Non-Fibrosing Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia: presentation of a case / Neumonía lipoidea exógena no fibrosante: a propósito de un caso

ABSTRACT Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is an unusual disease, with an incidence of 1 to 2.5%, caused by aspiration and accumulation of exogenous lipids in the pulmonary alveoli. When the aspirated agent has an oily composition, a pulmonary inflammatory reaction called lipoid pneumonia is triggered, which over time can lead to irreversible parenchymal fibrosis. Sometimes it can appear as nodular lesions that require a broad differential diagnosis, in which case imaging studies have a fundamental role. Histopathological confirmation is required for definitive diagnosis1. We present a clinical case of lipoid pneumonia which appeared as a lung mass accompanied by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.

RESUMEN La neumonía lipoidea exógena (NLE) es una patología inusual, que tiene una incidencia del 1% al 2,5%, y tiene su causa en la aspiración y la acumulación de lípidos de origen exógeno dentro de los alvéolos pulmonares. Cuando el agente aspirado es de composición oleosa, se desencadena una reacción inflamatoria pulmonar denominada neumonía lipoidea, que con el tiempo puede conducir a una fibrosis parenquimatosa irreversible. En ocasiones, se puede presentar en forma de lesiones nodulares, que obligan a un amplio diagnóstico diferencial, en el que desempeñan un papel fundamental los estudios por imágenes. Para el diagnóstico definitivo, se requiere confirmación histopatológica1. Presentamos un caso clínico de neumonía lipoidea que se presentó como masa pulmonar acompañada de infiltrados pulmonares bilaterales.

Neumonía lipoidea exógena no fibrosante: a propósito de un caso / Non-Fibrosing Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia: presentation of a case

La neumonía lipoidea exógena (NLE) es una patología inusual, que tiene una incidencia del 1% al 2,5%, y tiene su causa en la aspiración y la acumulación de lípidos de origen exógeno dentro de los alvéolos pulmonares. Cuando el agente aspirado es de composición oleosa, se desencadena una reacción inflamatoria pulmonar denominada neumonía lipoidea, que con el tiempo puede conducir a una fibrosis parenquimatosa irreversible. En ocasiones, se puede presentar en forma de lesiones nodulares, que obligan a un amplio diagnóstico diferencial, en el que desempeñan un papel fundamental los estudios por imágenes. Para el diagnóstico definitivo, se requiere confirmación histopatológica1. Presentamos un caso clínico de neumonía lipoidea que se presentó como masa pulmonar acompañada de infiltrados pulmonares bilaterales.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is an unusual disease, with an incidence of 1 to 2.5%, caused by aspiration and accumulation of exogenous lipids in the pulmonary alveoli. When the aspirated agent has an oily composition, a pulmonary inflammatory reaction called lipoid pneumonia is triggered, which over time can lead to irreversible parenchymal fibrosis. Sometimes it can appear as nodular lesions that require a broad differential diagnosis, in which case imaging studies have a fundamental role. Histo pathological confirmation is required for definitive diagnosis1. We present a clinical case of lipoid pneumonia which appeared as a lung mass ac companied by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.

Neumonía lipoidea exógena aguda por aspiración accidental de hidrocarburos / Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia for accidental aspiration of hydrocarbons

La neumonía lipoidea es una enfermedad respiratoria poco conocida que resulta de la acumulación de lípidos de origen endógeno o exógeno a nivel del alveolo pulmonar. Suele ser subdiagnosticada ya que la presentación clínica es inespecífica, por lo que suele confundirse con otras patologías broncopulmonares. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 18 años antecedentes de aspiración accidental de combustible que seis horas después comenzó con fiebre, hemoptisis, tos y disnea. Se realizó radiografía de tórax donde se observó una neumonía en base derecha que unido al interrogatorio y a la realización de la broncoscopía confirmaron el diagnóstico de neumonía lipoidea. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente con el tratamiento(AU)

Lipoid pneumonia is a little known respiratory disease that results from the accumulation of lipids of endogenous or exogenous origin in the pulmonary alveolus. It is usually underdiagnosed since the clinical presentation is nonspecific, which is why it is often confused with other bronchopulmonary pathologies. We report the case of an 18-year-old patient with a history of accidental fuel aspiration, who ran fever six hours later, together with hemoptysis, cough, and dyspnea. Chest X-rays showed a right base pneumonia. The questioning and the performance of the bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia. The patient evolved favorably with the treatment(AU)

Neumonía lipoidea exógena fibrosante en paciente con enfermedad de Parkinson / Fibrosing Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia in a Patient with Parkinson Disease

Los trastornos deglutorios secundarios a diferentes patologías pueden desencadenar episodios aspirativos hacia la vía aérea, condicionando una injuria pulmonar cuya gravedad dependerá del material aspirado y del tiempo de exposición. Cuando el agente aspirado es de composición oleosa, su aspiración es capaz de desencadenar una reacción inflamatoria pulmonar denominada neumonía lipoidea, pudiendo con el tiempo conducir a una fibrosis parenquimatosa irreversible. En el caso presentado se describe un paciente con trastornos deglutorios e ingesta prolongada de vaselina como laxante. Revisten interés el extenso compromiso asimétrico del parénquima pulmonar y la metodología diagnóstica empleada para identificar los macrófagos pulmonares cargados con lípidos, realizándose una revisión de la evidencia al respecto en la discusión del caso.

Deglutitive disorders that result from different diseases may cause aspiration episodes into the airways, determining a lung injury whose severity will depend on the material that was aspirated and the exposure time. If the aspirated agent has an oily composition, its aspiration is capable of triggering a pulmonary inflammatory reaction called lipoid pneumonia which after some time may cause irreversible parenchymal fibrosis. The case reported in this study describes a patient with deglutitive disorders and prolonged intake of vaseline as laxative. The large assymetric involvement of the lung parenchyma and the diagnostic methodology used to identify lung macrophages charged with lipids take particular importance. A review of the evidence has been carried out in that regard during the discussion of the case.

Neumonía lipoidea, a propósito de un caso por ingesta accidental de aceite Johnson de bebé y revisión de la literatura

Laughlen, en 1925, describió por primera vez la neumonía lipoidea exógena, en estudios de autopsia, describe la presencia de material oleoso en los pulmones de tres niños y un adulto, con el antecedente de haber recibido gotas nasales o laxantes de material oleoso. En el informe patológico se describe grandes contenidos de aceites en los alveolos. La Neumonía lipoidea es un evento que no es considerado frecuente en pediatría. Por lo general se describe que se origina por la aspiración de sustancias oleosas originadas por alteraciones funcionales del tránsito esofágico, desórdenes neurológicos con alteración del control central de deglución, por medicamentos de medicina tradicional de contenido oleoso, parafinas, o una quizás por broncoaspiración accidental. Presentamos un caso de neumonía lipoidea en paciente pediátrico, secundaria a la aspiración accidental de Aceite Johnson de bebe compuesto principalmente por aceite mineral y vitamina E.

Laughlen, in 1925, described for the first time the pneumonia lipoidea exogenous, in studies of autopsy, it describes the presence of oily material in the lungs of three children and an adult, with the precedent of having received nose drops or laxatives of oily material. The pathology report large oil content described in the alveoli. Pneumonia is an event that is not considered common in pediatrics. Usually described which is caused by the aspiration of oily substances caused by functional alterations of esophageal transit, neurological disorders with impaired central control of swallowing drug oily content, paraffins, or perhaps accidental aspiration. We present a case of lipoid pneumonia on pediatric patient secondary to the Accidental aspiration of Oil baby's Johnson composed principally by mineral oil and vitamin E.

Lipoid Pneumonia - An Unusual Cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Background: Lipoid pneumonia is a rare form of pneumonia caused by aspiration of fatty substances. Case characteristics: Acute respiratory distress syndrome in an infant due to accidental aspiration of baby oil massage. Intervention: Large volume bronchoalveolar lavage. Outcome: Gradual recovery over a period of 5 months. Message: Aspiration of lipids cause prolonged and refractory hypoxemia.

Neumonía lipoidea por exposición laboral / Lipoid pneumonia due to occupational exposure

La neumonía lipoidea es una condición poco común que resulta de la presencia de lípidos en el interior del espacio alveolar. Según la fuente de los lípidos se ha clasificado en endógena y exógena y esta a su vez según la presentación en aguda y crónica. La neumonía lipoidea exógena se produce por aspiración o inhalación de sustancias oleosas, suele presentarse en pacientes con predisposición a broncoaspiración por alteraciones anatómicas o neurológicas, sin embargo se puede presentar en pacientes sanos que están expuestos a este tipo de sustancias y suele ser en el medio laboral. La fisiopatología es secundaria a una respuesta de cuerpo extraño que termina en fibrosis pulmonar. Los síntomas que produce al igual que manifestaciones al examen físico son inespecíficos y los hallazgos en los exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete también lo son, esto hace que sea una patología poco diagnosticada; sin embargo, haciendo una buena historia clínica e historia laboral se puede sospechar su diagnóstico en el caso de los médicos tratantes o establecer una relación de causalidad en el caso del médico forense. Presentación de caso: Se expone el caso de masculino de 34 años de edad referido por un caso de riesgo laboral, el mismo sin antecedentes patológicos conocidos, quien estuvo expuesto al humo del vehículo que conducía, posteriormente inicia con síntomas respiratorios inespecíficos y finalmente es diagnosticado con neumonía lipoidea.

The lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon condition that results from the presence of lipids within the alveolar space. According to the source of lipids has been classified into endogenous and exogenous, and this in turn according to the presentation in acute and chronic. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is caused by inhalation or aspiration of oily substances, usually seen in patients predisposed to aspiration for anatomical or neurological disorders, but also can occur in healthy patients who are exposed to these substances and are usually cases of occupational exposure. The pathophysiology is secondary to a foreign body response that ends in pulmonary fibrosis. Symptoms and physical examinations findings are nonspecific as well as laboratory and cabinet tests, this makes it a disease underdiagnosed; however, doing a good history and labor history may suspect the diagnosis in the case of treating physicians or establish a causal link if the case of the forensic medical. Case presentation: Male 34 years of age are exposed, referred by a case of occupational risk, the same with no known medical history, who was exposed to the vehicle driven smoke then begins with nonspecific respiratory symptoms and finally is diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia.

Severe lipoid pneumonia following aspiration of machine oil: Successful treatment with steroids.

Lipoid pneumonia in children follows mineral oil aspiration and may result in acute respiratory failure. Majority of the patients recover without long-term morbidity, though a few may be left with residual damage to the lungs. We report a case of a two-and-a-half-year-old child with persistent lipoid pneumonia following accidental inhalation of machine oil, who was successfully treated with steroids.

Analysis of fatty acids in Ghee and olive oil and their probable causal effect in lipoid pneumonia.

Aim: To analyze and identify the fatty acids found in homemade ghee and in olive oil and compare those to fatty acids found in bronchoalevolar lavage of children with lipoid pneumonia. Methods: The fatty acids found in homemade fat ”Ghee” and olive oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. Methyl ester derivatives suitable for GC analysis were prepared directly from olive oil or from Ghee using anhydrous methanolic-HCl. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalevolar lavage was performed in eight children aged between 2 and 4 years, all with history of using homemade ghee and/or olive oil in the recumbent position. Results: The analysis of fatty acids in Ghee and olive oil show similar gas chromatographic pattern as those of bronchoalevolar lavage. Conclusion: The three fatty acids responsible for the deleterious effects of lipoid pneumonia were identifi ed. Lipoid pneumonia should be one of the differentials diagnosis in children presenting with respiratory distress.

Lipoid pneumonia: An uncommon entity.

Lipoid pneumonia is a rare form of pneumonia caused by inhalation or aspiration of fat-containing substances like petroleum jelly, mineral oils, certain laxatives, etc. It usually presents as an insidious onset, chronic respiratory illness simulating interstitial lung diseases. Rarely, it may present as an acute respiratory illness, especially when the exposure to fatty substance(s) is massive. Radiological findings are diverse and can mimic many other diseases including carcinoma, acute or chronic pneumonia, ARDS, or a localized granuloma. Pathologically it is a chronic foreign body reaction characterized by lipid-laden macrophages. Diagnosis of this disease is often missed as it is usually not considered in the differential diagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia; it requires a high degree of suspicion. In suspected cases, diagnosis may be confirmed by demonstrating the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or fine needle aspiration cytology/biopsy from the lung lesion. Treatment of this illness is poorly defined and constitutes supportive therapy, repeated bronchoalveolar lavage, and corticosteroids.

A Case of Lipoid Pneumonia Induced by Aspiration of Shark Liver Oil / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Lipoid pneumonia, a rare disease entity, results from accumulation of lipids in the alveoli. It results from the aspiration of vegetable, animal oil or mineral oil. Squalene is a derivative of shark liver oil that is taken as a traditional remedy in some Asian counties and is used widely also in cosmetics. Although many cases with predisposing factors have been reported, lipoid pneumonia can occur in normal individuals without predisposing factors. A 2-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a history of fever and cough for during 2 weeks. On physical examination, his lung sound was decreased in the right lung field. He was found to have infiltrate in the right upper lobe, middle and lower lung field on a chest radiograph. His parents fed him with squalene. High resolution computed tomography scan of the chest showed 'Crazy-paving appearance' in the right upper, middle and lower lobes. Lipoid pneumonia is suggested when there is a history of oil- or lipid- based product use or consumption. The characteristic finding of lipid materials, 'Crazy-paving appearance' in chest Computed Tomography (CT) or chest Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), may be useful in the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia. We report the case of lipoid pneumonia of a 2-year-old healthy child with a history of squalene.

A Case of Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia after Ingestion of Squalene in Patients with Achalasia / 결핵및호흡기질환

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a chronic inflammatory reaction of the lungs resulting from the aspiration of vegetable, animal or mineral oils. Squalene, is a derivative of shark liver oil that is taken as a traditional remedy in some Asian countries, and is used widely also in cosmetics. Similar to the symptoms in most cases of oil aspiration, the symptoms of squalene-induced lipoid pneumonia are either absent or nonspecific. Hence, the disease is generally detected incidentally. Although many cases with predisposing factors have been reported, ELP with achalasia is quite rare. We report a 47-year old woman with achalasia who developed ELP after ingesting squalene. The patient was treated successfully by supportive care and surgical treatment of the achalasia.

A Case of Low-grade B-cell Lymphoma of Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue Mimicking Lipoid Pneumonia / 결핵및호흡기질환

BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are a distinct subgroup of low-grade B-cell extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which are classified as a marginal-zone lymphomas. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic or their pulmonary lesions is often discovered incidentally on a routine chest radiograph. A 50-year-old man was admitted for an the evaluation of cough, dyspnea and fever. His chest CT showed ground glass appearance with interlobular septal thickening in both lower lobes, right middle lobe and left lingular division. He had been initially diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia and was kept under observation. However, his chest lesion showed continuous progression and a video-associated thoracoscopy was performed His pulmonary lesion was confirmed histologically to be a BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. We report a case of a BALT lymphoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as lipoid pneumonia.

A Case of Low-grade B-cell Lymphoma of Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue Mimicking Lipoid Pneumonia / 결핵및호흡기질환

BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are a distinct subgroup of low-grade B-cell extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which are classified as a marginal-zone lymphomas. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic or their pulmonary lesions is often discovered incidentally on a routine chest radiograph. A 50-year-old man was admitted for an the evaluation of cough, dyspnea and fever. His chest CT showed ground glass appearance with interlobular septal thickening in both lower lobes, right middle lobe and left lingular division. He had been initially diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia and was kept under observation. However, his chest lesion showed continuous progression and a video-associated thoracoscopy was performed His pulmonary lesion was confirmed histologically to be a BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. We report a case of a BALT lymphoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as lipoid pneumonia.

Severe Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia Following Ingestion of Large Dose Squalene: Successful Treatment with Steroid / 결핵및호흡기질환

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is an uncommon condition resulting from aspiration or inhalation of vegetable, animal or mineral oil. It results in foreign body type inflammatory reaction of the lung and can show various clinical presentations from asymptomatic incidental finding to severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory failure. Although many cases have been reported, severe ELP requiring steroid or whole lung lavage for treatment is rare. We report a case of 51-year old man with esophageal cancer who developed severe ELP following ingestion of large dose shark oil (Squalene) and successfully treated with prednisolone.

A Case of Lipoid Pneumonia Caused by Aspiration of Laxatives / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Lipoid pneumonia is chronic, interstitial, proliferative inflammation resulting from aspiration of lipoid material. Mineral oil is a hydrocarbon that physicians often use to treat chronic constipation in children and adults. Mineral oil may not elicit a normal protective cough reflex and may impair mucociliary transport. We experienced a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by aspiration of mineral oil given as a laxatives confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsy in a 9-month-old boy with chronic cough and radiologic evidence of parenchymal lung disease.We reported this case with a brief review of related literatures.

Lipoid Pneumonia After Aspiration of Squalene(R) in Rabbit / 결핵

No abstract available.

A Case of Lipoid Pneumonia after Ingestion of Green Perilla Oil / 결핵

We report a case of lipoid pneumo nia in a 57-year-old man who had a history of ingestion of green perilla oil and residual neurologic deficit of cerebral infarction with right hemiparesis. Lipoid pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Experimental Study on Shark Liver Oil-Induced Lipoid Pneumonia in Rats

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the histopathologic findings of shark liver oil-induced lipoid pneumonia, and to determine whether shark liver oil is absorbed through lymphatics and the venous system or not. A single intratracheal administration of shark liver oil (0.6 ml/kg of B.W.) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats. They were then sacrificed sequentially from 1 hour to 12 weeks after injection. We investigated the chest radiographic findings, the serum total lipid concentration of blood obtained by cardiac puncture, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage index of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histopathology of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the lung (Oil red O stain & H&E stain). Chest radiographs showed no specific findings; ill-defined hazy, linear, small patch radioopacity, air space consolidation or collapse. Thirty-six percent of the experimental rats revealed normal findings. Within the lung, the shark liver oil appeared either as highly emulsified fine granules in the cytoplasm of the alveolar macrophage or as free, round oil masses. The area of the lung accumulated with lipid material was maximized 1 week after injection, and then decreased thereafter. The tissue reactions were cuboidal metaplasia of the alveolar lining, widening and lymphocytic infiltration of the alveolar septa and granuloma formation (3% of experimental rats) as a reaction to a foreign body. There were also lung abscesses due to superimposed bacterial infection (5% of experimental rats). With time after the injection of the oil, the serum total lipid tended to increase and the intracellular lipid of the alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tended to decrease. In summary, the histopathologic findings of the lung in the experimental lipoid pneumonia were interstitial chronic inflammation and granulomas with the presence of lipoid material in the lung parenchyma, and shark liver oil appeared to be absorbed in the blood and the lymph, then metabolized.

A Case of Lipoid Pneumonia with Hypercalcemia Caused by Squalelne Intake by Force

Lipoid pneumonia is a chronic, interstitial, proliferative inflammation resulting from aspiration of lipoid material and occurs principally in debilated infants. We experienced a case of lipoid pneumonia with hypercalcemia in a 15 month-old boy who showed irritability, poor weight gain, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, diarrhea and pale face after ingestion of Squalene (shark liver oil : 20-30 cap/day) by force for 2 months. Calcium preparation was also given for 5 months.Lipoid pneumonia was suspected from history and simple chest X-ray. Chest CT showed mixed interstitial reticular density in portions of affective lung fields and the density of the lesion is slightly lower than that of muscle. Although diagnosis was confirmed by tracheal aspiration cytology, chest CT findings could be used as a non-invassive diagnostic tool in lipoid pneumonia.