Current situation and analysis of radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy equipment resources in Suzhou, China, 2020 / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To comprehensively analyze and understand the status of medical resources of radiological diagnosis and treatment in Suzhou, China, and to provide a basis for the health administration departments to reasonably plan and allocate medical radiation resources. Methods The radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions were registered on the radiation health information platform of Jiangsu province, and information was entered as required. Results There were totally 793 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions at all levels in Suzhou, including 22 (6.04%) tertiary institutions. There were 2208 radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment. The number of X-ray diagnosis and treatment equipment per million people in Suzhou was 205.40. However, there was no class A large-scale medical equipment. Conclusion Compared with 2005, the numbers of radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions and equipment in Suzhou increased significantly. However, government departments at all levels should strengthen overall regulation and control to improve the rational allocation of high-tech medical resources.

Analysis of thrombus risk factors for routine blood test indicators in outpatients during the large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak period / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection on the risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 outpatient patients with mild and regular symptoms. Methods Outpatient patients during the SARS-CoV-2 large-scale infection period after the policy adjustment for COVID-19 in Beijing in 2022 were selected as the observation group, and the dynamic zero-clearing period before the policy adjustment and outpatient patients during the 2022/2021/2020 period were taken as the three control groups. The patients with physiological factors that may increase the risk of coagulation, such as thrombotic diseases, malignant tumors, female pregnancy and other physiological factors, were excluded. Pediatric patients under 14 years old were also excluded. Age was expressed as median (interquartile). The changes in blood routine, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and D-Dimer in Beijing outpatient patients were studied with statistical method and data analysis techniques. Results Compared with the control groups, the observation group showed a statistically significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) levels, and an increase in monocytes (MONO) and platelet (PLT) counts, all showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001). The proportion of fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and D-Dimer of observation group exceeding the range increased significantly. Compared with the three control groups, the number of outpatient fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in the observation group of patients aged 50 years and verage number of patients under 50 years old in the observation group with D-Dimer exceeding the threshold increased by more than 48.98%, and the monthly average number of patients with D-Dimer exceeding the threshold in patients aged 50 or older increased by 346%-998%. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that outpatient patients with mild or regular SARS-CoV-2 infection are also at risk for thrombotic events, and monitoring blood coagulation indicators such as D-dimer is recommended to avoid the sudden onset of thrombosis-related fatal complications .

Exploration and practice of opening and sharing capabilities of large-scale instrument technological service platforms in universities / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to allow the large instruments to play the greatest role in scientific research management and technology coverage.Methods:Texts review of the opening and sharing of large-scale instrument platforms of domestic and foreign universities and scientific research institutions was conducted, combined with the experience of more than 10-year operation of the technology platform of State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs of Peking University.Results:There are particular problems in the opening and sharing of large-scale instrument technology service platforms at this stage. Through building the hierarchical management of large instruments and equipment, building an efficient and flexible shared management information system, introducing high-level instrument management and high-level talents, and strengthening the security management of the shared platform, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs of Peking University realized the opening and sharing of large-scale instrument technology service platforms. We consider that the current large-scale instrument technology service platforms of universities and research institutes are necessary and feasible to be shared. It is greatly significant to improve the utilization rate of scientific research instruments and to innovate to the ability of the whole society.Conclusions:At this stage, efficient management, system capabilities, and team building can effectively promote the opening and sharing of large-scale instrument technology service platforms.

Study on large-scale resting-state functional networks in first-episode untreated adult patients with major depressive disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of large-scale brain network research based on independent component analysis (ICA) in discovering the changes of intrinsic functional connections within and between resting-state networks (RSNs) in first-episode untreated adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2021, twenty-three patients with MDD (MDD group) and 30 healthy volunteers (HC group) matched with gender, age and years of education were selected. All participants underwent resting-state brain function imaging (rs-fMRI), and the MDD group completed the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17). The independent component analysis (ICA) method was used to analyze rs-fMRI data, and meaningful RSNs were obtained. SPM12 and Gift softwares were used to compare the strength of intrinsic functional connection within and between the RSNs of the MDD group and HC group, and the Pearson correlation analysis was conducted by IBM SPSS statistics 25.0 to evaluate the correlation between the functional connection strength and HAMD-17 scores in MDD group.Results:Compared with the HC group, intrinsic functional connection strength of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (MNI: x, y, z=-6, 54, 25)in MDD group was significantly enhanced, while the intrinsic functional connection strength of the left angular gyrus (AG) (MNI: x, y, z=-48, -66, 21), the left precuneus (PCu) (MNI: x, y, z=-6, -63, 33), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (MNI: x, y, z=-36, 12, 51)and the right anterior insula (AI) (MNI: x, y, z=36, 21, 0)were significantly weakened. Compared with the HC group, functional connection strength between posterior default mode net work(pDMN) and anterior default mode network(aDMN) in MDD group was significantly weakened ( t=-2.206, P=0.032), and function connection strength between pDMN and left frontal parietal network(lFPN) was significantly strengthened ( t=2.318, P=0.025). In MDD group, intrinsic functional connection strength of mPFC and the functional connection strength of pDMN-lFPN were positively correlated with the HAMD-17 score ( r=0.524, P=0.010; r=0.441, P=0.035). Conclusion:Large-scale brain network study based on the ICA can find abnormal functional connections within and between RSNs in first-episode untreated adult patients with MDD, and provide objective imaging markers for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MDD.

Current situation and sharing mode of large-scale scientific instruments in specialized laboratories of general hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Explore the open sharing mode of large-scale scientific instruments in specialized laboratories, consider how to effectively improve the use efficiency of instruments.Methods:Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the management of large scientific instruments in specialized laboratories of a general hospital, the open sharing platform of specialized laboratory instruments was constructed with the help of laboratory information management system, and relevant management suggestions and thoughts were put forward.Results:Depending on the system design, specialized laboratories can use the instrument sharing platform to implement the " special management sharing" of large scientific instruments and improve the efficiency of instrument use.Conclusions:The construction of large scientific research instrument sharing platform for specialized laboratories in general hospitals is an effective means to solve the instrument management problems in specialized laboratories at present, but to give full play to the effect, it is necessary to constantly improve the platform system construction and technical personnel training.

Exploration and practice of talent team construction of large instrument technology platform / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to study the necessity of introducing PhD students into the large-scale instrument platform and how to make them play a better role in work through management.Methods:The status of technicians in large-scale instrument and equipment platforms of domestic and foreign universities and scientific research institutions were investigated; combined with the experience of more than 10 years of operation of the technology platform of State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs of Peking University, the analysis was carried out.Results:In recent years, the large-scale instrument platforms of major universities and scientific research institutions have strengthened the introduction of high-level talents and the construction of the team. Maintain the stability of the instrument service staff through management measures such as rank promotion and salary enhancement.Conclusions:High-precision instruments are the foundation of the instrument technology platform, and well-educated talents are the core of the instrument technology platform. Only when more PhD students join the technology platform, can the high-precision instruments and equipment exert their maximum functions and promote scientific research.

Comparing the predictive power of the CART and CTREE algorithms / Comparando o poder preditivo dos Algoritmos CART e CTREE / Comparando el poder predictivo de los algoritmos CART y CTREE

The CART algorithm has been extensively applied in predictive studies, however, researchers argue that CART produces variable selection bias. This bias is reflected in the preference of CART in selecting predictors with large numbers of cutpoints. Considering this problem, this article compares the CART algorithm to an unbiased algorithm (CTREE), in relation to their predictive power. Both algorithms were applied to the 2011 National Exam of High School Education, which includes many categorical predictors with a large number of categories, which could produce a variable selection bias. A CTREE tree and a CART tree were generated, both with 16 leaves, from a predictive model with 53 predictors and the students' writing essay achievement as the outcome. The CART algorithm yielded a tree with a better outcome prediction. This result suggests that for large data sets, called big data, the CART algorithm might give better results than the CTREE algorithm.(AU)

O algoritmo CART tem sido aplicado de forma extensiva em estudos preditivos. Porém, pesquisadores argumentam que o CART apresenta sério viés seletivo. Esse viés aparece na preferência do CART pelos preditores com grande número de categorias. Este artigo considera esse problema e compara os algoritmos CART e CTREE, este considerado não enviesado, tomando como resultado seu poder preditivo. Os algoritmos foram aplicados no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio de 2011, no qual estão incluídos vários preditores nominais e ordinais com muitas categorias, o que pode produzir um viés seletivo. Foram geradas uma árvore do CTREE e outra do CART, ambas com 16 folhas, provenientes de um modelo com 53 variáveis preditoras e a nota da redação, como desfecho. A árvore do algoritmo CART apresentou uma melhor predição. Para grandes bancos de dados, possivelmente o algoritmo CART é mais indicado do que o algoritmo CTREE.(AU)

El algoritmo CART es ampliamente utilizado en análisis predictivos. Sin embargo, los investigadores argumentan que el CART presenta un fuerte sesgo de selección. Este sesgo se refleja en el CART en la preferencia de seleccionar predictores con elevado número de categorías. Teniendo en cuenta este problema, el presente artículo compara el algoritmo CART y un algoritmo imparcial (CTREE) con relación a su poder predictivo. Ambos algoritmos se aplicaron en el Examen Nacional de la Enseñanza Secundaria de 2011, incluyendo predictores nominales y ordinales con diversas categorías, un escenario susceptible de producir el sesgo de selección de variables mencionado. Fueron generados un árbol CTREE y un árbol CART, ambos con 16 hojas, provenientes de un modelo predictivo con 53 variables y la nota del comentario de texto. El árbol del algoritmo CART presentó mejor predicción. Para grandes bases de datos el algoritmo CART puede proporcionar mejores resultados que el CTREE.(AU)

Educational evaluation device of ceará: the (in)visibility of students with disabilities / Dispositif dévaluation de léducation au ceará : l(in)visibilité des étudiants en situation de handicap / Dispositivo de evaluación educativa de ceará: la (in) visibilidad de estudiantes discapacitados / Dispositivo de avaliação educacional do ceará: a (in)visibilidade dos estudantes deficientes

Abstract This article deals with the paradox of school inclusion in the basic education evaluation policy of the state of Ceará, a federative unit that stands out among the state education systems of the country in terms of proficiency indicators in basic education, although there is within its system a normative device that deduces from the evaluation calculation the performance of students with disabilities, generating a state of "internal exclusion" to the school system. Based on the debate about evaluation policies as a mechanism of educational management in the national context and on the observation of studies that point to the exclusionary trend of large-scale evaluation in relation to inclusive education, a law provision is addressed that promotes the exclusion of special education from the results of the evaluations of the Permanent Evaluation System of Ceará Basic Education [Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará] (Spaece).

Résumé Cet article traite du paradoxe de l'inclusion scolaire dans la politique d'évaluation de l'éducation de base dans l'état du Ceará, au Brésil. Le système d'éducation de cet état se distingue de ceux des autres états du pays par les indicateurs de compétence qu'on y utilise dans l'enseignement primaire, bien qu'il y ait un dispositif normatif déduisant la performance des élèves handicapés du calcul de l'évaluation, provoquant ainsi un état d'"exclusion interne" du système scolaire. À partir du débat sur les politiques d'évaluation comme mécanisme de gestion de l'éducation au Brésil et de recherches reflétant une tendance à l'exclusion des évaluations à grande échelle allant à l'encontre d'une éducation inclusive, ce travail aborde un dispositif de loi favorisant l'exclusion de l'éducation spécialisée des résultats issus des évaluations du Système d'Évaluation Permanente de l'Éducation de Base du Ceará [Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará] (Spaece).

Resumen Este artículo aborda la paradoja de la inclusión escolar en la política de evaluación de la educación básica en el estado de Ceará, una unidad federativa que se destaca entre los sistemas educativos del estado en el país en términos de indicadores de competencia en educación primaria, aunque no exista dentro de su sistema un dispositivo normativo que deduzca del cálculo de la evaluación, el rendimiento de los estudiantes discapacitados, generando un estado de "exclusión interna" al sistema escolar. A partir del debate sobre las políticas de evaluación como mecanismo de gestión educativa en el contexto nacional y la observación de estudios que apuntan a la tendencia excluyente de la evaluación a gran escala en relación con la educación inclusiva, se aborda un dispositivo legal que promueve la exclusión de la educación especial de los resultados procedentes de las evaluaciones del Sistema de Permanente de Evaluación de Educación Básica de Ceará (Spaece).

Resumo Este artigo trata do paradoxo da inclusão escolar na política de avaliação da educação básica do estado do Ceará, unidade federativa que se destaca entre os sistemas estaduais de ensino do país em termos de indicadores de proficiência no ensino fundamental, embora haja no interior de seu sistema um dispositivo normativo que deduz do cálculo da avaliação o desempenho dos estudantes deficientes, gerando um estado de "exclusão interna" ao sistema escolar. A partir do debate acerca das políticas de avaliação como mecanismo de gestão educacional no contexto nacional e da observação de estudos que apontam a tendência excludente da avaliação em larga escala em relação à educação inclusiva, aborda-se um dispositivo de lei que promove a exclusão da educação especial dos resultados provenientes das avaliações do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (Spaece).

Academic Exchange at WFAS Turkey 2019 and Review of RCTs Conducted in China / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The WFAS Annual Conference 2019 was held between November 14th and 17th at Kaya Palazzo Hotel, Antalya, Turkey. The WFAS executive committee was convened on the 14th. In the EC (Executive Committee) meeting, the JSAM proposed inclusion of the Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) in the WFAS Code of Ethics. Other issues discussed in the EC meeting included approval of the special consultative status by the the United Nations ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) and preparation of the next WFAS symposium in the Netherlands in 2020. Individual presentations and other exhibitions in the symposium are also introduced in the present report. In addition, recent large-scale RCTs of acupuncture conducted in China were reviewed.

Reform of experimental course of large-scale life science equipment in universities / 生物工程学报

The opening and sharing of large-scale life science equipment in universities is expanding. We must find ways to improve the role of large-scale equipment in cultivating students' practical and innovative abilities, to tap the potential of equipment, then to support scientific research and speed up scientific research output. We established a set of large-scale equipment training and practice teaching system including 15 topics and covering a wide range of technologies. In practice, we constantly innovated personalized courses. According to the differences of students' major and scientific research needs, we classified teaching content and set up parallel classes. Each class had the individualized teaching content and students could select from a menu of courses. In addition, we built up a cloud classroom teaching platform, online and offline teaching method supplemented each other. The teaching system have produced certain effect.

Avaliação de larga escala e da aprendizagem na escola: um diálogo necessário / Large-scale assessment classroom and school: a necessary dialogue / Evaluación en larga escala y del aprendizaje en la escuela: un debate necesario

O artigo apresenta e discute o debate teórico acerca das aproximações e afastamentos das avaliações de larga escala e da aprendizagem na escola. Parte-se do pressuposto que a avaliação voltada aos processos educativos deve considerar as diferentes perspectivas que cada uma dessas dimensões avaliativas envolve. O texto assinala a importância da avaliação de larga escala como possibilidade de diagnóstico educacional, de orientação de políticas públicas e indica também que a avaliação da aprendizagem, no contexto da sala de aula, pode apresentar análises mais profundas e mais consequentes para as práticas pedagógicas. No entanto, as autoras, indicando as diferentes lógicas que cada uma dessas avaliações envolve, procuram afirmar a importância de se considerar metodologias, procedimentos diferenciados em sala de aula e não uma repetição das avaliações de larga escala, como usualmente vem acontecendo em nossas escolas. Partindo de uma perspectiva histórica dos modelos de avaliação educacional o texto debate as dimensões avaliativas e discute a importância de a escola promover um diálogo entre elas e não reduzir a avaliação da aprendizagem, no contexto da sala de aula, ao uso dos procedimentos e instrumentos da avaliação de larga escala.

The article presents and discusses the theoretical debate about the approaches and distancing of the large-scale and assessment of learning. It's assumed that the assessment focused on the educational processes must consider the different perspectives that each one of these evaluative dimensions involves. The text highlights the importance of large-scale assessment as a possibility of educational diagnosis and orientation of public policies, and also indicates that the evaluation of learning in the context of the classroom can present deeper and more consistent analyzes for pedagogical practices. However, the authors, indicating the different logics that each one of these evaluations must involve affirm the importance to consider methodologies, differentiated procedures in classroom and not a repetition of large-scale assessment, like it usually happens in our schools. From a historical perspective of the educational assessment models, the text debates the evaluative dimensions and discusses the importance of the school to promote a dialogue among them and not to reduce the learning assessment to the usage of the large-scale assessment procedures and instruments.

El artículo presenta y discute el debate teórico acerca de las aproximaciones y alejamientos de las evaluaciones de larga escala, de la escuela y aprendizaje. Se supone que la evaluación que busca a los procesos educativos debe considerar a las diferentes perspectivas que cada una de estas dimensiones envuelve. El texto señala la importancia de la evaluación de larga escala como posibilidad de diagnóstico educacional y de orientación de políticas públicas, e indica también que la evaluación del aprendizaje, en el contexto del aula, puede presentar análisis más profundas y más consecuentes para las prácticas pedagógicas. No obstante, las autoras indicando las diferentes lógicas que cada una de estas evaluaciones envuelve, buscan afirmar la importancia de considerar a metodologías, procedimientos diferenciados en aula de clase y no una repetición de las evaluaciones de larga escala, como generalmente ocurre en nuestras escuelas. Partiendo de una perspectiva histórica de los modelos de evaluación educacional, el texto debate las dimensiones evaluativas y discute la importancia de la escuela promover un dialogo entre ellas y no reducir la evaluación de aprendizaje en el contexto del aula, al uso de los procedimientos e instrumentos de la evaluación a gran escala.

Construction of emergency medical service system based on 5G communication technology for large-scale social activities / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To develop medical emergency support information system for large-scale social activities based on 5G communication technology to improve efficiency of emergency medical services.@*Methods@#The project was completed in Hangzhou, China, from March 2016 to September 2019. Based on the medical service of large social activities, five information terminals are constructed, including on-site mobile terminal, on-board first aid terminal, expert remote consultation terminal, hospital terminal, and command dispatch center. The system can realize the real-time communication of medical information, patient's vital signs, audio, picture and video information, and can also make intelligent scheduling decisions for patients.@*Results@#5G Emergency Medical information System for Large-scale Social Activities has been completed, which consists of three parts: command and control platform, on-site rescue platform, and evacuation support platform. The command and monitoring platform displays the information of on-site medical teams, ambulances, hospitals and experts through web pages, and realizes multi-party video communication at any time, as well as text, voice and image information of patients' current condition, so as to realize command, dispatch and display statistical summary information. On-site rescue terminal includes patient information input, video signal acquisition and physiological information acquisition equipment. It realizes multiple methods of patient information input, vital signs and physiological information acquisition, multi-angle video acquisition and transmission to the command center. The evacuation support platform includes vehicle emergency terminal, remote expert consultation terminal, hospital terminal and UAV system. Vehicle terminal can scan and transfer with on-site ambulance team, record physiological information during transit, and also acquire and transmit monitor, electrocardiogram and ultrasound information. Hospital terminals can obtain patient information at the first time and prepare for first-aid in hospital. The remote expert terminal can be dispatched by the command center and the hospital terminal, and can join the remote consultation at any time. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can transfer medical material between any locations.@*Conclusions@#This system can guarantee the patients to be transported from the scene to the ambulance and finally to the hospital during the large-scale social activities. In the whole process, the information transmission and dispatching decision-making are initially realized, and the statistical report forms can be made. However, to fully exert its advantages, it still needs the support of the complete 5G network and continuous optimization in real scenarios.

Construction of emergency medical service system based on 5G communication technology for large-scale social activities / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To develop medical emergency support information system for large-scale social activities based on 5G communication technology to improve efficiency of emergency medical services.Methods The project was completed in Hangzhou,China,from March 2016 to September 2019.Based on the medical service of large social activities,five information terminals are constructed,including on-site mobile terminal,on-board first aid terminal,expert remote consultation terminal,hospital terminal,and command dispatch center.The system can realize the real-time communication of medical information,patient's vital signs,audio,picture and video information,and can also make intelligent scheduling decisions for patients.Results 5G Emergency Medical information System for Large-scale Social Activities has been completed,which consists of three parts:command and control platform,onsite rescue platform,and evacuation support platform.The command and monitoring platform displays the information of on-site medical teams,ambulances,hospitals and experts through web pages,and realizes multi-party video communication at any time,as well as text,voice and image information of patients' current condition,so as to realize command,dispatch and display statistical summary information.On-site rescue terminal includes patient information input,video signal acquisition and physiological information acquisition equipment.It realizes multiple methods of patient information input,vital signs and physiological information acquisition,multi-angle video acquisition and transmission to the command center.The evacuation support platform includes vehicle emergency terminal,remote expert consultation terminal,hospital terminal and UAV system.Vehicle terminal can scan and transfer with on-site ambulance team,record physiological information during transit,and also acquire and transmit monitor,electrocardiogram and ultrasound information.Hospital terminals can obtain patient information at the first time and prepare for first-aid in hospital.The remote expert terminal can be dispatched by the command center and the hospital terminal,and can join the remote consultation at any time.Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can transfer medical material between any locations.Conclusions This system can guarantee the patients to be transported from the scene to the ambulance and finally to the hospital during the large-scale social activities.In the whole process,the information transmission and dispatching decision-making are initially realized,and the statistical report forms can be made.However,to fully exert its advantages,it still needs the support of the complete 5G network and continuous optimization in real scenarios.

Pilot-scale preparation of clinical-grade third generation lentivirus / 生物工程学报

Gene therapy is a rapidly developing field. The most widely used technique for foreign gene transfer is lentiviral-mediated gene therapy. Lentiviral vector has been developed from the first generation to the third generation in terms of safety. The preparation of lentiviruses with high titer remains difficult. In this study, a Fibra-Cel sheet carrier was used as an HEK293T cell carrier matrix, and several sterile cell culture spinners were combined and cultured on a roller bottle machine to scale up the adherent cells. The virus titer was maximized by screening the factors to optimize the lentivirus titer in the third-generation lentivirus packaging process one by one. Fibra-Cel sheet vector was successfully used as the matrix of HEK293T cell adhesion to culture adherent cells at large scale. The optimal conditions for large-scale preparation of the third-generation lentivirus by bottle roller were screened and three batches of lentiviruses were produced on pilot scale. The production time of lentivirus was shortened from 120 hours to 54 hours from plasmid transfection to virus collection; in terms of cost, a rolling bottle machine was used instead of a bioreactor, leading to lower cost and no need for repeated sterilization during the whole process. The safe, effective and low-cost operation of successful production will provide a technical base for the large-scale preparation of lentivirus and thus lay a firm foundation for its clinical application.

Mapping self-report questionnaires for socio-emotional characteristics: What do they measure? / Mapeando instrumentos de autorrelato de competências socioemocionais: o que eles medem?

Whereas the structure of individual differences in many social and emotional attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. The main goals of this research were to specify the major content domains that are assessed across multiple socioemotional instruments (self-esteem, grit, self-efficacy, strengths and difficulties, Big Five) in research in the United States and Europe, to test them in a less developed context with considerable educational challenges (Brazilian schools). We selected the five most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level in a large sample of Brazilian school students (N = 3,023). The extracted factors to capture the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments closely resembled the Big Five personality dimensions. We discuss the contribution of our findings to the assessment of socio-emotional skills in education research, as well as limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future research.

Enquanto a estrutura das diferenças individuais em muitos atributos sociais e emocionais está bem estabelecida em adultos, consideravelmente menos estudos foram conduzidos em crianças e adolescentes. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram especificar os principais domínios de conteúdo de múltiplos instrumentos socioemocionais (autoestima, garra, autoeficácia, forças e dificuldades e os cinco grandes fatores) usados em pesquisas nos Estados unidos da América e na Europa, e testá-los em um contexto muito menos desenvolvido e com consideráveis desafios educacionais, a saber, escolas brasileiras. Foram eleitos os cinco principais instrumentos socioemocionais utilizados internacionalmente, sendo investigada a sua estrutura fatorial em uma grande amostra de estudantes escolares (N = 3,023). Os fatores extraídos para representar os domínios socioemocionais dos instrumentos testados se mostraram bastante coerentes com as dimensões do modelo dos cinco grandes fatores. Discutem-se as contribuições do estudo na avaliação de competências socioemocionais na pesquisa educacional, bem como as limitações do estudo e sugestões para futuras investigações.

Cost Effective Pilot-scale Ajmalicine Production by Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Cultures in a 100 Lit Bioreactor

Aims: The cosmic production of biomass and bioactive compounds at pilot scale with minimum production costs is an important task to achieve feasible production process of corresponding secondary metabolites at a commercial level. Materials and Methods: The cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (9.05 µM), kinetin (4.52 µM) were scaled up in a pilot plant bioreactor (100 lit). The cost of production was reduced by addition of substitute carbon source in a basal medium which hardly costs 30% in the medium. Preliminary studies were performed in the 7-lit bioreactor. A 100 lit stainless steel bioreactor equipped with helical impeller top mounted was used for scale-up of C. roseus suspension cultures and ajmalicine production. Results: The culture medium reduced the cost by 36% by addition of commercial grade sugar whereas medium consist of tissue culture grade sucrose costs 53 USD per 100 lit. The suspension cultures were cultivated in a 100 lit bioreactor containing MS medium fortified with cost-effective carbon source produced ajmalicine 73.18 mg/l DW and achieved 36 kg of fresh biomass on day 20. Conclusion: The results of the present finding demonstrated the feasible and cost-effective production process of ajmalicine at pilot scale.

18REST: a short RIASEC-interest measure for large-scale educational and vocational assessment

Abstract The construction of the 18REST, a short 18-item inventory to describe students' position on John Holland's RIASEC interest types, is documented. The instrument is meant to be used in large-scale assessment in education and on the labor market, supplementing information on school achievement and social-emotional skills. This research was carried out in Brazil, initially with two independent samples composed by adolescents and adults. The 18REST's psychometric properties are compared to those of the more extended RIASEC item pool and confirmed in a new independent undergraduate sample. Despite differences between genders were found as expected, invariance measurement across gender was indicated. Different ways to use the 18REST in large-scale assessment are discussed.

Analysis on management policies for configuration and utilization of large-scale medical facilities / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the regional management policies for the configuration and utilization of medical facilities before the issuing of Regulations for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices in May 2017, so as to provide reference for relevant policy-making in the future. Methods Regional policies in 15 provincial-level administrative regions such as Zhejiang, Shanghai and Hunan were collected and analyses were conducted on regulations of the configuration management, application and discard of large-scale medical facilities. Results While regional policies played a crucial role in the configuration and administration of medical facilities, problems still existed, and proposals were made on future policy-making accordingly. Conclusion Policies for the configuration and administration of medical facilities require to be improved.

Unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing: the neural switch

It has been reported that cross-frequency interactions may play an important role in local processing within thalamus and neocortex, as well as information transfer between subcortical and cortico-cortical brain regions. Strong commonalities in rhythmic network properties have been observed across recording techniques and task demands, but strong neuroscientific theories to situate such observations within a unified framework with direct relevance to explain neuropathologies remain scarce. Based on a comprehensive review of animal and human literature, we probe and introduce a neurophysiological framework to explain how coordinated cross-frequency and interregional oscillatory cortical dynamics underlie typical and atypical brain activation, and the formation of distributed functional ensembles supporting cortical networks underpinning perception and cognition. We propose that local regional activation by an external stimulus via a sensory pathway entails (1) attenuated alpha (8–14 Hz) and increased theta (4–8 Hz) and gamma (30–50 Hz) oscillatory activity, and (2) increased interactions among theta and gamma rhythms. These local dynamics also mediate the integration of activated neural populations into largescale functional assemblies through neuronal synchronization. This comprehensive perspective into the animal and human literature indicates a further thinking beyond synchrony and connectivity and the readiness for more hypothesis-driven research and modeling toward unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing. We further introduced such a possible framework: “The ATG switch”. We also discussed evidence that alpha-theta-gamma dynamics emerging from thalamocortical interactions may be implicated and disrupted in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Access management strategy of large medical equipment based on the government function reform and market development effect / 中国卫生政策研究

Based on the relationship between government and market,this paper analyzed the development process of large medical equipment configuration management strategy,and forecasted the trend of management.It is found that the development process of large equipment management in China can be divided into four stages:sprouting stage,management window period,growth stage,and transition period.The management model of the four stages,respectively,are integrated management,market-oriented management,quantitative control-based comprehensive supervision,and legal supervision.As per the analysis of this work,it was found that the sprouting of the regulation of industry standards,training professionals,management efficiency are low;market-oriented led to rapid growth in the number of equipment,with a low configuration efficiency;growth period of the number of regulatory norms of the market and equipment is reasonable to use;and the legal supervision in transition is taking shape.Currently,the lack of rational allocation of large-scale equipment in the hospitals is the main factor leading to market failure.In the legal framework,the government intervention with configuration permits is the major large-scale equipment configuration management model in the future.