Adherencia a los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en personas con hipertensión arterial. Montería, 2010 / Adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in people with arterial hypertension. Monteria, 2010

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar la adherencia a tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en personas con hipertensión arterial, inscritas en el Programa de Control de una Empresa Social del Estado de baja complejidad en la ciudad de Montería. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo que permitió describir la adherencia al tratamiento en una muestra aleatoria de 177 personas que asistieron al servicio de consulta externa a control de la hipertensión arterial, mediante el empleo del Instrumento Factores que influyen en la adherencia a tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en pacientes con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular de Bonilla y De Reales. Los resultados del estudio revelan que la mayor proporción de las personas que participaron en el estudio se encontraron en riesgo de no desarrollar comportamientos de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, lo cual guarda relación con los factores socioeconómicos y relacionados con el proveedor. Los factores relacionados con la terapia y con el paciente reflejaron una situación de ventaja para la adherencia. La relación entre los 24 ítems del instrumento utilizado y la situación adherencia encontrada es lineal y en general la relación es fuerte con tendencia positiva. Se recomienda a los profesionales de enfermería continuar realizando investigaciones sobre el fenómeno de la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con riesgo cardiovascular con el propósito de contribuir al desarrollo disciplinar y por ende mejorar las prácticas de cuidado como un aporte a la solución del problema de altos índices de morbimortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares.

This study has as an aim to describe and analyze the adherence to nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment on people with arterial hypertension, registered in the control program of a state social enterprise of low complexity at Monteria city. It was used a cross sectional descriptive design with quantitative approach that allowed to describe the adherence to the treatment in a randomize sample of 117 people that attended the outpatient service to arterial hypertension control, through the using the instrumental factors that has influence in the adherence of nonpharmacolocical and pharmacological treatment on patients with risk factors of cardiovascular illness of Bonilla and De Reales. The outcomes of the study disclose that in an upper proportion of people who participate in the research were found on risk of not developing behaviors of adherence to the nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment, which keeps relation with socioeconomic factors and related with the supplier. The factors related to the therapy and with the patient, showed a situation of advantage for the adherence. The relationship between the 24 items of the used instrument and the adherence situation founded is lineal and in general the relationship is strong and with positive trend. It is recommended for the nursery professionals to continue doing researches about the phenomenon of treatment adherence on people with cardiovascular risk with the aim of contributing to the disciplinary development and therefore improving the practices of care as a contributing to the solution for the problem of high mortality index due to cardiovascular illness. The present study aimed to describe and analyze adherence to pharmacologic and non pharmacologic treatments in people with hypertension, enrolled in a control program of the State Social Enterprise of low complexity for the city of Montería.

Fatores para não-adesão ao programa de controle da hipertensão arterial em Campo Grande, MS / Factors for nonadherence to the Arterial Hypertension Control Program in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

A adesão ao tratamento farmacológico em doenças crônicas como a hipertensão arterial, é fundamental para o controle, prevenção de complicações e diminuição da mortalidade. Identificar os fatores que levam a não adesão ao programa de controle de hipertensão arterial, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Campo Grande, MS e produzir um modelo de predição desta condição foi o objetivo do presente estudo. Utilizou-se o método de caso-controle, aninhado a coorte de pacientes cadastrados no programa, no período de 2002 a 2005. Foi utilizada regressão logística tendo como variável-resposta ?adesão ao programa?. As associações significativas identificadas na análise univariada foram: características socioeconômicas, da doença, do tratamento e as relacionadas ao programa. Para prever a adesão, mantiveram-se no modelo as seguintes variáveis: dificuldade em ir ao programa, renda familiar, presença de diabetes, escolaridade e viver com companheiro. Com base no modelo, a probabilidade do paciente ser classificado corretamente como aderente, é de aproximadamente, 80% e como não aderente, 67%. O modelo identifica precocemente, pacientes vulneráveis à não adesão ao programa propiciando que este institua medidas voltadas aos prováveis, não aderentes.

Adherence to the pharmacological treatment of chronic diseases such as arterial hypertension is decisive in their control, in preventing complications, and in decreasing mortality rates. To identify factors that led patients to drop out of an arterial hypertension control program available at local district clinics of the government-run National Health Service in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, and to design a model to predict adherence. A nested case?control study was conducted on subjects selected from within a cohort of patients enrolled in the above program, from 2002 to 2005. Binary logistic regression was used, with ?adherence to program? as the binary response variable. Data were subjected to logistic regression analysis to generate a model capable of predicting adherence. Factors identified: difficulty in going to the venue where the program was available, family income, presence of diabetes, level of education and living with a partner. When the logistic regression model was used, the probability of a patient being correctly classified as adherent and nonadherent was approximately 80% and 67%, respectively. The model enables early identification of patients prone to nonadherence to the control program, thus making it possible to implement measures directed at potentially nonadherent participants.