A review on the accuracy assessment methods of 3-dimensional digital dental models

The aim of this article was to review various methods used to evaluate the accuracy of digital dental models. When evaluating the accuracy of digital models, the errors can be reduced by educating examiners and using artificial landmarks. The accuracy evaluation methods of digital dental models are divided into linear measurement, 2-dimensional cross-sectional analysis, and 3-dimensional best fit measurement. As the technology of scanners develops, many studies have been conducted to compare the accuracy of digital impression and conventional impression. According to improvement of scan technologies and development of 3-dimensional model analysis software, the ability to evaluate the accuracy of digital models is becoming more efficient. In this article, we describe the methods for evaluating the accuracy of a digital model and investigate effective accuracy analysis methods for each situation.

Estimation Of The Cranial Capacity In Dry Human Skull Bones

Introduction: Cranial capacity is a measure of the volume of the interior of the skull of those vertebrates whohave both a skull and a brain. Cranial capacity is used as a rough indicator of the size of brain. Cranialcapacities like several bodily dimensions are affected by environmental, ecological, biological, geographical,racial, gender and age factors. Aim: The aim of the study is to measure and calculate cranial capacity by direct and calculated methods andto classify the skull under different subtypes.Materials and Methods: The study will constitute 100 dried human skull bones belonging to both sexes in theDepartment of Anatomy, Rajarajeswari medical college, Bengaluru.Results: The average cranial capacity by using direct method is 1275.33cc ± 124.68cc in male skulls and 1213cc± 138.66cc in female skulls and by calculated method is 1344.10cc ± 106.62 cc in male skulls and 1276.26cc ±68.72cc in female skulls respectively.Conclusion: The mean cranial capacities of male skulls were higher than that of female skulls that tends to agreewith similar studies conducted earlier. Thus, the cranial capacity of the male skulls is 5-15% higher than thefemale skulls

Morphostructural characteristics of three varieties of greybreasted helmeted Guinea fowl in Nigeria / Características morfoestructurales de tres variedades de gallineta de Guinea Pechigris en Nigeria

Three hundred eggs were obtained from settlements around New Bussa, Niger state during the month of August 2006 and transported to Ekiti state by road. 93.33 percent of the three hundred (300) eggs collected were selected for hatching. The eggs were hatched at the aviary unitof Ekiti state Agricultural Development Project, Ikole Ekiti, Nigeria. At hatching the keets were separated on the basis of their plumage colours as shown by the distinct difference in the colour of the downy feathers of the keets into three genotypes, pearl, ash and black. The keets of each genotype were randomly allocated to brooder rooms where they were floor brooded using kerosene stove. The keets were fed with diet containing 24 percent CP, 3000 kcal/kg ME and water ad libitum for the first 8 weeks at the brooder house and fed diets containing 18 percent CP, 2850 kcal/kg ME and water ad libitum for the last phase of the experiment. Measurements were taken every fourteen (14) days on body weight and body linear measurements on shank length, drumstick length, keel length, body girth, body length and wing length. The results showed that the birds demonstrated low body weights and small body size in all the parameters examined.

Trescientos huevos fueron obtenidos de los asentamientos alrededor de Nueva Bussa, estado de Níger durante el mes de agosto de 2006 y transportados por carretera al estado de Ekiti. El 93,33 por ciento de los 300 huevos recolectados fueron seleccionados para su incubación. Los huevos fueron incubados en la unidad de pajarera de estado de Ekiti Proyecto de Desarrollo Agrícola, Ikole Ekiti, Nigeria. En la eclosión, los polluelos fueron separados sobre la base del color de su plumaje, como lo demuestra la clara diferencia en el color de las plumas suaves del polluelo en tres genotipos, perla, ceniza y negro. El polluelo de cada genotipo fue asignado aleatoriamente a habitaciones de crianza donde se calentaba el piso utilizándose una estufa de querosén. Los polluelos fueron alimentados con una dieta que contuvo 24 por ciento PC, 3000 kcal / kg ME y agua ad libitum, durante las primeras 8 semanas, en la unidad criadora y alimentados con dietas que contenían 18 por ciento PC, 2850 kcal / kg ME y agua ad libitum para la última fase del experimento. Las medidas fueron tomadas cada 14 días, éstas fueron: peso corporal y medidas lineales del cuerpo, longitud de la pierna, longitud de la quilla, circunferencia del cuerpo, longitud del cuerpo y longitud del ala. Los resultados evidenciaron que las aves presentaban bajo peso corporal y pequeño tamaño corporal en todos los parámetros examinados.