RESUMO
El uso de antibióticos en el tratamiento de la mastitis en la industria lechera ha acarreado una problemática con potencial impacto en la salud pública, como la resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la acción antimicrobiana del extracto alcohólico de hojas, tallos y flores de Tithonia diversifolia sobre el crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli en cultivo in vitro. Se evaluó el efecto inhibitorio en el crecimiento bacteriano a través de un ensayo de sensibilidad. En ambas bacterias el control positivo presentó un halo de inhibición superior a 30 mm, con diferencia significativa de los extractos de T. diversifolia. Los cuales presentaron para S. aureus un halo de 9,7 y 10,4 mm y para E. coli de 6,5 y 9,4 mm para tallo-hoja y flores respectivamente. El extracto alcohólico de flores de T. diversifolia se perfila como una herramienta potencial para inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano.
Antibiotics used as a treatment for mastitis in the dairy industry have brought a problem with a potential impact on public health, such as antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial action of alcoholic extract from Tithonia diversifolia's leaves, stems, and flowers on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in in vitro cultures. The inhibitory effect on bacterial growth was evaluated through a sensitivity test. In both bacteria, the positive control presented an inhibition halo greater than 30 mm, with a significant difference from the extracts of T. diversifolia, which presented, for S. aureus, a halo of 9.7 and 10.4 mm and for E. coli of 6.5 and 9.4 mm for stem-leaf and flowers respectively. The alcoholic extract of T. diversifolia flowers is emerging as a potential tool to inhibit bacterial growth.
RESUMO
Devido a capacidade dos endófitos em colonizar diferentes espécies de plantas, inclusive as medicinais, produzindo substâncias de interesse biotecnológico como antibióticos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar fungos endofíticos de folhas de Piper glabratum Kunth e avaliar a atividade antibacteriana contra bactérias patogênicas humanas. O isolamento dos fungos endofíticos foi realizado utilizando-se a desinfestação superficial com hipoclorito de sódio 3%. Para avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, foi obtido extrato de 20 fungos endofíticos isolados que foram testados o extrato diretamente na fase aquosa, a fração obtida com acetato de etila e com clorofórmio P.A. Foi utilizado o teste de difusão em discos contra as bactérias patogênicas humanas Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica e Shigella flexneri. Em placas de Petri com meio Muller Hinton (MH) contendo as bactérias foram inseridos quatro discos de papel estéreis inoculados com 10 µL de cada extrato metabólito. Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana pela formação de halos de inibição. Foi possível isolar 98 de P. glabratum, com frequência de isolamento de 98%. Dentre os 20 fungos avaliados quanto a atividade antimicrobiana, catorze isolados apresentaram atividade antibacteriana para pelo menos uma das quatro bactérias patogênicas testadas, destacando-se potencial de inibição para a bactéria S. aureus a partir dos testes realizados diretamente com o extrato bruto e com acetato de etila.
Endophytes are able to colonize different species of plants, including medicinal plants, producing substances of biotechnological interest such as antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from Piper glabratum Kunth leaves and evaluate the antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. The isolation of endophytic fungi was performed using the surface disinfection method with 3% sodium hypochlorite. In order to evaluate the antibacterial activity, extracts from 20 endophytic fungi were tested, with the extract directly into the aqueous phase and the fraction obtained with ethyl acetate and chloroform P.A. The method of disk diffusion was used against human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enterica. In Petri dishes with medium Muller Hinton (MH) containing bacteria, four sterile paper disks inoculated with 10 µL of each metabolite extract were inserted. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated due to the formation of the inhibition halo. It was possible to isolated 98 endophytic fungi from P. glabratum with isolation frequency of 98%. The results of the test showed that extracts from 20 endophytic fungi have inhibited the activity against fourteen isolates and antibacterial activity for at least one of the four tested pathogenic bacteria, emphasizing the potential for inhibition of S. aureus from the tests performed directly with the crude extract and ethyl acetate.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , FungosRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la actividad antifúngica del extracto de etanol Schinus molle y fluconazol sobre Candida albicans. Material y métodos. El estudio es experimental y transversal. La planta se recolectó en el departamento de Huancavelica provincia de Junín, se utilizó las hojas para preparar el extracto etanolico de Schinus molle. Los discos de extracto de etanol Schinus molle se obtuvieron en la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El fluconazol tuvo actividad antifungica se obtuvo del laboratorio de análisis microbiológico. 30 placas petri fueron divididas en 2 grupos, 30 de muestras de extracto etanolico de Schinus molle y 30 muestras de fluconazol, se aplicó en el disco el extracto etanolico de Schinus molle y otro disco se utilizó para elfluconazol y se colocaron en el agar dextrosa sabouraud que se esterilizó, en frio y se mantuvo a 45 grados centígrados. Se procedió a medir el halo inhibitorio con el instrumento pie de rey en un tiempo de 24 horas para el fluconazol y el extracto de etanol schinus molle. Resultados. El extracto de Schinus molle mostró actividad antifúngica con 25λg/ml, con un halo de inhibición mayor e igual 20mm, y el fluconazol con 25 λg/ml con un halo de inhibición de mayor e igual 31mm. (p=0.0001). Conclusiones. El extracto etanólico de Schinus molle utilizando las hojas de la planta con 25 λg/ml presentó un halo de inhibición de mayor e igual 20 mm mostrando así actividad antifúngica frente a cepas clínicas de candida albicans ATCC 10231.
Objective. To determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of Schinus molle and fluconazole on Candida albicans. Materials and methods. It was an experimental and cross study. The plant was collected in the department of Huancavelica; Junín Province. The ethanol extract of Schinus molle was prepared using the leaves. Discs of Schinus molle ethanol extract had an antifugal activity of 25ug/mL. It was obtained at the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Flucanozole had an antifungal activity of 25λg/mL and this was obtained from the microbiogical laboratory. Followed by 30 petri plaques divided into 2 groups, 30 samples of ethanol extract of Schinus molle and 30 samples of fluconazole. It was applied on a disk theethanol extract of Schinus molle and on another disc the fluconazole and they were placed on the agar of Sabouraud dextrose which was sterilized, cold and kept at 45 gradesC. The inhibitory halo was measured with the calipertoolin on a time of 24 hours to fluconazole and ethanol extract of Schinus molle. Results. The extract of Schinus molle showed antifungal activity with 25 ug/ml, with an inhibition halo of more equal 20mm, and the flucanozole with 25λg/ml, with an inhibition halo of more equal 31mm. p=0.0001. Conclusions. The ethanol extract of Schinus molle using the leaves of the plant with a concentration of 10mg/ml presented an inhibitionzone of more equal 20mm thus showing activity against clinical isolates of Candida albicans ATCC10231.