Study on efficacy and regulation of inflammatory factors with oseltamivir phosphate by different time series of interventions in a murine model of influenza A H1N1 virus infection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To compare the effects of different time sequence interventions on virus infected mice by using oseltamivir (Tamiflu) as a "tool drug" in view of the current situation of the too early the administration time of antiviral in vivo experiment, so as to provide a basis for selecting a reasonable model intervention time point for antiviral drug research. Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. The virus infection model was established by intranasal infection with influenza virus (0.25 TCID50). Tamiflu-1 group and Tamiflu-2 group were administered orally on 1st and 4th day after exposure. The body mass, survival rate, organ index, viral load and inflammatory factor content were measured. Results Compared with the blank control group, the body weight of the mice in the model group decreased and the lung index increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors in model 2 group were significantly different ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model-1 group ,the lung index and spleen index of the Tamiflu-1 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the mode-2 group,the lung index in the Tamiflu-2 group was significantly lower (P <0.05) ,and the thy-mus index was significantly higher (P<0.05). The viral load was 0. 03 times that of the model-2 group. The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors were significantly different (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The symptoms of the mice in Scheme 2 are more obvious and stable after exposure. After administration, the lung inflammation damage is alleviated. Considering the latency, drug intervention is in line with the drug indications when the model animals show symptoms. It will be more reasonable and accurate whether in the model evaluation or drug evaluation.

Acupuncture as adjuvant therapy for 32 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on the conventional treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 35 patients with COVID-19 of mild or ordinary type were involved (3 cases dropped off). Acupuncture was applied on the basis of western medicine and Chinese materia medica treatment. Dazhui (GV 14), Fengchi (GB 20), Kongzui (LU 6), Hegu (LI 4), etc. were selected as the main acupoints, the supplementary acupoints and the reinforcing and reducing manipulations were selected according to syndrome differentiation. Acupuncture treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week. On day 3 and day 7 of acupuncture, relief condition of the main symptoms was observed. Before acupuncture and on day 3 and day 7 of acupuncture, efficacy evaluation scale of TCM on COVID-19 (efficacy evaluation scale) score was recorded. The effects of different intervention time of acupuncture on patients' hospitalization time were compared, the understanding of acupuncture treatment of patients discharged from hospital was recorded, the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#On day 3 and day 7 of acupuncture, the symptoms of lung system and non lung system were both relieved; the scores of efficacy evaluation scale were both decreased compared before acupuncture (P<0.05), and the efficacy evaluation scale score of day 7 of acupuncture were lower than day 3 of acupuncture (P<0.05). The average hospitalization time of patients received early acupuncture was shorter than late acupuncture (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 84.4% (27/32) on day 7 of acupuncture, which was higher than 34.4% (11/32) on day 3 of acupuncture (P<0.05). During the acupuncture treatment, there were neither adverse reactions in patients nor occupational exposures in doctors. The patients generally believed that acupuncture could promote the recovery of COVID-19 and recommended acupuncture treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the conventional treatment, acupuncture can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19, early intervention of acupuncture can accelerate the recovery process. Acupuncture has good safety, clinical compliance and recognition of patients.

Analysis of theoretical basis and clinical application of dog-days moxibustion / 中国针灸

The present situation of the clinical application of dog-days moxibustion (moxibustion applied in the three periods of the hot season) is summarized so as to provide the guide for the theoretic study and clinical application of dog-days moxibustion. The intervention time of dog-days moxibustion is on the 1st day of each of the three periods of the hot season. Simultaneously, the geographic factors are considered. The disorders of lung system are mostly dominant among the indications of dog-days moxibustion, complicated with spleen and stomach disorders as well as cold and deficiency syndromes/patterns. The acupoints are mainly selected from the front- points on the chest and the back- points on the back, in combination with the differentiation of diseases, symptoms/patterns and the disorder stages. The duration of treatment is ranged from 1 to 3 years. The clinical therapeutic effect is improved constantly along with the increase of treatment periods by years.

Pattern of Referral Cases to the Obstetrics Unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital for Maternal Delivery

Background: Formal education, antenatal care, and improved health services still remain the key to a large-scale reduction in maternal mortality in developing countries. Pregnancy and labourcomplications are most prevalent among unbooked patients compared to booked patients. Prompt and effective treatment will go a long way to reduce these complications.Objective:To determine the pattern of Obstetric referral cases to the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) and assess time to response by the hospital.Methodology:A retrospective review of hospital records of all pregnant women referred to RSUTH for maternal delivery and care in a six months period, 1stApril to 30thSeptember2015, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, educational level, marital status, gestational age, parity, booking status, time interval between admission and intervention, obstetric diagnoses and outcome were retrieved using structured pro-forma. Data were analyzed using United States CDC Epi Info Version 7.Results:There were 460 cases referred to the hospital, which represents 42.6% of all maternal deliveries, with a mean age of 28.7±4.6 years and median age of 27.0 years. A majority, 73.7% had secondary education, 55.4% were Primigravidae, 55.4% had term pregnancies and 77.8% were booked elsewhere. Over 60% of diagnoses comprised of difficult labour, Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia and prolonged pregnancy. About 75% of the cases had intervention carried out within 12 hours of arrival to hospital.Conclusion: The pattern of referral cases to our hospital are mainly young educated primigravidae at term, who have had some form of antenatal care and presenting with common complications associated with this group. The intervention response time is good, but we recommend that high risk pregnancies should ab initio be registered at centers properly equipped to handle such cases to avoid calamity

Effect of Rehabilitation on Patients with Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury at Different Stages / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of rehabilitation training at different stages on patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury after conservative treatment. Methods:From October 2017 to October 2018, 58 patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury were divided into six-week rehabilitation group (n = 29) and twelve-week rehabilitation group (n = 29), according to the time they began rehabilitation after injury. Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot function scoring system were used to evaluate ankle function before rehabilitation, and two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks after rehabilitation, respectively. Results:Two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks after rehabilitation, the scores of VAS and AOFAS improved in both groups (|t| > 4.137, P < 0.001), the scores of VAS were lower (|t| > 3.110, P < 0.01), and the scores of AOFAS were higher (|t| > 3.016, P < 0.01) in the six-week rehabilitation group than in the twelve-week rehabilitation group. Conclusion:It is suggested to begin rehabilitation within six weeks for patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury after conservative treatment.

Time-dependent Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture on Ischemic Myocardium and Changes of Myocardial Autophagy and Apoptosis Related Protein Expression in Rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at different time-points on the injured myocar-dium and expression of myocardial Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ proteins in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats so as to explore its mechanisms underlying myocardial protective effect via reducing cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis. METHODS: A total of 66 adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham), model, EA-R 0min(R＝ reperfusion), EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups, with 6 rats being in the sham group and 12 rats being in each of the other 5 groups. The MIRI model was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. In the sham group, the ADB was only threaded without ligation. EA was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) for 20 min at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min when reperfusion. Evans Blue-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining was performed to determine the myocardial infarction area (MIA) and the ratio of the infarct size of the area at risk (IS/AAR). ELISA was performed to measure serum cardiac troponin 1 (cTn-Ⅰ) content, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 and autophagy related proteins Lc 3 Ⅱ and Lc 3 Ⅰ in the left cardiac ventricle tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the percentages of MIA in the EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups, and the IS/AAR in the EA-R 0min, EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min and EA-R 120min groups were significantly reduced (P0.05). CONCLUSION: EA intervention can reduce MIA in MIRI rats, which is possibly closely related to its effects in reducing apoptosis and autophagy. The best intervention time is at 30 min after MI reperfusion, but the difference of effects of EA at different time-points is independent of Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression.

Study on the Intervention Time of Acupuncture-moxibustion for Primary Dysmenorrhea / 上海针灸杂志

It's been confirmed that acupuncture-moxibustion is effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea, and the efficacy is closely related to the intervention time. By summarizing the latest research progress on real-time intervention and pre-intervention of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating primary dysmenorrhea, this articlewas to discuss about the effect of intervention time on the efficacy in treating primary dysmenorrhea and thus to provide evidence to choose the optimal intervention time. It brought up that real-time intervention of acupuncture-moxibustion can produce a significant analgesic effect in treating primary dysmenorrhea, while pre-intervention of acupuncture-moxibustion presents its advantages in generally regulating the body function. Therefore, the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea should combine real-time intervention and pre-intervention of acupuncture-moxibustion to enhance the clinical efficacy.

The influence of different modes of transport on emergency intervention time in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the time extended for getting emergency intervention in different modes of transportation and factors influencing the modes of transportation of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods A total of 564 consecutive patients with STEMI admitted from September 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study.The clinical data about time consumed for getting emergency intervention and modes of transportation were collected.Results According to the mode of transportation,patients were divided into three groups:emergency care system (EMS) transportation group (n =96),self-transportation group (n =206) and referral group in which the patients were sent in from other hospitals (n =262).EMS transportation group had significantly shorter total ischemic time before emergency treatment than self-transportation group (229 rin vs.418 min,P ＜ 0.05) and referral group (229 min vs.512 rin,P ＜ 0.05),and significantly shorter length of pre-hospital time than self-arrival group (55 min vs.110 min;P＜0.05) and referral group (55 min vs.372 min;P＜0,05).The referral group had longer pre-hospital time and the self-transportation group had longer door-to-balloon time,but there was no difference in total ischemic time between the self-arrival and referral group (Z =-1.882,P =0.068).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influence factors in mode of transportation:(1) patients characterized with high school or university education,profession of civil service,and their transportation distance more than 30 km were greater in number than referral group (P ＜ 0.05);(2) patients identified with senior middle school education,staff member of public sectors or company,their transportation distance less than 30 km,and with killip grade above Ⅱ were more likely to have EMS transport (P ＜ 0.05);(3) patients defined as businessmen without taking out new rural cooperative medical insurance,taking up transportation distance less than 80 km,and subjecting to killip grade Ⅰ had a higher proportion of individuals of this kind taking self-transportation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mode of transportation is an important factor that affects the time extended to get emergency intervention.Education level,occupation,medical insurance type,transportation distance,killip grade are associated with modes of transport.

The Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Speech Fluency in Preschool Hearing-impairedChildren with Different Hearing Devices / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the speech fluency of preschool hearing-impaired children with hearing devices ,and to explore influence of different hearing devices, age, ender and intervention time on their speech fluency.Methods A total of 109 subjects of normal children and hearing-impaired children were induded in this study.They were divided into 3 groups, 30 of normal children , 28 of hearing-impaired children with hearing aids , 26 of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants, 25 of hearing-impaired children with Cochlear implant and hearing aids.Their speech speed,pause,repetition,and prolongation in spontaneous language tasks by exploring the influence of factors such as hearing devices'' types,age, gender and intervention time difference to their speech fluency were studied.Results (1) The speed in normal children was significantly higher than those of in the other three groups(P0.05).The speech speed of children with hearing aids was higher than children with cochlear implants(P=0.045).Children with cochlear implant had more pauses than children with hearing aids(P=0.028).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children in 3.5~5 years old was lower than hearing-impaired children in 5.1~6.5 years old(P=0.042).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years, was higher than the children who receive intervention more than 2.5 years(P=0.002),while children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years had more pauses(P=0.047) and prolongations(P=0.002).Conclusion (1)Preschool hearing-impaired children''s speed is lower than the normal, and the times of pause and prolongation is more than the normal.(2) Different hearing devices and intervention time influence preschool hearing-impaired children''s verbal fluency, while gender have no effects.

Study of different intervention time of HAART in PMTCT of the blocking effect / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the HAART in PMTCT different intervention time of blocking effect. Methods 49 cases who received out -patient examination and hospital delivery of HIV positive pregnant women were selected,the intervention time pregnant 14 weeks,pregnant 28 weeks.The patients were divided into three groups,group A (n =20),group B (n =19),group C (n =10).The safe delivery,the newborn 50 out of 18 months of tracking and detection,and the results were analyzed.Results Three groups of antiviral HIV infected maternal immune status (P >0.05 ),antiviral CD +4 cell number variation had no statistical significance (P >0.05 ),the blocking effect was A group of infants 0 infection.In group B,1 cases of infant infection.Group C 2 cases of infant infection.Compared between group A and group B,the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.97,P >0.05),compared between group B and group C,the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =1.40,P >0.05). Compared between group A and group C,the difference had statistical significance (χ2 =4.08,P <0.05 ). Conclusion HAART for blocking HIV mother to child transmission effect is very significant,if in 14 weeks pregnant initiation of HAART,the infant HIV infection rate is lower,recommended the early antiviral treatment and after childbirth to strengthen follow -up and management.