Medical and forensic aspects of performing a remote interrogation of persons with disabilities / Aspectos médicos y forenses de la realización de un interrogatorio a distancia a personas con discapacidad / Aspectos médicos e forenses da realização de um interrogatório remoto de pessoas com deficiências

The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

A arte de elaborar uma pergunta de pesquisa / The art of crafting a research question

A criatividade na elaboração da pergunta impacta todo o processo da pesquisa, buscando suprir as lacuna do conhecimento, gerar percepções, instigar reflexões e procurar resolver problemas até então insolúveis. Objetivo: refletir acerca dos princípios fundamentais envolvidos na formulação de perguntas de pesquisa. Método: Estudo de crítico e reflexivo sobre tendências, lacunas e perspectivas emergentes contribuindo para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da complexidade envolvida na elaboração de perguntas de pesquisa. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias "Dimensões" e "Parâmetros" essenciais na elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa". Discussão: Acadêmicos e orientadores enfrentam dificuldades ao identificar elementos essenciais em uma pergunta de pesquisa estratégica e objetiva, denunciando a incerteza que provoca para a compreensão e investigação dos fenômenos. Deve ser sustentada por um paradigma de intelegibilidade, relação lógica e coerência epistemológica, subsidiando o autor na explcitação de sua voz. Conclusão: A habilidade de elaborar uma pergunta de pesquisa destaca a maestria do pesquisador, transcendendo a fronteira meramente linguistica.(AU)

Creativity in question formulation has an impact on the entire research process, seeking to fill knowledge gaps, generate insights, instigate reflections and try to solve previously unsolvable problems. Objective: To reflect on the fundamental principles involved in formulating research questions. Method: A critical and reflective study on emerging trends, gaps and perspectives, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complexity involved in formulating research questions. Results: Two categories emerged: "Dimensions" and "Parameters", which are essential when formulating a research question". Discussion: Academics and advisors face difficulties in identifying essential elements in a strategic and objective research question, denouncing the uncertainty it causes for understanding and investigating phenomena. It must be supported by a paradigm of intelegibility, logical relationship and epistemological coherence, supporting the author in explaining his or her voice. Conclusion: The ability to elaborate a research question highlights the mastery of the researcher, transcending the merely linguistic frontier.(AU)

La creatividad en la formulación de preguntas repercute en todo el proceso de investigación, al tratar de colmar lagunas de conocimiento, generar ideas, suscitar reflexiones y tratar de resolver problemas antes insolubles. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre los principios fundamentales implicados en la formulación de preguntas de investigación. Método: Estudio crítico y reflexivo de las tendencias, lagunas y perspectivas emergentes, contribuyendo a una comprensión más profunda de la complejidad que entraña la formulación de preguntas de investigación. Resultados: Surgieron dos categorías: "Dimensiones" y "Parámetros" que son esenciales a la hora de diseñar una pregunta de investigación". Discusión: Académicos y orientadores enfrentan dificultades para identificar los elementos esenciales en una pregunta de investigación estratégica y objetiva, denunciando la incertidumbre que provoca para la comprensión e investigación de los fenómenos. Debe apoyarse en un paradigma de intelegibilidad, relación lógica y coherencia epistemológica, ayudando al autor a explicitar su voz. Conclusión: La capacidad de elaborar una pregunta de investigación destaca el dominio del investigador, trascendiendo la frontera meramente lingüística. (AU)

Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre profissionais de enfermagem no Paraná / Work accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in Paraná / Accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico en profesionales de enfermería en Paraná

Objetivou-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico das notificações de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos entre profissionais de enfermagem no Paraná, por meio da série histórica determinada pelos anos de 2013 a 2022. Estudo epidemiológico observacional descritivo do tipo levantamento, fundamentado na epidemiologia descritiva, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram Identificados 48.405 casos, com prevalência de 98,54/1.000 profissionais. Destaca-se maior ocorrência no ano de 2019, na Regional de Saúde Metropolitana, entre técnicos de enfermagem, do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 31 e 40 anos. Entre enfermeiros, a faixa etária prevaleceu entre 18 e 30 anos, com evolução de alta sem conversão sorológica e fontes negativas para doenças. Destaca-se o alto número de tratamentos abandonados e subnotificações. Investir na formação profissional, na educação permanente, em equipamentos de proteção de qualidade e na efetivação dos protocolos para tratamento profilático é fundamental para prevenir o agravo.

The objective was to analyze the epidemiological profile of notifications of work accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in Parana, through the historical series determined for the years 2013 to 2022. Descriptive observational epidemiological study of the survey type, based on descriptive epidemiology, based on data from the System Information on Notifiable Diseases and the National Registry of Health Establishments. 48,405 cases were identified, with a prevalence of 98.54/1,000. More occurrences among female nursing technicians aged between 31 and 40 years old, from the Metropolitan Health Regional Facilities, in year 2019, stand out. Among nurses, the age range was between 18 and 30 years old, with discharge progressing without serological conversion and negative sources of disease. The high number of abandoned treatments and underreporting stands out. Investing in professional training, continuing education, quality protective equipment and implementing protocols for prophylactic treatment are essential to prevent the disease.

El objetivo fue analizar el perfil epidemiológico de las notificaciones entre profesionales de enfermería de Paraná, a través de la serie histórica determinada para los años 2013 a 2022. Estudio epidemiológico observacional descriptivo, tipo encuesta, con base en epidemiología descriptiva, a partir de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria. Se identificaron 48.405 casos, con una prevalencia de 98,54/1.000. Sobresalen más ocurrencias en 2019 entre técnicos de enfermería, del sexo femenino, edades entre 31 y 40 años, en la Regional de Salud Metropolitana. Entre los enfermeros, el rango de edad estuvo comprendido entre 18 y 30 años, progresando el alta sin conversión serológica y focos negativos de enfermedad. Destaca elevado número de tratamientos abandonados y subregistro. Invertir en formación profesional, educación continua, equipos de protección de calidad e implementar protocolos de tratamiento profiláctico son fundamentales para prevenir la enfermedad.

Epidemiology and exposure management of rabies in Shanxi Province， 2011‒2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province，and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province. MethodsThe incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022， a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province， with an average annual incidence of 0.080 3/105. The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall. The highest incidence was in August. The cases were mainly farmers， mostly males， and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old. The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human （93.96%）. The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months （37.37%）.The main exposure site was hand（51.33%）. Only 2.66% cases with grade Ⅲ exposure were injected with passive immune agents. ConclusionThe incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease， but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures. It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs，health education， and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.

Analysis of information labeling in instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs in 34 children’s medical institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To understand the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in children’s medical institutions， analyze the existing problems， and propose relevant suggestions. METHODS The instructions for 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in 20 tertiary children’s hospitals （centers） and 14 maternal and child health hospitals （centers） with regional representativeness in China were collected， and the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS There were only 7 kinds of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the others were non-specific drugs for children. Among antitussive and expectorant drugs， tablets accounted for 18.00%， injections for 18.00%， and capsules for 4.00%. Among 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs， 72 （72.00%） labeled the usage and dosage for children， 63 （63.00%） labeled the medication items for children， 59 （59.00%） indicated the information of children in the precautions， and pharmacokinetic parameters for children were absent. Compared with imported antitussive and expectorant drugs or the drugs manufactured by joint ventures， there were many missing labeling of medication information for children with Chinese drugs. Among 63 kinds of drug instructions labeled with medication items for children， various instructions information had little guiding significance. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of labeling in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the proportion of special drugs for children remains low. Pediatric drug information in the instructions has little guiding significance for pediatric medication. Relevant departments should further promote the completeness of pediatric medication information in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs to ensure the rational use of children’s medication.

Density and diversity of Culicidae (Diptera), with analysis of viral circulation, in urban public establishments in Northern Paraná, Brazil

ABSTRACT Brazil has been suffering a dengue (DENV) epidemic in 2019 and 2022 and records cases of Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). Londrina city, Paraná, stands out for the number of cases and deaths from dengue. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the density and diversity of mosquitoes present in urban public establishments of Londrina, to analyze their ecological relationships, and to investigate the presence of the DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Ovitraps were installed in outdoor sites in two public establishments in each region of Londrina, while adult culicids were caught indoors with a Nasci aspirator. A total of 5077 eggs were obtained in 77 ovitraps. The South region had the highest infestation while the East had the lowest (Ovitrap Positivity Index: 38% and 25%; Egg Density Index: 67.83 and 19.03, respectively). From eggs, 704 Aedes aegypti females and 71 Aedes albopictus females were obtained, while in the aspiration of adults, 99 A. aegypti and 11 Culex quinquefasciatus were captured, the highest number in the West and the lowest in the North. The DENV-II virus was detected in a pool of 17 A. aegypti females in the West region. The results demonstrate high density of pathogen vector species, mainly A. aegypti, in and around establishments, alerting to the need for constant local entomological surveillance to prevent viral circulation, mainly in crowded places. The presence of A. albopictus around the establishments also alerts to the urbanization of the species and potential participation in the viral circulation, demonstrating the need for constant monitoring.

Prácticas que desarrolla una Sociedad Científica Estudiantil de una Facultad de Odontología en el Perú

Introducción: Una Sociedad Científica Estudiantil es una estrategia que fortalece la investigación formativa a través del desarrollo de proyectos, conversatorios y actividades que permiten aprender a investigar. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas que desarrolla una Sociedad Científica Estudiantil en el contexto odontológico peruano. Métodos: Estudio de caso que describió las prácticas que desarrolla la Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga (Ica, Perú) durante 11 sesiones, a través de una observación participante. Las categorías analizadas fueron: dinámica organizativa básica, dinámica participativa y contenido de las sesiones; el análisis se basó en la triangulación e identificación de conexiones entre las categorías. Resultados: La Sociedad Científica Estudiantil es un semillero liderado por estudiantes del pregrado, que contó con 15 a 20 integrantes; sus actividades fueron cíclicas e incluyeron: seminarios, talleres, exposiciones, club de revistas, actividades recreativas, producción científica y difusión a través de sus redes sociales. Sus principales actividades involucran las de formación, de difusión, de proyección social y producción. Conclusiones: Las prácticas observadas de un semillero permiten concebir a una Sociedad Científica Estudiantil como una comunidad de aprendizaje que reconoce su papel en un contexto disciplinario donde se configura la naturaleza de la investigación y del acto investigativo dentro de esa comunidad; dentro de ellas los estudiantes se van dando cuenta de que la investigación es una forma de entender la vida y resolver problemas.

Introduction: A Student Scientific Society is a strategy that strengthens formative research through the development of projects, discussions and activities that allow learning to research. Objective: To describe the practices developed by a Student Scientific Society in the Peruvian dental context. Methods: A case study that described the practices developed by the Scientific Society of Dentistry Students of the National University San Luis Gonzaga (Ica, Peru) during 11 sessions, through participant observation. The categories analyzed were basic organizational dynamics, participatory dynamics and content of the sessions. The analysis was based on triangulation and identification of connections between the categories. Results: The Student Scientific Society is a seedbed led by undergraduate students, which had 15 to 20 members. The activities were cyclical and included seminars, workshops, exhibitions, magazine club, recreational activities, scientific production and dissemination through the social networks. Its main activities involve training, dissemination, social projection and production. Conclusions: The observed practices of a hotbed allow conceiving a Student Scientific Society as a learning community that recognizes its role in a disciplinary context where the nature of the research and the investigative act within that community is designed. Students, within that community, begin to realize that research is a way of understanding life and solving problems.

Escala de medición de resiliencia en adolescentes cubanos entre 15 y 19 años de edad

Introducción: La resiliencia en la adolescencia se relaciona con la capacidad de resolver el problema de la identidad, en contextos en los cuales esta no posee las condiciones para construirse de modo positivo. Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para evaluar resiliencia en adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de edad. Métodos: Investigación de tipo instrumental, en el Instituto Preuniversitario "Martín Dihigo" de Cienfuegos, de marzo a septiembre de 2022. Muestreo no probabilístico (n= 450). La validez de contenido se llevó a cabo a través del criterio de expertos, la validez de constructo a partir del análisis factorial y la validez de criterio mediante correlación con la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. La fiabilidad se realizó a través de la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal mediante el test-retest. Resultados: El instrumento presenta validez de contenido. El análisis factorial arrojó 7 factores que explican el 64,8 % de la varianza. La correlación con la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson fue de 0,333 (p< 0,01). Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach global α= 0,839; se demostró la estabilidad temporal. Conclusiones: La Escala de Resiliencia en Adolescentes Cubana tiene adecuados criterios de validez y fiabilidad que justifican su aplicación en la población de adolescentes de Cuba.

Introduction: Resilience in adolescence is related to the ability to solve the problem of identity in contexts where it does not have the conditions to be built in a positive way. Objective: To design an instrument to assess resilience in adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age. Methods: Instrumental research, at the Martín Dihigo Pre-University Institute in Cienfuegos, from March to September 2022. Non-probabilistic sampling (n= 450). Content validity was carried out through expert criteria, construct validity from factorial analysis and criterion validity through correlation with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Reliability was carried out through internal consistency, and temporal stability through test-retest. Results: The instrument presents content validity. The factorial analysis yielded 7 factors which explain 64.8% of the variance. The correlation of the instrument with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was 0.333 (p< 0.01). A global Cronbach's alpha α= 0.839 was obtained; temporal stability was demonstrated. Conclusions: The Cuban Adolescent Resilience Scale has adequate validity and reliability criteria that justify its application in the population of Cuban adolescents.

La autopsia psicológica en Colombia: ¿Concepto o procedimiento para la investigación científica? Una revisión sistemática / Psychological autopsy in Colombia: ¿Concept or procedure for scientific research? A systematic review

Introducción: La literatura científica reporta que la autopsia psicológica desde sus inicios fue utilizada con la finalidad de ayudar a determinar las circunstancias de muerte de una persona, no obstante, en la actualidad se acoge más como concepto que como una herramienta procedimental. Objetivo: Establecer si en Colombia se ha utilizado para reconstruir los aspectos pre mortem de quienes han fallecido en extrañas circunstancias, de acuerdo con la finalidad de esta. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en 10 bases de datos; se emplearon como palabras clave "autopsia psicológica" y "Colombia", bajo una ventana de observación entre 2010 al 2021; por medio del método PRISMA. Resultados: Se evidencia que en Colombia durante los últimos 10 años el número de estudios asciende a 19, publicados en bases de datos, de los cuales 16 no emplearon el procedimiento de autopsia psicológica y solo tres de ellos sí lo hicieron. Discusión: Existe una tendencia a emplear la autopsia psicológica como concepto desde un enfoque clínico para respaldar los análisis retrospectivos, que, como técnica o procedimiento, se distancia de la posibilidad de reconstruir la criminodinámica del delito, así como la reconstrucción de aspectos de la personalidad, el estado mental y el estilo de vida de quién ha fallecido. Conclusiones: Se resalta que en Colombia la autopsia psicológica se ha utilizado exclusivamente en el campo clínico, sin el rigor científico, metodológico y sin la validez del protocolo empleado.

Introduction: The scientific literature reports that psychological autopsy from its beginnings was used with the purpose of helping to determine the circumstances of death of a person, however, it is currently embraced more as a concept than as a procedural tool. Objective: to establish if in Colombia it has been used to reconstruct the pre-mortem aspects of those who have died under strange circumstances, according to its purpose. Methodology: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in 10 databases, using as keywords psychological autopsy and Colombia, under a window of observation between 2010 and 2021; using the PRISMA method. Results: they show that in Colombia during the last 10 years the number of studies published in databases amounts to 19, of which 16 did not use the psychological autopsy procedure and only three of them did. Discussion: There is a tendency to use psychological autopsy as a concept from a clinical approach to support retrospective analyses rather than as a technique or procedure, distancing us from the possibility of reconstructing the criminodynamics of the crime, as well as reconstructing aspects of the personality, mental state and lifestyle of the deceased. Conclusions: it is highlighted that in Colombia the psychological autopsy has been used exclusively in the clinical field, without the scientific and methodological rigor and without the validity of the protocol used.

The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá / El uso de la información ciudadana en la investigación criminal mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo para contrarrestar el hurto a personas en Bogotá / O uso da informação dos cidadãos na investigação criminal através de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica para combater o roubode pessoas em Bogotá

Theft from the person is one of the highest impact crimes in Bogotá, with a national share of approximately 38 %. This crime brought to the attention of the authorities is referred to by academics as recorded or reported crime and is used by the police for different purposes, particularly for criminal investigation, but with inefficient results in the identification of perpetrators. Therefore, the type of research is qualitative and has the objective of linking the citizen through a process of collaborative technological innovation, with the purpose of collecting, processing and analysing reported or non-reported information (hidden crime) in a timely, anonymous and efficient manner with disruptive technologies prioritized for the project.The methodology used begins with the discovery stage by identifying key actors and building user stories. Then, in the understanding stage, the value proposition is put forth by means of a hypothesis that is validated in a process of experimentation, and finally, in the build stage, a technology watch analysis is carried out and the proposal for the collaborative system between the citizen and the police with a technological approach is put forward. The results are based on the identification and prioritization of five technologies, two actors, three variables and application of six low and medium fidelity prototypes, as well as the acceptance of citizens in collecting and sharing timely information at 87 %; that information focuses on video, audio, photos and localization at 55 %.On the other hand, with the entry into operation of the collaborative system, the researchers indicate that it would optimise investigation by 50 % through the timely identification of the perpetrators. As for the conclusion, the information analyzed and obtained from the results allows to reach, in a first phase, validation of the established hypothesis, but at the same time recognising the importance of including methodologies such as System Dynamics that allow for the systemic analysis of the information established by other actors and its impact on the proposed collaborative system.The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá

El hurto a personas es uno de los delitos de mayor impacto en temas de seguridad para Bogotá con una participación a nivel nacional del 38 % aproximadamente. Este delito puesto en conocimiento de las autoridades es denominado por académicos como criminalidad registrada o denunciada y es utilizada por la institución policial para diferentes fines, en especial para la investigación criminal, pero con resultados poco eficientes en la identificación de victimarios. Por lo tanto, el tipo de investigación es cualitativa y tiene como objetivo vincular al ciudadano mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo, con el propósito de recolectar, tratar y analizar información denunciada y no denunciada (criminalidad oculta) de manera oportuna, anónima y eficiente con tecnologías disruptivas priorizadas para el proyecto. La metodología empleada inicia con la etapa de descubrir mediante la identificación de actores claves y la construcción de historias de usuario. Luego, en la etapa comprender se plantea la propuesta de valor mediante una hipótesis que se valida en un proceso de experimentación, y por último en la etapa construir, se realiza un análisis de vigilancia tecnológica y se plantea la propuesta del sistema colaborativo entre el ciudadano y la policía con enfoque tecnológico. Los resultados se basan en la identificación y priorización de cinco tecnologías, dos actores, tres variables y aplicación de seis prototipos de baja y mediana fidelidad, así como la aceptación de la ciudadanía en recolectar y compartir información oportuna en un87 %, esa información se centra en videos, audios, fotos y localización con un 55 %. Por otro lado, con la entrada en funcionamiento del sistema colaborativo, los investigadores indican que optimizaría la investigación en un 50 % mediante la identificación oportuna de los victimarios. En cuanto a la conclusión, la información analizada y obtenida de los resultados, permite llegar en una primera fase, a validar la hipótesis establecida, pero a la vez, la importancia de incluir metodologías como la Dinámica de Sistemas que permita el análisis sistémico de la información establecida por otros actores y su impacto en el sistema colaborativo propuesto.

O roubo de pessoas é um dos crimes de maior impacto nas questões de segurança de Bogotá, com uma participação nacional de aproximadamente 38 %. Este crime levado ao conhecimento das autoridades é denominado pelos acadêmicos como crime registrado ou denunciado e é utilizado pela instituição policial para diversos fins, principalmente para investigação criminal, mas com resultados ineficientes na identificação dos autores. Portanto, o tipo de pesquisa é qualitativo e visa vincular os cidadãos por meio de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica, com o objetivo de coletar, tratar e analisar informações denunciadas e não denunciadas (crimes ocultos) de maneira oportuna, anônima e eficiente, priorizando tecnologias disruptivas. para o projeto. A metodologia utilizada começa com a fase de descoberta, identificando os principais atores e construindo histórias de usuários. Depois, na fase de compreensão, é proposta a proposta de valor através de uma hipótese que é validada num processo de experimentação e, finalmente, na fase de construção, é realizada uma análise de vigilância tecnológica e é proposta a proposta de um sistema colaborativo entre cidadãos. e a polícia com foco tecnológico. Os resultados baseiam-se na identificação e priorização de cinco tecnologias, dois atores, três variáveis e aplicação de seis protótipos de baixa e média fidelidade, bem como na aceitação dos cidadãos na recolha e partilha de informação atempada em 87 %, esta informação centra-se em vídeos, áudios, fotos e localização com 55 %. Por outro lado, com a entrada em funcionamento do sistema colaborativo, os investigadores indicam que otimizaria a investigação em 50 % através da identificação atempada dos autores. Quanto à conclusão, a informação analisada e obtida a partir dos resultados permite-nos chegar numa primeira fase à validação da hipótese estabelecida, mas ao mesmo tempo, a importância de incluir metodologias como a Dinâmica de Sistemas que permite a análise sistémica da informação estabelecida por outros atores e seu impacto no sistema colaborativo proposto.

¿Son fiables las ruedas de reconocimiento como prueba de identificación del autor de un delito? Una revisión de meta-análisis y estudios experimentales / Are police line-ups reliable as evidence of perpetrator identification? A review of meta-analyses and experimental studies / As rodas de reconhecimento são confiáveis como prova de identificação do autor do crime? Uma revisão de metanálises e estudos experimentais

La rueda de reconocimiento es una diligencia de investigación policial orientada a identificar al autor de un crimen. Se trata de una práctica relativamente frecuente que puede tener como resultado consolidar sospechas o también descartar líneas de investigación. La rueda de reconocimiento suele estar precedida de la exposición de un álbum de fotos y también es frecuente solicitar al mismo testigo que haga una descripción o un retrato robot del atacante. Existen fundadas sospechas de que la concatenación de estas diligencias policiales de identificación desvirtúa la eficacia de la declaración del testigo presencial para elegir al verdadero culpable, en caso de que esté presente en la rueda. También existen algunas controversias con respecto a la fiabilidad de la rueda de reconocimiento en función de la edad del testigo, del número de personas que la conforman, del procedimiento para llevarla a cabo, entre otras. Con el objetivo de acotar la evidencia empírica en torno a estas cuestiones, se presenta una revisión de estudios meta-analíticos y diversos estudios experimentales, desde los cuales se han podido identificar los procedimientos más adecuados para optimizar la eficacia en la precisión de la declaración de los testigos presenciales de un delito en el contexto de una rueda de reconocimiento.

The line-up is a police investigative procedure aimed at identifying the perpetrator of a crime. It is a relatively common practice that can result in consolidating suspicions or ruling out lines of investigation. The identification parade is usually preceded by the exhibition of a photo album and it is also common to ask the same witness to make a description or sketch of the perpetrator. There are strong suspicions that the concatenation of these police identification steps undermines the effectiveness of the eyewitness statement in identifying the real culprit, if present at the line-up. There is also some controversy regarding the reliability of the identification parade, depending on the age of the witness, the number of people involved, the procedure for carrying it out, among others. In order to narrow down the empirical evidence on these issues, a review of meta-analytical studies and various experimental studies is presented, based on which it has been possible to identify the most appropriate procedures to optimise the effectiveness in the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in the context of a line-up.

A roda de reconhecimento é um procedimento de investigação policial que visa identificar o autor de um crime. É uma prática relativamente comum que pode resultar na consolidação de suspeitas ou na exclusão de linhas de investigação. A roda de identificação é geralmente precedida pela exibição de um álbum de fotos e é comum pedir à mesma testemunha que faça uma descrição ou um esboço do autor do crime. Há fortes suspeitas de que a concatenação dessas etapas de identificação policial prejudica a eficácia do depoimento da testemunha ocular na identificação do verdadeiro culpado, se presente nessa fase. Há também alguma controvérsia quanto à confiabilidade da roda de reconhecimento, dependendo da idade da testemunha, do número de pessoas envolvidas, do procedimento para realizá-la, entre outros. A fim de restringir as evidências empíricas sobre essas questões, é apresentada uma revisão de estudos metanalíticos e experimentais, a partir dos quais foi possível identificar os procedimentos mais adequados para otimizar a eficácia na precisão do depoimento de testemunhas oculares no contexto de uma roda de reconhecimento.

Clinicopathological correlation of various prostatic lesions with serum prostate-specific antigen level – A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background: The prostate is a male reproductive accessory gland which gives rise to several pathological conditions. The present study aims to study the correlation of histopathology of prostatic diseases with the clinical profile of the patient coming to VSS Medical College (VSSMC), Burla for histopathological reporting of prostatic biopsies. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To correlate serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level with various clinical and pathological lesions of the prostrate gland, in a Hospital-based sample of Western Odisha population. (2) As the male gender represents almost half of the entire population, to find out different clinicopathological lesions, percentage-wise, so as to know the frequency of occurrence of such lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven cases of prostatic diseases were recorded in the Department of Pathology, VSSMC, Burla for histopathological examination of prostatic tissue for 2 years from September 2017 to August 2019. All the samples were fixed in 5 ? sections with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Then Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and E stain) was used for staining. Appropriate clinical data comprising signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and serum PSA levels were recorded. Results: The present study, in the beginning, consisted of 64 patients, out of which seven patients were excluded by exclusion criteria, and finally, 57 cases were analyzed. The most prevalent age group for all prostatic diseases was 61–70 years with a mean of 67 years. The majority of the cases (73.67%) were benign mostly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was 12.29% and malignant cases (all adenocarcinoma) were also 12.29%. All patients showed prostatomegaly. About 50% of cases suggestive of malignancy by digital rectal examination (DRE) were confirmed to be carcinoma by histopathological study. Serum creatinine level was raised in 16.27% of benign and 21.42% of premalignant and malignant conditions. Serum PSA level below 4 ng/mL were all benign and above 10 ng/mL were majority malignant conditions. However, at level 4–10 ng/mL, BPH and PIN cases were overlapped with cases of carcinoma. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most commonly encountered prostatic lesion. Serum PSA level <4 ng/mL is associated with benign conditions and more than 10 ng/mL is associated more with carcinomas. Although, investigations such as DRE and serum PSA estimation aid in diagnosis, a definitive diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of prostate can be made by histopathological study of prostatic biopsies.

Concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales de las ciencias biomédicas / Conception of social impact in biomedical science doctoral dissertations i: en

Introducción: La concepción del impacto social de las tesis doctorales en ciencias biomédicas ha requerido un enfoque integrador que privilegie una orientación de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en salud, para la transferencia de progresos e innovaciones biomédicas. Objetivo: Describir la concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales en ciencias biomédicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde diciembre del 2022 hasta marzo del 2023, de 40 informes de tesis doctorales -seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple- publicados en el Repositorio de Tesis en Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud en Cuba. A tal efecto, la variable concepción del impacto social en dichas tesis fue evaluada según 3 indicadores medidos en las categorías alto, medio y bajo. Resultados: En las tesis doctorales estudiadas, 22,5 % correspondió a las ciencias médicas, 5,0 % a las de la enfermería, 22,5 % a las estomatológicas y 25,0 %, tanto a las ciencias de la educación médica, como a las de la salud, respectivamente. Se obtuvo un predominio de los informes de las ciencias estomatológicas en la categoría bajo en los 2 indicadores relacionados con el aporte y la relevancia del problema social que abordaban (con 55,5 % en cada uno). Conclusiones: Se verificó que la concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales de las ciencias biomédicas fue limitada, pues lo más importante en estas fue sustentar el impacto científico.

Introduction: The conception of the social impact in the doctoral theses in biomedical sciences has required an integrative approach that favors a science orientation and technological innovation in health, for the transfer of biomedical progress and innovations. Objective: To describe the conception of social impact in biomedical sciences dissertations. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, from December 2022 to March 2023, of 40 doctoral theses reports -selected by simple random sampling- published in the Repository of Biomedical and Health Sciences Theses in Cuba. For this purpose, the variable conception of social impact in these theses was evaluated according to 3 indicators measured in high, medium and low categories. Results: In the doctoral theses analyzed, 22.5% corresponded to medical sciences; 5.0% to nursing; 22.5% to stomatology and 25.0% either to medical education sciences or to health sciences, respectively. A predominance of reports from dental sciences in the low category was obtained in the 2 indicators related to the contribution and relevance of the social problem they addressed (with 55.5% in each one). Conclusions: It was verified that the conception of social impact in biomedical sciences dissertations was limited, since the most important thing in these ones was to support the scientific impact.

Experiencia en la introducción de resultados científicos desde la formación doctoral / Experience in the introduction of scientific results from the doctoral training i: en

Durante estos años, condicionados por los efectos de una pandemia y la situación económica global, la incorporación oportuna de los resultados científico-técnicos es necesidad y responsabilidad de la comunidad científica. En este trabajo se expone una experiencia en la introducción de resultados científicos desde la formación doctoral, dirigida al área de la atención inicial al paciente con traumatismo maxilofacial. La importancia de esta práctica radica en los aportes social, científico y profesional y en la formación de recursos humanos para lograr la transformación y el mejoramiento de la realidad.

During these years, conditioned by the effects of a pandemic and the global economic situation, the opportune incorporation of the scientific technical results is necessity and responsibility of scientific community. An experience in the introduction of scientific results from the doctoral training, directed to the area of initial care to the patient with maxillofacial traumatism, is presented in this work. The importance of this practice resides in the social, scientific, professional contributions and in the formation of human resources to achieve the transformation and improvement of reality.

Investigation and analysis of superficial fungal infection and drug use among naval trainees / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of superficial mycosis among naval trainees, and observe the efficacy of a novel antifungal drug. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the onset, medication and recurrence of superficial fungal infection among the trainees from January, 2020 to July, 2020. At the same time, the new antifungal drug sulconazole nitrate spray was provided for treatment and the drug efficacy was observed. Results The participants generally lacked understanding and attention to superficial fungal infections. The incidence rate of superficial fungal infection was 52%, of which 76.2% of patients had recurrence of superficial fungal infection. The sulconazole nitrate spray showed great effect against these infections. Conclusion The trainees should understand the causes of superficial fungal infection through health education and seek medical treatment and medication in time. The cure rate of superficial fungal infections could only be improved through the collaborative management of the school, hospital, and trainees to reduce the impact of these infections on naval trainees’ work and life.

Introduction of the national technical plan for monitoring occupational health literacy of key population groups in 2022 / 中国职业医学

Occupational health literacy refers to the awareness and ability of workers to obtain basic knowledge of occupational health, practice healthy working styles and lifestyles, prevent the risk of occupational and work-related diseases, and maintain and promote their own health. In 2022, for the first time, China carried out nationwide monitoring for occupational health literacy of key populations. The National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was responsible for technical support, formulating the National Technical Plan for Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention of Key Populations, and formulating relevant requirements and specifications for monitoring purposes, monitoring scope and objects, sampling methods, monitoring content and methods, organization and implementation of field investigation, and quality control. In addition, the National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire for Key Groups was provided, and the monitoring and intervention of occupational health literacy for key groups in the second- and third-key industries has been organized nationwide, so as to understand the occupational health literacy of the occupational population in China and provide important support for promotion of high-quality construction of healthy China.

Survey on the training needs of general practitioners in the context of public health emergency / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To survey on the training needs of general practitioners (GPs) in the context of public health emergency.Methods:A questionnaire was developed through literature review and interviews with health department leaders, administrators and GPs in grassroots health institutions as well as experts in the field. The contents of questionnaire included the basic information, perception of epidemic impact, knowledge and skills to learn, and the preferred training contents related to public health emergency. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 430 GPs from 44 grass-roots institutions of 6 cities/districts in Suzhou selected by multi-stage convenient sampling method from April to May 2022. Kano model was used to analyze the needs and preferences of general practitioners for training contents related to the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.Results:A total of 391 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 90.93%. More than half of respondents hoped to learn about the general diagnosis and treatment, first aid, and emergency management of common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as common community emergencies through training. In the training contents domains, special training for COVID-19 prevention and control was necessary; knowledge and practical skills were expected as the basic training needs; research and teaching ability and self-regulation ability were training needs of charm attributes; and professional quality, doctor-patient communication, and management ability were all training needs of no difference attributes.Conclusion:In the context of public health emergency, the specialized training of epidemic prevention and control is prioritized for GPs, the training of knowledge and practical skills, research and teaching abilities and self-regulation abilities are also needed.

Investigation on clinical knowledge and training needs of general practitioners: a perspective of subjective perception and objective assessment / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical knowledge and training needs of general practitioners from subjective perception and objective assessment, and to analyze their relationship.Methods:A survey was conducted among general practitioners from community health service centers in Shanghai Changning district from September to December 2020. Based on the general practitioner competency indicator system designed by the project team, 17 clinical knowledge competency evaluation indicators were developed through expert consultation, and used for subjective perception and objective assessment of clinical knowledge and learning needs among general practitioners. The influencing factors of objective assessment scores were analyzed, and the relationship between subjective perception and objective assessment scores was analyzed using the four quadrant method.Results:A total of 136 general practitioners participated in the study with the mean age of (39.25±5.90) years, most of whom were attending physician (67.65%, 92/136) and had undergraduate education (88.20%, 122/136). The average daily application frequency score was (1.55±0.21), and the training needs score was (1.65±0.09) for 17 clinical knowledge items; the average objective evaluation score was (74.21±14.0) points. The older the age ( OR=1.25, 95% CI:1.14-1.37), the higher the educational level ( OR=2.11, 95% CI:1.57-2.83), and the longer the working years ( OR=1.16, 95% CI:1.04-1.30) were significantly correlated with the higher objective evaluation scores (all P<0.05). The objective evaluation scores of endocrine diseases such as diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases are the highest, and the daily application frequency and learning needs are high (the first quadrant); The objective evaluation scores of common orthopedic diseases, common psychological diseases, and planned immunity indicators were relatively low, but their daily application frequency and learning needs were relatively high (second quadrant). The objective evaluation scores of indicators such as common malignant tumors, common dermatology diseases and health problems, and common ENT diseases were low, and the daily application frequency and learning needs were also low (the third quadrant). The objective evaluation scores of indicators such as hospice and palliative care are relatively high, but their daily application frequency and training needs are relatively low (listed in the fourth quadrant). Conclusions:The clinical knowledge levels of general practitioners are correlated with age, education level, and years of practice. There is a certain overlap between the objective evaluation results of clinical knowledge and the frequency of knowledge usage and training needs of general practitioners, and a targeted training mechanism should be established.

Population survey of Pomacea spp. in Shandong Province and preliminary study on the risk of population infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the population distribution of Pomacea spp. in Shandong Province and the risk of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in the local population, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of related diseases. Methods:From July to December 2021, Yanzhou District of Jining City, Ningyang County of Taian City, and Dongying District of Dongying City were selected as surveillance sites to investigate the population and distribution range of Pomacea spp., live snail samples were collected for morphological and genetic identification, and Pomacea spp. infected with the larva of Angiostrongylus cantonensis was detected by lung test. At the same time, sentinel hospital case surveillance was carried out in Yanzhou District, Jining City, and questionnaire was used to study the local residents' awareness of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and their personal health behaviors. Results:A total of 312 live snail samples were collected. After morphological identification, they were all Pomacea spp.. After gene sequencing, two populations of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata were found. No positive snails infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis were found. A total of 126 patients with headache as the main neurological symptom were admitted to the sentinel hospital, but there were no monitoring cases that met the inclusion criteria. Among the survey population, 48.38% (134/277) of the respondents had heard of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, 44.77% (124/277) knew that eating Margarya melanioides might cause angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, and 83.39% (231/277) had no related unhealthy eating behavior. Conclusion:Pomacea spp. is found and reported for the first time in Shandong Province, and there is a risk of population infection with angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.