Effectiveness of a “home care model” for oral cancer patients on the home care competency of their caregivers

Background: Cancer can occur to everyone regardless of sex, age, culture, socioeconomic status, and geographical area. Various forms of cancer strike at different age, ethnic, gender groups with severity, and varying frequency. Objective: The study objectives were as follows: (1) To develop and implement a home care model on home care competency of caregivers and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of home care model on home care competency of caregivers. Materials and Methods: For this study, a quantitative research approach was used to develop and implement a home care model on home care competency (knowledge and practice) of caregivers. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was used in the study. The study was conducted in a selected hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the study subject. Data were collected from 40 caregivers of oral cancer patients using a structured knowledge questionnaire, structured self-report nutritional practice checklist, and structured observational wound care checklist. Results: The mean post-test practice scores and knowledge scores (18.75, 12.82, and 7.55) were higher than mean pre-test practice scores and knowledge scores (11.95, 8.85, and 4.23) which were found statistically significant at P < 0.05. The mean percentage area-wise distribution of knowledge regarding nutritional management at pre-test was 51% and wound care management was 55%, which was improved for both (81%) at post-test. No significant association was found between knowledge and practice except occupation. Minor correlation was found between post-test knowledge and post-test practice scores. Conclusion: It is concluded that home care competency program was found effective to improve the knowledge and practice of caregivers of oral cancer patients.

Knowledge, behavior and psychological status regarding COVID-19 in elementary and secondary school teachers / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the knowledge, behavior and psychological status regarding COVID-19 epidemic in elementary and secondary school teachers, and to provide a reference for disease prevention and control at schools as well as for preparation of school returning. Methods A survey in 2 338 teachers was conducted using self-designed questionnaires about COVID-19. Results The overall awareness rate of COVID-19 knowledge was 88.79%, knowledge score was 10.65±1.09, and the school health teachers had higher score than other school staff (F＝23.87, P=0.000 1).Respondents with IP address in Hubei had higher score than those in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai(F＝10.69, P=0.014).The top three knowledge resources were news apps (Toutiao, Tencent) (87.25%), WeChat (78.06%) and telecast (74.94%).The overall healthy behavior score was 43.59±3.12, and school doctors again had higher score than other school staff (F=11.48, P=0.02).Respondents with IP address in Hubei had higher score than those in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai (F=17.08, P=0.000 7). During the epidemic, 100% respondents wore masks when taking public transportation, the highest rate of wearing masks, while 90.93% wore masks at family and friends gathering, the lowest rate of wearing masks.The top three types of masks being used were disposable medical masks (89.14%), surgical masks (43.63%) and N95 medical protective masks (34.09%).The highest rate of hand washing behavior was 99.83% for washing hands after going to toilet, while the lowest was 75.92% for washing hands after touching hair, ears and nose.The highest rate of other healthy behaviors was 94.14% for reducing family and friend gatherings, while the lowest was 71.60% for covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. The correlation between health behavior and knowledge was statistically significant (r=0.081, P < 0.001).Correlation analysis showed that the degree of concern was related to the degree of teaching influence (r=0.768, P=0.0002), and the degree of anxiety was related to the degree of teaching influence (r=0.175, P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between the degree of concern and the degree of anxiety. Conclusion Elementary and secondary school teachers generally have high score in the COVID-19 knowledge test, and behaved well in wearing masks.Hand hygiene education should be further improved.There are concerns about the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on teaching.

Knowledge and practice among the pediatric post graduate residents regarding the technique of blood culture sampling

Background: Errors in sampling during blood culture, may lead to contaminants or poor yield which result in faulty reports increasing patient's suffering, endanger patient safety and increasing cost of health care. Optimal knowledge about the sampling method for important microbiological test like blood culture translates into appropriate practices. Authors objectives was to assess the knowledge and practice of the Pediatric resident doctors, regarding sterile technique during blood culture collection. The change in the knowledge of the residents during blood culture sampling with regards to maintaining asepsis after watching educational video was evaluated.Methods: A quasi experimental, questionnaire based study with pre–post intervention,  involved post graduate resident’s knowledge and  practice regarding the sterile technique during blood culture collection. The data   analyzed using paired t test and Chi-square Test.Results: 18(60%) participants accepted that they have collected blood culture not maintaining complete asepsis at some time in past. The reasons for the same were lack of knowledge 14 (46.66%), no assistance from staff for the procedure 14 (46.66%), non-availability of sterile gloves 4 (13.33%), non-availability of antiseptic solution 4(13.33%), time consuming 8 (26.66%).Conclusions: Ultimately, blood culture contamination is a complex, challenging problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Regular teaching modules for the health personnel and ensuring environment conducive to correct practises would definitely help in improving the sampling practises for aseptic procedures.

Using Of Hypertonic Saline And Mannitol In Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Urinaryincontinence(UI)inwomenisanawkward,oftenundiscussedsubject,associatedwithanxiety,depression,socialisolationandaffectingqualityoflife.Thisstudyaimedtoassessprimaryhealthcarephysicians'knowledgeandpracticeinSaudiArabia'sEasternProvince.Thiscross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers of three main sectors (Dammam, Khobar and Qatif) in the Eastern Province by a self-administeredsurvey.Thesamplesizewas120physicianswhocompletedthequestionnaire.MostprimaryhealthcarephysiciansclearlyunderstoodUI,one-thirdofthemroutinelyaskedpatientsaboutUI,andabout55%ofthemcommonlyencounteredUIintheirpractice.Lackofscreeningtools,unfamiliaritywithavailabletreatmentalgorithms,andlackoftimewerethemostcommonbarriers.Almostallprimarycareproviders(95.8%)referredUIpatientstosecondarycare.Sixtypercentphysicianshadgoodoverallknowledge,and52.5%hadgoodattitudesandpracticesaboutUI.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantrelationshipexceptforjoblevelinrelationtoknowledgeandpracticescores.ImprovededucationandbasicscreeningprogramsandtreatmentinprimarycarecenterswouldimproveUIdetectionandmanagementattheprimarycarelevel

Assessment of knowledge and practice on plastics among the professional course students of Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu

Background: The use of plastics made life easy in day to day life. However, the disposal of it remains a public health problem worldwide. Plastic waste are major cause of environment pollution becomes carcinogenic to human, birth defects, impaired immunity, endocrine disruption, development and reproductive effect. Raising the awareness of the different stake holders is suggested by United Nations Environment Programme. Assessing the knowledge and practice of the student community, especially of the professional courses, in this regard is considered as a vital one.Methods: A total of 563 students of professional courses were included in the study. Their knowledge in terms general aspects, ill effects, reuse and practice in terms of usage and disposal were assessed with a questionnaire.Results: 46% of the students found having good knowledge. Only 27.6% were found to have good practice. Though the students have good knowledge on ill effects of plastics, their practice in terms of disposal was less. Significant variations were observed among the students of different courses.Conclusions: Addressing the gap between knowledge and practice in terms of designing messages for proper disposal and avoiding usage of single use plastics at individual and collective level is required.

Conocimientos y prácticas de médicos generales en el manejo de la ginecomastia / Knowledge and practices of gynecomastia of non-specialist's doctors / Conhecimentos e práticas de clínicos gerais no gerenciamento de ginecomastia

Introducción. La ginecomastia es un trastorno endocrinológico con alta prevalencia y morbilidad, sin documentación epidemiológica local que guíe a los médicos generales para la identificación y manejo individualizado.Objetivo. Identificar y asociar los conocimientos de los médicos generales encuestados con las prác-ticas de su ejercicio profesional cotidiano ante posibles casos de ginecomastia.Materiales y método. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y enfoque cuantitativo, en el que, posterior a la validación del instrumento y consentimiento informado tácito, se aplicó a una muestra poblacional de 170 médicos durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero y mayo de 2018.Resultados. El departamento de Boyacá representó el principal punto de localización geográfica de los entrevistados, la mayoría de ellos activos en los servicios de consulta externa y urgencias de insti-tuciones de salud de nivel I de atención, egresados de universidades privadas, con tiempo de ejercicio profesional inferior a 10 años. Un alto porcentaje de los encuestados acertaron en los interrogantes referidos a conceptos teóricos, y solo el 12,9%, respecto la clasificación clínica.Conclusiones. Los médicos generales encuestados recuerdan conocimientos teóricos, pero tienen visibles dificultades para su aplicabilidad práctica. Existe correlación entre el "tiempo de ejercicio pro-fesional" y la aplicación de la "técnica del examen físico de la mama ante un caso de ginecomastia", así como entre la práctica de algunas actividades médicas, el acierto en varias preguntas del saber y la universidad de egreso.

Introduction. Gynecomastia is an endocrinological disorder with high prevalence and morbidity, without local epidemiological documentation that involves general practitioners for identification and individualized management by non-specialist's doctors.Objective. Identify and associate the knowledge of general practitioners surveyed with the practices performed within their daily professional practice in the event of gynecomastia. Materials and method. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach, in which after the validation of the instrument and the informed consent, it was applied in a population sample of 170 doctors during February to May 2018. Results. Boyacá department was the main point of geographic location of the interviewees, most of them active in the outpatient services and the urgencies on 1st level health care institutions, gradua-ted from private universities, with professional exercise time less than 10 years. The majority of the respondents knows concepts referred to theoretical aspects, but only to 12,9%, regarding the clinical classification.Conclusions. Non-specialist's doctors surveyed, remember the theoretical knowledge, but the di-fficulty of its practical application is visible. There is a correlation between the time of professional practice and the application of the technique of the physical examination of a case of gynecomastia, as well as the practice of some medical activities, knowledge appropriate and university of under grade studies

Introdução. A ginecomastia é um distúrbio endocrinológico com alta prevalência e morbidade, sem documentação epidemiológica local que orienta os médicos de clínica geral para identificação e manejo individualizados.Objetivo. Identificar e associar o conhecimento dos médicos clínicos gerais pesquisados, com as prá-ticas de seu exercício profissional em caso de possíveis casos de ginecomastia.Materiais e método. Estudo transversal descritivo de enfoque quantitativo, no qual, após a validação do instrumento e o consentimento informado tácito, foi aplicado a uma amostra populacional de 170 médicos no período de fevereiro a maio de 2018.Resultados. O departamento de Boyacá representou o principal ponto de localização geográfica dos entrevistados, a maioria deles ativos nos serviços ambulatoriais e de emergência das instituições de saúde de nível I, graduados de universidades particulares, com tempo de exercício profissional infe-rior a 10 anos. Um alto percentual de entrevistados acertou nas questões relacionadas aos conceitos teóricos, e apenas 12,9%, quanto à classificação clínica.Conclusões. Os médicos clínicos gerais pesquisados lembram conhecimentos teóricos, mas têm difi-culdades visíveis para sua aplicabilidade prática. Existe correlação entre o "tempo de exercício profis-sional" e a aplicação da "técnica de exame físico da mama frente a um caso de ginecomastia", bem como entre a prática de algumas atividades médicas e o acerto em diversas questões do conhecimen-to e da universidade de graduação

Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Related To Drugs among Pahang Matriculation Students in Malaysia

​Drug abuse has been a global threat not only in Malaysia but worldwide, especially among adolescents. This is alarming issue had been a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study is to access the knowledge and attitude on drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students in 2016. A cross¬-sectional study was conducted involving 217 matriculation students. A self-determined questionnaire was distributed among the students regarding knowledge and attitude about drugs. The prevalence of good knowledge on drug abuse was (82.03%). The prevalence of students’ attitude on drug abuse has higher number of good attitude with the sum of 182 (83.9 %). Only gender showed a significant association with students’ knowledge (P= 0.046). The knowledge, attitude, and practice of drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students are good.​

Metodologias participativas e educação permanente na formação de agentes comunitários/as de saúde / Participatory methodologies and permanent education in training community/health agents / Metodologías participativas y educación permanente en la formación de agentes comunitarios de salud

ResumoBusca-se neste texto refletir sobre o uso de metodologias participativas na educação permanente de agentes comunitários/as de saúde, numa discussão sobre os limites e potencialidades de tais metodologias estimularem reflexões e possíveis mudanças nas práticas cotidianas desses profissionais. Foram realizadas entrevistas e caminhadas transversais com os/as agentes, que resultaram em relatorias utilizadas como material de análise. Não seria simples mensurar o impacto que essa metodologia tem no processo de construção do pensamento reflexivo, mas a análise do potencial das metodologias participativas em atividades de formação de agentes comunitários da saúde permitiu perceber que houve empoderamento quanto aos temas abordados. Pôde-se compreender o quão significativas as metodologias se mostraram na abordagem das temáticas, especialmente nos temas ‘prevenção de doença e promoção da saúde’ e ‘violência de gênero’. Conclui-se que o fato de algo poder ser percebido com outros significados e sentidos possibilita outros modos da produção de práticas cotidianas.

AbstractThis article seeks to reflect on the use of participatory methodologies in the continuing education of community/health workers, in a discussion about the limits and possibilities of such methodologies, encouraging reflections and possible changes in these professionals’ daily practices. Transect interviews and walks were carried out with the agents, which resulted in the rapporteurs that used as material for analyses. It would be no simple task to measure the impact that this methodology has on the process of building reflective thought, but the analysis of the potential of participatory methodologies in the training activities aimed at community health workers allowed us to realize that there was empowerment with regard to the themes addressed. It was possible to understand how significant the methodologies have shown to be in addressing the issues, especially with regard to the ‘prevention of disease and promotion of health’ and to ‘gender violence.’ In sum, the fact that something can be realized with other meanings and senses allows other modes of production of daily practices.

ResumenEn este texto se busca reflexionar sobre el uso de metodologías participativas en la educación permanente de agentes comunitarios de salud, en una discusión sobre los límites y potencialidades para que tales metodologías estimulen reflexiones y posibles cambios en las prácticas cotidianas de estos profesionales. Se realizaron entrevistas y recorridos transversales con los agentes, que resultaron en relatos utilizados como material de análisis. No sería simple medir el impacto que esta metodología tiene en el proceso de construcción del pensamiento reflexivo, pero el análisis del potencial de las metodologías participativas en actividades de formación de agentes comunitarios de la salud permitió percibir que hubo un empoderamiento en cuanto a los temas abordados. Se pudo comprender cuán significativas se han mostrado las metodologías en el enfoque de las temáticas, especialmente en los temas “prevención de enfermedades y promoción de la salud” y “violencia de género”. Se concluye que el hecho de que algo pueda ser percibido con otros significados y sentidos permite otros modos de producción de prácticas cotidianas.

Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Foot Care in an In-Patient Setting at a Tertiary Medical Center

Good knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care will reduce the risk of diabetic foot complications and ultimately amputation. This study is conducted to assess patients’ knowledge and compliance of diabetic foot care. A cross sectional study performed on patients who were admitted to HSNZ from the 1st September 2013 to 30th April 2014 for diabetic foot infections. They were interviewed with a questionnaire of 15 ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions on foot care knowledge and practice. Score of 1 was given for each ‘yes’ answer. The level of knowledge and practice, whether good or poor, was determined based on the median score of each category. The result was tested using a chi-square test in SPSS version 17. A total of 157 patients were included in this study with a mean age of 56.33 years (31-77). There were 72 male (45.9%) and 85 female (54.1%) patients with the majority of them being Malays (154 patients, 98.1%). Majority of the patients (58%) had poor foot care knowledge while 97 patients (61.8%) had poor diabetic foot care practice as compared to the median score. Based on the chi square test of relatedness, there was no significant association between knowledge and practice with any of the variables. In conclusion, the majority of patients admitted for diabetic foot infections had poor knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care. Education regarding foot care strategies should be emphasized and empowered within the diabetic population.

Factors associated with the incidence of malaria in settlement areas in the district of Juruena, Mato Grosso state, Brazil / Fatores associados à incidência da malária em área de assentamento, município de Juruena, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Factors associated with the incidence of malaria in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, Juruena, Mato Grosso in 2005 were analyzed. Two hundred settlers of both genders and aged 18 years and above were interviewed. The prevalence of malaria reported in 2005 was 33%. The prevalence ratio showed that the highest prevalence of malaria was found in individuals involved in gold mining activities (67%); who came from non-endemic areas (43%); had inadequate knowledge about the time of greatest activity of the vector (71%); and who reported being outside after 5 p.m. (59%). It was concluded that in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, factors such as occupation, origin, inadequate knowledge about where malaria is transmitted, inadequate knowledge about the time the mosquito usually bites and individual practices in relation to the peak period of mosquito activity were associated with malaria in 2005.

Analisaram-se fatores associados à ocorrência da malária no Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer, Juruena - Mato Grosso em 2005. Foram entrevistados 200 indivíduos assentados, de ambos os sexos e idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A prevalência de malária referida em 2005 foi de 33,0%. A análise através da razão de prevalência mostrou que as maiores prevalências de malária foram nos indivíduos que exerciam atividade garimpeira (67,0%); procedentes de área não endêmica (43,0%); com conhecimento inadequado sobre o horário de maior atividade do vetor (71,0%) e indivíduos que referiram estar na roça após as 17:00 horas (59,0%). Concluiu-se que no Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer fatores como, ocupação, procedência, conhecimento inadequado sobre onde a malária é transmitida, horário que o mosquito costuma picar, e as atividades de cada indivíduo em relação ao horário de pico do vetor, mostraram-se associadas à malária em 2005.

Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva: constituição, contornos e estatuto científico / Food and Nutrition in Public Health: constitution, contours and scientific status

Este artigo se propõe a examinar o percurso de constituição da Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva, no contexto brasileiro, a partir de seus campos de origem, identificando tensões e confluências, buscando demarcar seus contornos e caracterizar seu estatuto no interior do campo científico. Procuramos evidenciar a existência de um movimento marcado pelo encontro profícuo entre o campo da "Saúde Coletiva" e uma parcela do campo da "Alimentação e Nutrição", ou, mais precisamente, um dos seus núcleos, protagonizado por atores orientados por saberes diferenciados dos demais núcleos nesse campo. Tais fenômenos, que postulamos como desfechos do contato dos núcleos de saberes que identificam a Saúde Coletiva com o campo da "Alimentação e Nutrição", deram origem a um núcleo específico de saberes, bem como a práxis distintas, nesse âmbito correspondendo ao que denominamos "Alimentação e Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva". Trata-se de um processo marcado, desde o início, por tensões entre os paradigmas biológico e social, configurando-se, por um lado, como um importante desafio a ser enfrentado e, por outro, como um caminho promissor para a aproximação entre distintos campos da ciência, tanto os de cunho mais prático como os dirigidos à reflexão conceitual.

This paper aims to examine the route on which Food and Nutrition in Public Health was build in the Brazilian context, from its fields of origin, identifying tensions and convergences, seeking to demarcate its boundaries and to characterize its status within the scientific field. We seek to evince the existence of a movement marked by the fruitful encounter between the field of "Public Health" and a portion of the field of "Food and Nutrition", or more precisely, one of their cores, starring actors oriented by knowledge distinguished from other nuclei in this field. Such phenomena, that we postulate as outcomes of the contact nuclei of knowledge that identify the Public Health with the field of "Food and Nutrition", led to a specific core of distinct knowledge and praxis in this context corresponds to what we call "Food and Nutrition in Public Health". This is a process marked from the outset by tensions between the biological and social paradigms, becoming the one hand, as a major challenge to be faced, and secondly, as a promising way for the approach between different fields of science, both the more practical, such as those targeted to conceptual reflection.

Conocimiento de las mujeres trabajadoras premenopáusicas sobre factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas para osteoporosis / Knowledge about risk factors and preventive measurements for osteoporosis from working women in pre-menopause

Introducción: La osteoporosis como un problema de salud pública es una enfermedad crónica degenerativa y detectable. En los Estados Unidos afecta a 25 millones de habitantes, de los cuales 40% son mujeres. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo y medidas de prevención que tienen las mujeres que empiezan a perder masa ósea a un ritmo mayor del normal. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, en 113 mujeres premenopáusicas entre 45 y 54 años de edad, trabajadoras de una institución de salud en Tampico Tamaulipas, a las que se aplicó el instrumento que midió el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas para osteoporosis. Resultados: Se encontró que la población de estudio presentó un nivel de conocimiento alto sobre la enfermedad, los factores de riesgo y las medidas preventivas de osteoporosis. La escolaridad de las universitarias y la categoría laboral de enfermera general, licenciada en enfermería, enfermera especialista y auxiliar de enfermería, fueron factores que se asociaron al nivel de conocimiento. Conclusiones: Estudiar relaciones entre la presencia de algunos factores de riesgo en las mujeres premenopáusicas con nivel de conocimientos de osteoporosis alto.

Introduction: Osteoporosis as a public health problem is a chronic, and degenerative, but detectable illness. In the United States it affects to 25 millions of people, from which 40% are women. Objective: To identify the knowledge about risk factors and preventable measurements from women who are just getting started to lose bone mass in a faster rhythm than the normal. Methodology: Descriptive study done in 113 women in pre-menopause between 45 and 54 years old, working in a health institution in Tampico, Tamaulipas; to whom a survey was applied to measure their knowledge about the disease, risk factors, and preventable measurements for osteoporosis. Results: It was found that the studied population showed a high level of knowledge about the disease, risk factors, and preventable measurements for osteoporosis. University degree and labor position of professional nurse, bachelor nurse, specialist nurse, and nurse assistant, were factors associated to the level of knowledge. Conclusions: To study relationships between the presence of some risk factors from women in pre-menopause with a high level of knowledge about osteoporosis.

Effects of Education on Knowledge and Practice of Caregivers of the Stroke Patient / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of stroke patient care education on the knowledge and practice of caregivers of stroke patients. METHOD: Data was collected from December 15, 2004 to March 30, 2005. The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were forty primary caregivers of stroke patients who were hospitalized in a neurology unit of a university hospital. Forty caregivers, twenty in the experimental group and twenty in the control group were assigned. The experimental group participated 2 times in an education class given by the researcher. Data analysis included -test, and t-test using the SPSS program. RESULT: Knowledge(t=5..87, p=o.oo) and practice(t=5.53, p=0.00) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group. CONCLUSION: The stroke patient care education developed in this studyshows a significant promotion of knowledge and practice of caregivers. Thus this program can be recommanded as an intervention model for stroke patients and caregivers.