte y las plantas de beneficio.

A transversal study in a slaughter plant in the Colombian western region was carried out in order to evaluate animal welfare practices during pre-slaughter and their relation with carcass contusions. Follow up was performed to 2.288 cattle heads, establishing transport times, fasting, lairage time and other indicators of interest. Carcass contusions were categorized, evaluating severity, size and localization. Lesion prevalence was 84.3% significantly associated to sex, being females more susceptible than males. Lairage time (average 67.1 hours), presence of horned animals, herding method in the farm, and resting time during transport, increased the risk of bruises presence (p ≤ 0.01). Execution of animal welfare guidelines during pre-slaughter requires a dissemination process of current laws, training of human resources, an incentive policy for producers, a decrease of lairage times, transport and slaughter plants infrastructure improvement.

Associação de pós inertes com fungo entomopatogênico para o controle do cascudinho (Alphitobius diaperinus) / Association of inert powders with the entomopathogenic fungi for darkling beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus) control

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de Beauveria bassiana (Bb), da terra diatomácea (TD) e dos pós de rocha Protesyl e Rocksil, isoladamente ou em associações, para o controle de Alphitobius diaperinus. Os agentes de controle foram aplicados na forma sólida misturados à cama de frango. A concentração de conídios de Bb foi de 0,08 por cento e, para os pós inertes, as concentrações foram de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 por cento. Testaram-se 20 tratamentos, com cinco repetições de 200 insetos, por 10 dias. Os tratamentos que apresentaram maior eficiência foram TD 1,5 por cento e Bb 0,08 por cento + TD 1,5 por cento, com 60,2 e 57,8 por cento de mortalidade, respectivamente. Protesyl e Rocksil, nas três concentrações, e TD 0,5 por cento não diferiram da testemunha. Na interação entre os agentes de controle, ocorreu efeito aditivo para Bb + TD e Bb + Rocksil, nas três concentrações, e para Bb + Protesyl a 1,5 por cento. A eficiência do fungo foi reduzida na associação com Protesyl, com efeito não aditivo antagônico nas concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 por cento. A terra diatomácea, isolada ou associada à B. bassiana, apresenta-se como boa alternativa para controle de A. diaperinus. Já os pós de rocha Protesyl e Rocksil não foram eficientes para o controle da praga.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) of diatomaceous earth (TD) and the dust of rock Protesyl and Rocksil, alone or in combinations, for Alphitobius diaperinus to control. The control agents were applied in dried by mixing with the poultry liter. The concentration of Bb conidia was 0.08 percent on the weight of the substrate, and for the dust inert were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent. Twenty treatments with five repetitions of 200 insects were tested for 10 days. The treatments with highest efficiency were TD 1.5 percent and Bb 0.08 percent + TD 1.5 percent, with 60.2 and 57.8 percent, respectively. Protesyl and Rocksil in the three concentrations and TD 0.5 percent did not differ from control. For the interaction between control agents no advantage was observed for the association. Additive effect occurred for Bb + TD and Bb + Rocksil at the three concentrations and for Bb + Protesyl at 1.5 percent. The action of the fungus was reduced in association with Protesyl with antagonistic non-additive effect in 0.5 and 1.0 percent. Diatomaceous earth, isolated our in association with B. bassiana its a good alternative for A. diaperinus control. Just rock dust Protesyl and Rochsil were not efficient for insect control.

Avaliação da contaminação por matérias estranhas em carne-de-sol comercializada em “casas do norte” / Study on contaminant materials within “sun dried meat (jerked beef)” at the “Northern Houses"

A carne-de-sol é um produto artesanal, obtido de técnicas de salga e desidratação, empregado por populações do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. A falta de emprego de tecnologia mais avançada no processamento e no estabelecimento de padrões oficiais de identidade e de qualidade contribuem na produção, comercialização e distribuição em condições sanitárias insatisfatórias, os quais põem em risco a saúde do consumidor. Com o objetivo de avaliar as condições sanitárias da carne-de-sol comercializada em “casas do norte”, foi pesquisada a ocorrência de matérias estranhas. Foram analisadas 44 amostras de carne-de sol coletadas de 22 “casas do norte” localizadas em Diadema –SP/Brasil. As condições de exposição e de comercialização do produto nas “casas do norte” foram investigadas, as quais serviram de informação complementar na apreciação do grau de segurança alimentar do produto. Em todas as amostras analisadas foram encontradas matérias estranhas, tais como, insetos, fragmentos, larvas, exúvias, ácaros, pêlos de roedor, bárbula de ave, fungos filamentosos e, também, objetos pontiagudos e cortantes. Em 11 locais de venda foi verificada a presença de vetores mecânicos. Das amostras analisadas, 90,9% apresentaram condições sanitárias insatisfatórias em função da presença de perigos físicos. Esses achados, associados às condições observadas nas “casas do norte”, indicam que os produtos analisados podem colocar em risco a saúde do consumidor.

The “sun dried meat” (carne de sol) is a handmade food produced by salting and dehydration procedures, and commonly consumed by people from the North and Northeast areas of Brazil. Taking into account the lack of advanced technology for preparing it and also lacking any official standards for product identity and quality, in addition to the unsuitable sanitary conditions for food processing, marketing and distribution, it might cause risk to consumers’ health. This paper evaluates the sanitary conditions of “sun dried meat”, byanalyzing the occurrence of the extraneous materials in 44 samples of “sun dried meat” collected from 22“Northern Houses” in Diadema - SP- Brazil. The additional information on food safety, product exposure and sale conditions at the “Northern Houses” were assessed. Several kinds of contaminants were found in 44 analyzed samples as whole insects and their debris, larvae, arthropods exuviae, mites, rodent fur, pieces of bird feather, fungi, and pointed and sharp objects. Mechanical vectors were detected in 11 sale spots. Among 44 “sun dried meat” samples, 90.9% showed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, considering the occurrence of health hazardous contaminants. These findings and including the inadequate hygienic conditions of the “Northern Houses”, indicate these products are unsuitable for consumption.

Dermatophytes, related keratinophilic and opportunistic fungi in indoor dust of houses and hospitals.

Dermatophytes, related keratinophilic and opportunistic fungi were isolated from indoor dust samples of 46 hospitals and 47 houses in Kanpur. A total of 19 fungi represented by 11 genera were isolated by the hair-baiting technique from 230 and 235 samples from hospitals and houses respectively. The isolated fungi are Acremonium implicatum (Indian Type Culture Collection) ITCC 5266 , A. strictum (Germplasm Centre for Keratinophilic Fungi) GPCK 1137 , Aphanoascus fulvescens GPCK 1081 , Arthroderma simii GPCK 1275 , Chrysosporium queenslandicum ITCC 5270 , C. indicum ITCC 5269 , C. pannicola GPCK 1022 , C. tropicum GPCK 1269 , Ctenomyces serratus ITCC 5267 , Gymnoascus reessii ITCC 5265 , Malbranchea fulva GPCK 1075 , Malbranchea pulchella ITCC 5268 , Micosporum gypseum GPCK 1038 , Microsporum cookei GPCK 2001, M. fulvum GPCK 2002 , Paecilomyces lilacinum GPCK 1080 , Penicillium expansum GPCK 1082, Trichophyton mentagrophytes GPCK 2003 and T. terrestre GPCK 2004. In hospitals, the minimum frequency was of Ctenomyces serratus ITCC 5267 while the maximum frequency was of Arthroderma simii GPCK 1275 . In houses, Chrysosporium queenslandicum ITCC 5270 and C. tropicum GPCK 1269 were with minimum and maximum frequencies respectively. This makes the first report of these fungi with keratinolytic ability in the indoor dust of hospitals and houses.

Frecuencia de asma en preescolares con historia de maltrato y su relación con el tipo de maltrato experimentado / Frequency of asthma in preschool children with history of mistreatment and its relation with the type of mistreatment experienced

Introducción. La relación entre asma y maltrato infantil no está del todo clara. Objetivo: reconocer la presencia de asma en grupos de niños que padecieron formas diferentes de maltrato infantil. Métodos. Estudio de tipo retrospectivo que se basó en la revisión de expedientes de menores albergados en una casa cuna del estado de Guanajuato. Se utilizó la chi cuadrada y razón de momios para determinar la fuerza de la relación entre ambas variables y el aumento del riesgo de desarrollar asma después de haber padecido alguno de los tipos de maltrato. Resultados. Quienes experimentaron abandono ingresaron a más temprana edad al albergue (en su mayoría del género femenino), que posteriormente tuvieron mayor riesgo de ser diagnosticados con asma que los menores que padecieron otras formas de maltrato (razón de momios de 2.092 contra 0.549, respectivamente). Conclusiones. Los niños que fueron víctima de abandono tuvieron mayor probabilidad de desarrollar asma a diferencia de los que padecieron otros tipos de maltrato.

Introduction. The relation between asthma and child mistreatment is not absolutely clear. The objective was recognizing asthma in preschool children that suffered diverse forms of mistreatment. Methods. Retrospective study based on medical files revision of children sheltered in a foster house in Guanajuato. Chi square and odds ratio were used to assess the force of the association between both variables and the increase in the risk of developing asthma after suffering some type of mistreatment. Results. Those who experience abandonment were the youngest at his entrance to the foster house (mainly of the feminine gender), that later had a high risk being diagnosed with asthma compared with children who suffered other types of mistreatment (odds ratio 2.092 vs 0.549, respectively). Conclusions. Children that were victims of abandonment had a higher probability to develop asthma than other type of mistreatment victims.

Aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e nível de satisfação de idosos institucionalizados no Distrito Federal / Socio-demographic and health aspects and the degree of satisfaction of the elderly institutionalized in the Federal District, Brazil

Objetivo Explorar aspectos sociodemográficos e de saúde de idosos institucionalizados no Distrito Federal, bem como o nível de satisfação deles com sua instituição. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório. Foram estudados 187 idosos residentes nas instituições de longa permanência para idosos do Distrito Federal, selecionados por conveniência. Utilizou-se um questionário sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, condições de saúde física e mental, nutrição, medicamentos e hábitos de vida. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional por meio da Miniavaliação Nutricional. Analisou-se o prontuário para complementar dados sobre doenças e medicamentos. Realizou-se análise dos dados no programa Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.2. A associação entre sexo e estado nutricional foi feita mediante aplicação do teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%, e, para avaliar a associação entre sexo e quantidade de medicamentos utilizados, foram usados o teste t de Student e o teste de Mann Whitney. Resultados Obteve-se que 56,70% dos idosos eram do sexo feminino, 50,80% recebiam visitas de familiares, 71,40% mostraram-se satisfeitos com suas instituições e 41,17% consideravam sua saúde boa. As enfermidades prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial, depressão e diabetes mellitus. Quanto ao uso de medicamentos, 62,57% utilizavam três ou mais medicamentos, sem diferença entre os sexos (p=0,0905). Quanto ao nível de nutrição, 17,65% das mulheres apresentaram desnutrição e 55,88% apresentaram risco de desnutrição, com pior estado nutricional que o masculino (p=0,0440). Conclusão Os dados encontrados estão em concordância com os nacionais e sugerem a necessidade de implementação de políticas eficazes de atenção aos idosos, especialmente os institucionalizados.

Objective To analyze socio-demographic and health aspects of the elderly institutionalized in the Federal District, Brazil, and their level of satisfaction in relation to their institution. Methods This is a transversal, descriptive, and exploratory study. The sample was composed of 187 elderly people permanently resident in Long-Stay Residences for Elderly People, in the Federal District, Brazil. The selection of the subjects was done from convenience. A questionnaire was used that focused on socio-demographic aspects, physical and mental health conditions, nutritional habits, medication and lifestyle. The subjects? nutritional status was assessed using a Nutritional Mini-evaluation. The institution?s medical records were analyzed in order to supplement data on illnesses and medication. This analysis was performed on the Statistical Analysis System Program, version 9.2. The associations between gender and nutritional status were made using Pearson?s Chi-square Test, with a significance level of 5%; the associations between gender and the amount of medication taken were made using the Students? t Test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results 56.70% of the subjects were female; 50.80% received family visits; 71.40% were satisfied with their institution, and 41.17% considered themselves healthy. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension, depression, and diabetes mellitus. 62.57% of the subjects were taking three or more medications, regardless of gender (p=0.0905). 17.65% of elderly women displayed malnutrition and 55.88% showed a risk of malnutrition; their nutritional status was worse than that of elderly men (p=0.0440). 59.40% of subjects are accustomed to going for a walk without difficulty and 85.00% feed themselves without any help. The elderly men showed greater autonomy and independence in recognizing money (p=0.0051), dressing themselves (p=0.0123) and taking a shower (p=0.0188). Conclusion The data found in the study are in accordance with national data. They suggest that it is necessary to implement efficient care policies for elderly people, especially those who are institutionalized.

Halfway houses for alcohol dependents: from theoretical bases to implications for the organization of facilities: [review]

The purpose of this paper is to supply a narrative review of the concepts, history, functions, methods, development and theoretical bases for the use of halfway houses for patients with mental disorders, and their correlations, for the net construction of chemical dependence model. This theme, in spite of its relevance, is still infrequently explored in the national literature. The authors report international and national uses of this model and discuss its applicability for the continuity of services for alcohol dependents. The results suggest that this area is in need of more attention and interest for future research.

PM10 as Predictor of Ventilation Efficiency of Houses in Relation to Health Effect.

Concerns for the high concentration of particulates in the ambient air of Jakarta had been associated with respiratory health effects. Accordingly, the high concentration of indoor air particulate in homes was also recognized as a potential health hazard to the household. This paper was based on findings in a cross-sectional study in homes of a village, Jakarta done for a dissertation of a doctoral degree in Public Health. In relation to health aspect, ventilation effectiveness was more predicted by the variation of indoor particulates concentrations (as PM10) than the physical characteristic of the houses. Besides, respiratory symptoms rates among children under-five were positively associated to PM10 concentrations. Except for the house dampness factor, no physical features of the houses such as sizes of windows, rooms, and the like, contributed to the variability of health of the occupants. This research suggested that PM10 concentration was a better indicator for a healthy house than the physical characteristics of the house. As such, the most sensitive and specific level of PM10 concentration to predict the development of respiratory symptoms was 70µg/m3. This cutoff concentration of PM10 agreed with the guideline value set on the level of 70 µg/m3 for the thoracic particles by the World Health Organization.

A Study on Experiments the Environmental Conditions and the Adaptation of the Human Body in the Vinyl House / 예방의학회지

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental conditions; In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was 27.4+/-3.7 degrees C and the outdoor air temperature was 14.4+/-2.7 degrees C. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was 18.3+/-4.8 degrees C and the outdoor air temperature was 7.6+/-2.5 degrees C on the average. 2. Skin Temperature; In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were 33.81+/-0.7 degrees C and 31.57+/-0.8 degrees C respectively, a difference of 2.24 degrees C. In the winter season, they were 31.95+/-1.93 degrees C and 29.86+/-0.55 degrees C respectively, a difference of 2.09 degrees C. 3. Clothing climate; In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were 34.77+/-0.80 degrees C and 70.75+/-1.65% and indoor, 31.9+/-0.52 degrees C and 51.9+/-3.70% outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were 32.52+/-1.04 degrees C and 64.65+/-3.68% indoor, 30.27+/-0.96 degrees C and 45.07+/-2.68% outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors; Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors; Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as "slightly larm" or "warm" indoor and as "neutral" in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as "neutral" or "slightly warm" outdoor the house and as "cold" in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as "uncomfortable" or "slightly uncomfortable" indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as "comfortable" in the spring and as "slightly uncomfortable" in the winter.