Cefaléia hípnica em adulto jovem: relato de caso / Hypinic headache in young adult: case report

A cefaléia hipnica é um distúrbio extremamente raro, com critérios diagnósticos bem estabelecidos e que apresenta resposta terapêutica a medicações que não são de emprego usual no tratamento de cefaléia. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino de 46 anos que foi tratado com carbonato de lítio com excelente resultado.

The hypnic headache is extremely rare, with established diagnostic criteria, and has therapeutic response to medications that have unusual employment in the treatment of headache. We report a case of a 46 years old male patient who was treated with lithium with excellent results.

Otras cefaleas primarias / Other primary headaches

El capítulo de otras cefaleas primarias, abarca un grupo de cefaleas descritas como desórdenes clínicos heterogéneos. Aunque estas entidades no son frecuentemente encontradas en el escenario clínico es relevante conocer los aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento concernientes. Una de las características de mayor relevancia en este grupo está dado por el pobre entendimiento de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y por las recomendaciones terapéuticas basadas en reportes anecdóticos por lo tanto la Asociación internacional de dolor de cabeza estimula la investigación de estas entidades en pro de adquirir un mayor grado de comprensión de este tipo de cefaleas. Presentamos una revisión de los principales artículos relacionados con hemicrania continua, cefalea hípnica, cefalea primaria por tos, cefalea primaria relacionada con actividad sexual, cefalea primaria por ejercicio, cefalea primaria tipo punzada, cefalea primaria tipo trueno y nueva cefalea diaria persistente.

This chapter, other primary headaches, encompasses a group of headaches that are described as heterogeneous clinical disorders. Although these entities are not frequently seen in the setting of general consultation, it is relevant to know the most important aspects related to epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and treatment. One of the most relevant features of this group is that pathogenesis and suggested treatments are based in hypothetical descriptions and anecdotal reports therefore the International headache association aims to stimulate further investigations of these entities in order to get broader comprehension of this group. We review recent important papers pertaining to hemicrania continua, hypnic headache, primary cough headache, primary headache related to sexual activity, primary exertional headache, primary stabbing headache, primary thunderclap headache and new daily persistent headache.

Two Cases of Hypnic Headache

Hypnic headache is a unique headache disorder that occurs exclusively during sleep and often with "alarm-clock" consistency. It is a rare, benign, moderately severe, enduring headache syndrome that occurs in middle-aged to elderly adults and affects both sexes. The pathophysiology of hypnic headache is unknown, but its circardian periodicity and responsiveness to lithium suggest chronobiologic sleep disturbance contributing to the genesis of hypnic headache. We have recently experienced 2 cases of hypnic headache. They showed the characteristic signs of hypnic headache. We present our cases and discuss the pathophysiology of hypnic headache.