Clinical effect analysis of en-bloc low-power holmium laser enucleation of prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of en-bloc low-power (22.5 W) holmium laser for enucleation of prostate (LP-HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:The clinical data of 98 patients with BPH who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into LP-HoLEP group ( n=53) and TURP group ( n=45) according to different treatment methods. Patients in the LP-HoLEP group were treated with en-bloc holmium laser enucleation of prostate, and patients in the TURP group were treated with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Perioperative indexes of the two groups were compared, including operation time, postoperative hemoglobin changes, tissue resection amount, postoperative catheter indentation time, postoperative hospital stay, complications, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (Qol) score, maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual volume (PVR) and other indicators were obtained at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The measurement data were tested by Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups, measurement data of skewness distribution were expressed as median (interquartile distance)[ M( Q1, Q3)], and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. The Chi-square test was used to compare the count data between groups. Results:In the LP-HoLEP group, the operative time was (65.74±22.82) min, the hemoglobin decreased 5.71(3.97, 9.01) g/L, the tissue resection volume was (60.59±24.40) g, and the catheter indinduration time was (3.03±0.91) d. The length of postoperative hospitalization was (4.14±1.05) d. TURP group was (77.04±27.33) min, 11.02(8.89, 16.51) g/L, (39.49±11.32) g, (4.80±0.91) d, (5.98±1.03) d, respectively. All the indexes of LP-HoLEP group were better than TURP group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with preoperative, IPSS, Qol score, Qmax and PVR of two groups were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery, but there were no statistical significance between groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:En-bloc LP-HoLEP is safe and reliable in the treatment of BPH, and has advantages over TURP in terms of tissue resection volume, shortening hospitalization and indwelling catheter time, and reducing intraoperative bleeding.

Láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica al eritema multiforme idiopático. Informe de caso

El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad aguda de la piel y/o de las mucosas de naturaleza inmunológica, siendo está de etiología desconocida. Solo el 20% de los casos se dan en niños. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y el examen físico y el tratamiento no está sistematizado. La terapia con láser de baja potencia está siendo cada vez más utilizada en el campo estomatológico. El objetivo fue evidenciar los beneficios del láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica. Este caso corresponde a un paciente de 10 años de edad, que acudió a la cátedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), derivado del Hospital General de Barrio Obrero con antecedentes de internación por presentar lesiones erosivas en labios, boca y máculas en toráx, abdomen, orejas y miembros. En el examen intraoral costras serohemáticas negruzcas en labios, lesiones ulceradas en lengua, piso de boca, paladar duro y mucosa yugal. Se procedió a hacer una lavado de la zona con agua oxigenada, en las áreas afectadas se colocó azul de metileno al 0,01% por 5 minutos, y para la aplicación de laserterapia se realizó una única sesión. El paciente mostró gran evolución a las 24 horas de la aplicación del tratamiento. A los 8 días estaba sin lesiones y asintomático. La fotobioestimulación a nivel celular que ofrece el láser de baja potencia es una herramienta verosímil que se suma a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

Erythema multiforme is an acute disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes of an immunologic nature, the etiology of which is unknown. Only 20% of cases occur in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination and treatment is not systematized. Low power laser therapy is being increasingly used in the stomatological field. The objective was to demonstrate the benefits of low power laser as a therapeutic alternative. This case corresponds to a 10-year-old patient, who came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion (UNA), referred from the General Hospital of Barrio Obrero with a history of hospitalization for presenting erosive lesions on the lips, mouth and macules on the thorax, abdomen, ears and limbs. In the intraoral examination, blackish serohematic crusts on the lips, ulcerated lesions on the tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate and jugal mucosa. The area was washed with hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue 0.01% was applied to the affected areas for 5 minutes, and only a single session was performed for the application of the laser therapy. The patient showed great evolution 24 hours after the application of the treatment. After 8 days he was completely free of lesions and asymptomatic. The photo-biostimulation at the cellular level offered by the low power laser is a credible tool that adds to new therapeutic options.

O eritema multiforme é uma doença aguda da pele e/ou mucosas de natureza imunológica, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. Apenas 20% dos casos ocorrem em crianças. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e no exame físico. O tratamento não é sistematizado. A terapia laser de baixa potência é cada vez mais utilizada no campo estomatológico. O objectivo foi demonstrar os benefícios do laser de baixa potência como uma alternativa terapêutica. Este caso corresponde a um paciente de 10 anos de idade que veio ao Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional de Asunción (UNA) e foi encaminhado do Hospital Geral do Bairro Obrero com um historial de hospitalização por apresentar lesões erosivas nos lábios, boca e máculas no tórax, abdómen, orelhas e membros. No exame intraoral, crostas serohaemáticas negras nos lábios, lesões ulceradas na língua, chão da boca, palato duro e mucosa jugal. A área foi lavada com peróxido de hidrogénio, azul de metileno 0,01% foi aplicado nas áreas afectadas durante 5 minutos, e foi realizada uma única sessão de laserterapia. O paciente mostrou uma grande evolução 24 horas após a aplicação do tratamento. Após 8 dias, estava completamente livre de lesões e assintomático. A foto-biostimulação a nível celular oferecida pelo laser de baixa potência é uma ferramenta credível que se soma a novas opções terapêuticas.

Láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica al eritema multiforme idiopático. Informe de caso

El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad aguda de la piel y/o de las mucosas de naturaleza inmunológica, siendo está de etiología desconocida. Solo el 20% de los casos se dan en niños. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y el examen físico y el tratamiento no está sistematizado. La terapia con láser de baja potencia está siendo cada vez más utilizada en el campo estomatológico. El objetivo fue evidenciar los beneficios del láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica. Este caso corresponde a un paciente de 10 años de edad, que acudió a la cátedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), derivado del Hospital General de Barrio Obrero con antecedentes de internación por presentar lesiones erosivas en labios, boca y máculas en toráx, abdomen, orejas y miembros. En el examen intraoral costras serohemáticas negruzcas en labios, lesiones ulceradas en lengua, piso de boca, paladar duro y mucosa yugal. Se procedió a hacer una lavado de la zona con agua oxigenada, en las áreas afectadas se colocó azul de metileno al 0,01% por 5 minutos, y para la aplicación de laserterapia se realizó una única sesión. El paciente mostró gran evolución a las 24 horas de la aplicación del tratamiento. A los 8 días estaba sin lesiones y asintomático. La fotobioestimulación a nivel celular que ofrece el láser de baja potencia es una herramienta verosímil que se suma a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

Erythema multiforme is an acute disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes of an immunologic nature, the etiology of which is unknown. Only 20% of cases occur in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination and treatment is not systematized. Low power laser therapy is being increasingly used in the stomatological field. The objective was to demonstrate the benefits of low power laser as a therapeutic alternative. This case corresponds to a 10-year-old patient, who came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion (UNA), referred from the General Hospital of Barrio Obrero with a history of hospitalization for presenting erosive lesions on the lips, mouth and macules on the thorax, abdomen, ears and limbs. In the intraoral examination, blackish serohematic crusts on the lips, ulcerated lesions on the tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate and jugal mucosa. The area was washed with hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue 0.01% was applied to the affected areas for 5 minutes, and only a single session was performed for the application of the laser therapy. The patient showed great evolution 24 hours after the application of the treatment. After 8 days he was completely free of lesions and asymptomatic. The photo-biostimulation at the cellular level offered by the low power laser is a credible tool that adds to new therapeutic options.

O eritema multiforme é uma doença aguda da pele e/ou mucosas de natureza imunológica, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. Apenas 20% dos casos ocorrem em crianças. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e no exame físico. O tratamento não é sistematizado. A terapia laser de baixa potência é cada vez mais utilizada no campo estomatológico. O objectivo foi demonstrar os benefícios do laser de baixa potência como uma alternativa terapêutica. Este caso corresponde a um paciente de 10 anos de idade que veio ao Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional de Asunción (UNA) e foi encaminhado do Hospital Geral do Bairro Obrero com um historial de hospitalização por apresentar lesões erosivas nos lábios, boca e máculas no tórax, abdómen, orelhas e membros. No exame intraoral, crostas serohaemáticas negras nos lábios, lesões ulceradas na língua, chão da boca, palato duro e mucosa jugal. A área foi lavada com peróxido de hidrogénio, azul de metileno 0,01% foi aplicado nas áreas afectadas durante 5 minutos, e foi realizada uma única sessão de laserterapia. O paciente mostrou uma grande evolução 24 horas após a aplicação do tratamento. Após 8 dias, estava completamente livre de lesões e assintomático. A foto-biostimulação a nível celular oferecida pelo laser de baixa potência é uma ferramenta credível que se soma a novas opções terapêuticas.

Efectividad del láser de baja potencia como terapia adyuvante en pacientes con herpes zóster / Effectiveness of the low power laser as adjuvant therapy in patients with zoster herpes

Introducción: El láser de baja potencia tiene un amplio uso en la práctica médica actual. Existe un gran número de pacientes con afecciones agudas o crónicas que pueden ser tratados con esta terapia, con resultados alentadores, muy superiores a los obtenidos con el uso de la terapéutica convencional. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del láser de baja potencia como terapia adyuvante para reducir el tiempo de respuesta al alivio del dolor en pacientes con herpes zóster. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de intervención terapéutica, en 21 pacientes con herpes zóster, atendidos en el Servicio de Fisiatría del Policlínico del MININT de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2016 hasta junio de 2017. Se conformaron 2 grupos de forma aleatoria: los integrantes del primero recibieron el tratamiento habitual con aciclovir, vitaminas y analgésico (control); los del segundo, aciclovir, vitaminas y laserterapia (intervención). Resultados: Se observó que en el grupo de intervención la intensidad del dolor fue disminuyendo en relación con la evaluación inicial. Así, en la quinta sesión se apreció mayor porcentaje de pacientes con alivio del dolor que en el grupo control, al igual que en la décima sesión y 21 días después, de ahí la efectividad del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Con el empleo del láser de baja potencia los pacientes con herpes zóster presentaron una mejoría del dolor en menor tiempo, con una respuesta satisfactoria expresada en la totalidad de ellos, por lo que se recomienda su utilización como terapia adyuvante.

Introduction: The low power laser has a wide use in the current medical practice. There is a great number of patients with acute or chronic conditions that can be treated with this therapy, with encouraging results, far better than those obtained with the use of conventional therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of low power laser as adjuvant therapy to reduce the response time to pain relief in patients with zoster herpes. Methods: A quasi-experiment study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 21 patients with zoster herpes. They were assisted in the Physical Medicine Service of the MININT Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2016 to June, 2017. Two groups were conformed at random: the members of the first one received acyclovir, vitamins and lasertherapy (intervention); those of the second group received acyclovir, vitamins and analgesic (control). Results: It was observed that in the intervention group the intensity of the pain was diminishing in connection with the initial evaluation. This way, in the fifth session it was appreciated a higher percentage of patients with pain relief that in the control group, the same as in the tenth session and 21 days later, hence the effectiveness of the treatment. Conclusions: With the use of low power laser the patients with zoster herpes presented an improvement of the pain in less time, with a satisfactory response expressed in all of them, reason why its use is recommended as adjuvant therapy.

Aplicación del láser de baja potencia para el alivio del dolor en pacientes con tratamiento ortodóncico / Application of low power laser for pain relief in patients with orthodontic treatment

Introducción: El dolor es el principal síntoma que refieren los pacientes después de la colocación y activación de los aparatos ortodóncicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del láser de baja potencia en el alivio del dolor en pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención terapéutica en 30 pacientes que se encontraban en los inicios de la fase de distalización de los caninos superiores (previa extracción de los primeros premolares de la misma arcada), los cuales fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Ortodoncia del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, de enero a diciembre de 2020. A tal efecto, se conformaron 2 grupos de forma aleatoria, por el orden de llegada, de 15 integrantes cada uno: el de estudio, que fue tratado con láser de baja potencia, y el de control, que recibió paracetamol como analgésico habitual. Para la validación estadística de la información se emplearon el porcentaje y la prueba de la T de Student para muestras independientes, con 95 % de confiabilidad. Resultados: Existieron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la remisión de la intensidad del dolor, pues el síntoma estuvo ausente o en grado leve en todos los integrantes del grupo de estudio luego de tres sesiones terapéuticas (p=0,00), mientras que solo 13,3 % de los pacientes del grupo de control se ubicaron en estas dos categorías. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la terapia alternativa con láser fue más efectiva para paliar el dolor que el paracetamol.

Introduction: The pain is the main symptom that patients refer after placing and activation of the orthodontic appliances. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the low power laser for pain relief in patients with orthodontics treatment. Methods: A quasi-experiment study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 30 patients that were in the beginnings of the distancing phase of the upper canine teeth (previous extraction of the same arch first premolars), who were assisted in the Orthodontics Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2020. To such an effect, 2 groups were conformed at random, by arrival order, of 15 members each one: the study group that was treated with low power laser, and the control group that received paracetamol as usual analgesic. For the statistical validation of the information the percentage and the Student´s t test were used for independent samples, with 95% of confidence. Results: There were significant differences as for the remission of pain intensity, because absence of this symptom or light pain was observed in all the members of the study group after three therapeutic sessions (p=0.00) while just 13.3 % of the control group patients was located in these two categories. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the alternative therapy with laser was more effective to palliate the pain than the paracetamol.

Fotobiomodulação associada a cosméticos: percepção de profissionais sobre melhora de flacidez e hiperpigmentação genital / Photobiomodulation associated with cosmetics: perception of professionals on the improvement of flaccidity and genital hyperpigmentation

INTRODUÇÃO: A fotobiomodulação associada a cosméticos despigmentantes e rejuvenescedores tem mostrado benefícios na melhora da flacidez e hiperpigmentação genital em mulheres. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a percepção de profissionais acerca da melhora de flacidez e hiperpigmentação genital tratados por fotobiomodulação associada a cosméticos. MÉTODO: O estudo evidenciou percepção de melhora no aspecto geral, flacidez e pigmentação genital com uso da terapêutica proposta. RESULTADOS: Amostra composta por dez mulheres submetidas a quatro sessões de tratamento. A análise dos profissionais foi mediante a comparação dos registos fotográficos de antes e depois do tratamento da região genital. CONCLUSÃO: No entanto, é necessário que novos modelos de avaliação para evidenciar a efetividade terapêutica para tratamentos de flacidez e discromias na região genital sejam desenvolvidos ampliando assim os métodos de avaliação para além da percepção de melhora do aspecto geral.

INTRODUCTION: Photobiomodulation associated with depigmenting and rejuvenating cosmetics has shown benefits in improving sagging and genital hyperpigmentation in women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the perception of professionals about the improvement of sagging and genital hyperpigmentation treated by photobiomodulation associated with cosmetics. METHOD: The study showed a perception of improvement in the general appearance, sagging and genital pigmentation with the use of the proposed therapy. RESULTS: Sample composed of ten women submitted to four treatment sessions. The analysis of the professionals was by comparing the photographic records of before and after the treatment of the genital region. CONCLUSION: However, it is necessary that new evaluation models to evidence the therapeutic effectiveness for treatments of flaccidity and dyschromias in the genital region are developed, thus expanding the evaluation methods beyond the perception of improvement in the general aspect.

Effect of transurethral low power green laser vapor-resection-enucleation after transrectal prostate biopsy / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of transurethral low power green laser enucleation of prostate (VREP) after transrectal prostate puncture.Methods:The clinical data of 96 patients with VERP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from October 2020 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were randomly divided into the control group ( n=41) and the observation group ( n=55). The control group did not undergo prostate biopsy before operation, and the observation group underwent transrectal prostate biopsy within 1 week before operation. The general data, perioperative indexes, maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QOL) and complications of the two groups were compared before and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results:Preoperatively, the PSA was higher in the observation group compared with the control group ( P<0.05), and the differences in other general information were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had longer operation times and heavier resected specimens, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the comparison of enucleation efficiency, crushing efficiency, postoperative hemoglobin (HGB) decline value, postoperative hospitalization time, and postoperative ureter removal time (all P>0.05). At 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, Qmax, IPSS and QOL were significantly improved in the observation group compared with the control group (all P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of the above-mentioned indexes in the same period after surgery (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the complication rate comparison between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Transurethral low-power green laser prostate enucleation after transrectal prostate puncture is efficacious and has a certain degree of safety.

Research and Implementation of 433 MHz-based Wireless Implantable Pacing System / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to solve the problem of communication interference and communication distance caused by the rapid pacing system when establishing the rapid atrial fibrillation model, a low-power implantable pacing system based on 433 MHz communication frequency to form a star network is designed. The system includes an implantable pacemaker, a programmer head, and programmer software. The pacemaker is composed of a wireless communication module, a pacing module, an ECG monitoring module, and a power management module. The programmer head acts as an intermediate node in the star network and is controlled by PC programmer software to program each pacemaker. This article introduces the hardware design and software flow of each part of the system, and describes the results of in vivo simulation and in vivo animal models of the system. The results show that the designed system and application method are effective and feasible for the rapid atrial pacing atrial fibrillation model. 433 MHz wireless communication, implantable, pacemaker system, low-power, ECG monitoring.

Development of a Wearable Wireless ECG Monitoring System with Ultra-low Power Consumption / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study describes the development of a wireless and wearable ECG monitoring system with ultra-low power consumption. The system is mainly composed of a connection part of an ECG electrode sticker, an electrocardiogram collecting part, a data storage part, a Bluetooth main control unit, a charging module, a voltage regulator and a lithium battery. The low-power ECG acquisition chip ADS1292R and the ultra-low-power Bluetooth microcontroller nRF51822 together constitute the ECG signal acquisition and wireless data communication part. The collected ECG signals can be sent to the mobile APP through the Bluetooth function provided by the MCU, and can completly display and analysis to achieve low power system. After testing, the system power consumption is only (3.7 V×2.87 mA)10.619 mW, and if it is optimized, it can further reduce power consumption, therefore, the system design can have good applicability.

Design of Low Power Multi-parameter Monitoring System Based on Bluetooth / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper designs a bluetooth-based low-power multi-parameter monitoring system. The system is mainly composed of ECG signal acquisition, respiratory signal acquisition, body temperature acquisition, bluetooth 4.0 transmission module and Android mobile phone APP display. The system collects the corresponding physiological signals through various collection parts, and can realize the monitoring of three physiological signals of electrocardiogram, respiration and body temperature. The Android mobile APP can display ECG, respiratory waveform and temperature data in real time. The system is small in size and low in power consumption, and has a good application prospect in portable and wearable medical applications.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of two different parameters of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To compare the efficacy of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TSCP)with two different laser parameters.<p>METHODS: A total of 46 cases with refractory glaucoma(46 eyes)who underwent TSCP from January 2014 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the laser parameters, all cases were divided into low-power group(treated by low-power TSCP)and conventional parameter group(treated by conventional parameter TSCP). Intraocular pressures(IOP), best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), number of anti-glaucoma drugs and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference of IOP between the two groups at postoperative 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo(all <i>P</i>>0.05). The total success rate was 87% in the low-power group while 83% in the conventional parameter group(<i>P</i>=1.000).The overall incidence of complications of the low-power group(39%)was lower than that of the conventional parameter group(78%)(<i>P</i>=0.007)at postoperative 3mo. The early postoperative pain score of the low-power group was significantly lower than that of the conventional parameter group(<i>P</i>=0.007).<p>CONCLUSION:Compared with conventional parameters, TSCP with lower power may reduce IOP similarly with less pain and fewer complications.

The efficacy of ranibizumab combined with 532 laser for treating retinal vein with macular edema complication / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab plus low power 532 laser versus 532 laser alone for treating retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema complication.<p>METHODS: Retrospective study of 48 patients diagnosed RVO complicated with macular edema from June 2017 to March 2018. Group A of 31 eyes(31 patients)were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab plus low power 532 laser(the power is about 2/3 of the power of group B, about 100-130mw), and group B of 17 eyes(17 patients)were treated with 532 laser(the power is 150-200mw)alone. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), foveal retinal thickness(CMT), FFA and fundus were observed both before and after treatment at timepoint of 1mo, 2mo and 3mo between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: In group A, BCVA was 0.84±0.02, 0.49±0.04, 0.29±0.04, 0.26±0.04 before and the 1, 2, 3mo after treatment. In group B, BCVA was 0.85±0.04, 0.58±0.01, 0.53±0.01, 0.53±0.02. The CMT value of group A before and after treatment was 527.5±17.59, 371±17.36, 298.5±32.87, 257.75±17.30μm, respectively. Group B was 535±16.36, 425±24.44, 420.25±17.70, 427.75±17.89μm. Intra-group comparison show statistical differences, group A had lower BCVA and CMT value than group B at the same time point(<i>P</i><0.05). Inter-group comparison with pre-treatment, there was significant difference in BCVA between 1mo, 2mo and 3mo after treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). The CMT and BCVA value from group A are the lowest.<p>CONCLUSION: Both methods are effective in treating RVO with macular edema, improving vision, alleviating ME, and effectively controlling the disease.However, combined treatment can significantly reduce macular edema, improve vision, and be more stable than laser treatment alone.

Láser de baja potencia en Ortodoncia / Low-level laser in orthodontics

Introducción: durante los últimos años la Ortodoncia demanda tratamientos más cortos. La duración del tratamiento depende del diagnóstico, complejidad del caso, plan de tratamiento, aparatología, experiencia clínica y cooperación del paciente, entre otros, y generalmente oscila entre 24 y 36 meses. Existen estudios que avalan el láser de baja potencia acelera el movimiento ortodóntico, sin embargo, los mecanismos de la fotobiomodulación asociados a esto están claros. Objetivo: describir la evidencia asociada a la fotobiomodulación por láser de baja potencia en el movimiento ortodóntico y sus mecanismos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la relación existente entre la fotobiomodulación por láser de baja potencia en el movimiento ortodóntico y sus mecanismos en MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO. La búsqueda se orientó a artículos publicados fundamentalmente en los últimos 5 años sin hacer distinciones de idioma. Los tópicos consultados en la revisión estuvieron referidos a estudios experimentales en humanos, animales e in vitro que incluyeran los láseres que emiten luz infrarroja (780-820 nm), debido a que la absorción infrarroja de la hemoglobina es menor que la del rojo visible. Los láseres que emiten luz infrarroja (780-820 nm) son los mejores para estimular las células óseas porque sus longitudes de onda penetran más profundamente en el tejido blando, alcanzando el tejido óseo. Resultados: se profundiza en el tema de la fotobiomodulación y las bases modulares del empleo de esta técnica en Ortodoncia. El láser de baja potencia acelera el movimiento ortodóntico, sin embargo, no se ha determinado una ventana terapéutica específica para la dosimetría y el mecanismo de acción a nivel de tipos de células individuales. Conclusiones: la evidencia sugiere que el láser de baja potencia acelera el movimiento ortodóntico. Sobre los mecanismos celulares implicados en el movimiento ortodóntico cuando son irradiados con láser, aún la evidencia clínica es insuficiente(AU)

Introduction: recent years have witnessed a demand for ever shorter treatments in orthodontics. Treatment duration depends on diagnosis, case complexity, treatment plan, equipment, clinical experience and patient cooperation, among other factors, and generally ranges between 24 and 36 months. Some studies support the idea that low-level laser speeds up orthodontic movement; however, the photobiomodulation mechanisms involved are clear. Objective: describe the evidence of low-level laser photobiomodulation in orthodontic movement and its mechanisms. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO about the relationship between low-level laser photobiomodulation in orthodontic movement and its mechanisms. The search was aimed at papers published in any language mainly in the last five years. The topics consulted in the review had to do with experiments on humans, animals and in vitro in which infrared lasers (780-820 nm) were used, since infrared absorption of hemoglobin is lower than that of visible red. Infrared lasers (780-820 nm) are the best to stimulate bone cells, because their wavelengths go deeper into soft tissue, reaching the bone. Results: details are provided about photobiomodulation and the modular bases of the use of this technique in orthodontics. Low-level laser speeds up orthodontic movement; however, a specific therapeutic window has not been determined for its dosimetry and mechanism of action in individual cell types. Conclusions: evidence suggests that low-level laser speeds up orthodontic movement. Clinical evidence is still insufficient about the cellular mechanisms involved in orthodontic movement when laser radiation is used(AU)

Analysis of laser therapy effects in Sporothrix schenckii inactivation in vivo

Abstract Introduction Sporotrichosis is a common disease in tropical regions, caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, affecting mainly rural workers and in direct contact with animals. Although treatment by indiscriminate use of oral antifungal drugs gives rise resistant isolates, leading to therapeutic failures and no remission of the disease. To evaluate the effectiveness of red low-power laser photobiomodulation in inactivation of S. schenckii infection induced in rodents. Methods Subcutaneously inoculation (2x103 S. schenckii/ml, 0.2 ml suspension) in the left footpad, in 27 mice divided into: control (n = 6, inoculated, without irradiation): early stage (not inoculated) = 1th biopsy; intermediate (9 weeks of evolution) = 2nd biopsy; final (21 weeks of evolution) = 3th biopsy. Treated (n = 21, inoculated and irradiated): early (13 weeks of evolution, 4 weeks after first irradiation) = 4th biopsy, intermediate (17 weeks of evolution, 8 weeks after first irradiation) = 5th biopsy, final (21 weeks of evolution, 12 weeks after first irradiation) = 6th biopsy. Serial irradiation with biopsies occurred every 30 days during each month, for three months. At the end of testing, the mice were euthanized, and histological analyzes of biopsies were performed. Results Each laser treatment session showed an inactivation of S. schenckii in treated animals compared to controls, with a regression of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, neutrophils, granulomas, giant mononuclear cells and steroid corpuscles. Conclusion The laser photobiomodulation was effective on S. schenckii inactivation, appearing to be an interesting therapeutic option in infections caused by this organism.

Low laser therapy (photobiomodulation) on bacteria of pressure ulcers: in vitro studies / Laser de baixa potência (fotobiomodulação) sobre bacterias de úlceras de pressão: estudos in vitro

Os efeitos biológicos promovidos pelo laser de baixa potência resultam em cicatrização mais rápida das feridas. No entanto, as feridas são sistemas muito complexos, tanto do ponto de vista microbiano quanto do hospedeiro. Como a infecção é uma causa comum de cicatrização retardada, é importante entender o efeito da terapia com laser de baixa intensidade no crescimento bacteriano. Esta mini-revisão resume as evidências atuais sobre os efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade em estudos de bactérias in vitro. (AU)

The biological effects promoted by low power laser result in faster wound healing. However, wounds are very complex systems from both host and microbial point of view. Since infection is a common cause of delayed wound healing, it is important to understand the effect of low-level laser therapy in bacterial growth. This mini-review summaries the current evidence about effects of low level laser on bacteria vitro studies. (AU)

O efeito do laser de baixa potência no tratamento de úlceras venosas avaliado pela Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC): ensaio clínico randomizado / The effect of low-power laser in the treatment of venous ulcers evaluated by the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC): randomized clinical trial

Introduction: The healing and maintenance of tissue integrity of the venous ulcer (VU) consists of a cascade of cellular and molecular events that interact with each other for tissue regeneration to occur. Its treatment depends on the association of different mechanisms through the application of topical products and the use of compressive therapy. Despite technological advances related to the supply and development of technological coverage, there is still no effective impact on the incidence of these injuries, which has high financial costs and damages to patients. Currently, Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used to accelerate the cicatricial process in different lesions thanks to its biostimulatory and anti-inflammatory action, which allows its use in VU. In order to guide the choice of the most appropriate treatment, however, an accurate evaluation of the lesion is essential. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) has the results which allow the evaluation of the effect of treatment through clinical indicators. Objective: To compare the effect of adjunctive treatment of LLLT with the conventional treatment in tissue repair of venous ulcer in patients at the Outpatient Nursing clinic. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed at a Brazilian university hospital. The sample consisted of 40 patients with VU, equally randomized to the Control Group (CG) and Intervention Group (GI). Patients were followed up at a weekly nursing visit for 16 weeks or until the lesion was healed. GC received conventional treatment with topical dressings and compressive therapy, while GI was added to TLBP as an adjuvant. An energy dose of 1 to 3 J / cm 2 was used with an AsGalaser laser, with a wavelength of 660 nm. The application occurred punctually at the edges and scanning method in the lesion bed. The wound healing process was evaluated in both groups by eight clinical indicators of Wound healing: second intention (1103): Decreased wound size, Scar formation, granulation, Exudate, Fow wound odor, Macerated skin, Surrounding skin erythema and Periwound edema. The evaluation also occurred from six outcome indicators Tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes (1101): Thickness, Hydration / Skin flaking, Abnormal Pigmentation, Pruritus, Pain and Necrosis. The analysis took into account the 5-point Likert scale, in which 1 corresponds to the worst score and 5 to the most desirable, using the Generalized Estimating Equation. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (15-0634). Results: The mean age was 64.55 ± 11.69 years for GC and 63 ± 12.25 for GI. In the CG, 17 (85%) patients were male, whereas in GI female patients prevailed with 11 (55%) patients, generating the only statistically significant difference (p = 0.019) between the groups. The white color (16-80%) and schooling at the level of functional illiterate (15-75% in CG and 12- 63,2% in IG) prevailed in the groups. Regarding wound time, 40% of patients in both groups have one to five years. Eighty-two wounds were evaluated, 39 of GC and 43 of GI, resulting in 1066 consultations, of which 551 occurred in GC and 515 in GI. Regarding wound healing: second intention (1103), GC started with a mean score of 2.87 ± 0.35 and, at the end of the study, presented 4.21 ± 0.60, while GI started with 2.67 ± 0.46 and reached 4.46 ± 0.47 (p = 0.025). There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison between the groups in four of the eight indicators: Granulation (p = 0.010), Decreased wound size (p = 0.010), Scar formation (p = 0.034) and Exudate (p = 0.011). Regarding the Outcome Tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes (1101), GC started with a mean score of 3.74 ± 0.38 and reached 4.27 ± 0.46 in the last visit, while the GI started with 3.43 ± 0.42 and reached 4.29 ± 0.44. In 11 the analysis of the six indicators of the NOC result, a statistically significant difference was observed in three of them: Abnormal pigmentation (p = 0.008), Thickness (p = 0.010) and Hydration / Skin flaking (p = 0.015) in the comparison between groups. Regarding the conventional treatment, grouped in action class, the CG prevailed enzymatic debridement (17.8%), dressings for infection control (52.8%) and topical agents for maintenance of the humid environment (52.7%). In the GI, dressings for exudate control (9.0%), topical agents for edge protection (31.3%) and perlesional skin (104.2%) emerged. In LLLT the red laser was used, with the mode of irradiation sweeping predominantly in the ulcer bed (97.7%), with an average time of one minute, in the power of 30mW. The mode of point irradiation was used at the edges of the lesion, with a predominance (61.8%) of 10 points, at a distance of one cm each, with energy of 1J/cm2. This mode was also used in the perilesional area, however, with an energy of 21J / cm2. Conclusion: LLLT is an effective adjuvant treatment for tissue regeneration of VU and confirms the clinical indicators of NOC outcome.

Interações do laser de baixa potência sobre as peroxirredoxinas no processo de reparo: revisão de literatura / Low-power laser interactions on peroxyredoxins in the repair process: literature review

Introdução: uma variedade de estudos vem demonstrando que o laser de baixa potência estimula a osteogênese. Os mecanismos propostos para o efeito bioestimulador do laser envolvem aumento da síntese de ATP e formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) pelas mitocôndrias. Estas EROs, incluindo peróxido de hidrogênio, atuam na sinalização celular e influenciam a regulação da expressão gênica, conduzindo a respostas celulares horas ou até mesmo dias após a irradiação. As Peroxirredoxinas (Prxs) constituem uma família de enzimas abundantes capazes de decompor peróxido de hidrogênio. Objetivo: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura acerca dos efeitos bioestimulantes do laser de baixa potência sobre o extresse oxidativo durante o processo de cicatrização. Material e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo nos últimos anos, seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-determinados, utilizando os termos peroxirredoxina, laser de baixa potência e osteoblastos. Resultados: foram identificados cinquenta artigos com texto completo que se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Quanto aos tipos de Peroxirredoxinas, se destacaram as Prxs I e IV. Conclusão: diante das informações colhidas na literatura, concluímos que o mecanismos de ação do laser, induz a formação de EROs, e ainda ressaltamos a importância do estabelecimento de parâmetros seguros na aplicação do laser para que os efeitos desejados, de bioestimulação, sejam alcançados e que sejam evitados os efeitos tóxicos.

Introduction: a variety of studies has shown that low-power laser stimulates osteogenesis. The mechanisms proposed for the biostimulating effect of the laser involve increased ATP synthesis and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. These EROs, including hydrogen peroxide, act on cell signaling and influence the regulation of gene expression, leading to cellular responses at hours or even days after irradiation. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a family of abundant enzymes capable of breaking down hydrogen peroxide. Objective: a literature review was carried out on the biostimulating effects of low power laser on oxidative stress during the cicatrization process. Material and Methods: a search of the PubMed and Scielo databases was carried out in recent years, following inclusion and exclusion criteria, using as descriptors peroxirredoxin, low power laser and osteoblasts. Results: fifty full-text articles were identified that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. As for the types of Peroxirredoxins, Prxs I and IV were highlighted. Conclusion: In light of the information gathered in the literature, we conclude that the mechanisms of action of the laser induce the formation of EROs, and we also stress the importance of establishing safe parameters in the laser application so that the desired effects of biostimulation are achieved and that toxic effects are avoided.

Design implementation and of ECG monitoring and management system based on smartphone platform / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an ECG monitoring and management system based on the smartphone platform to transmit ECG data to the doctor in daily life or working environment.Methods The system was composed of an ECG signal acquisition device and a smartphone App.The ECG signal acquisition device used MSP430F149 microcontroller as the core unit,which executed ECG signal extraction by adopting right leg drive,active filters,dual instrumentation amplifier and moving average algorithm,applied differential threshold method to accurately detecting R wave,calculated heart rate and then sent ECG data to the smartphone through Bluetooth 4.0 module.The smartphone App was developed based on cross-platform mobile development framework Cordova,and used Cordova plugins,JavaScript,HTML5 and CSS to receive the data from the acquisition device,draw and store ECG,show heart rate and remind abnormalities in heart rate as well as to transmit ECG data to the doctor through the mobile medicine App and social App.Then the doctor provided advices on prevention,treatment and etc after analyzing the received data.Results Compared with the ECG machine,the system had the relative errors of heart rate,P duration,QRS duration and QT duration being 2.7％,4.5％,4.3％ and 3.3％ respectively.All the above four parameters having significant correlations,and the correlation parameters were 0.955,0.948,0.91 and 0.834 respectively (P＜0.05).The system had 8-h endurance in case of being fully charged.Concluslon The system gains advantages in power consumption,accuracy,noise,cost,volume,weight,safety,reliability as well as easy operation and maintenance,and facilitates the ECG conditions to be mastered timely by the doctor.

Design implementation and of ECG monitoring and management system based on smartphone platform / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an ECG monitoring and management system based on the smartphone platform to transmit ECG data to the doctor in daily life or working environment.Methods The system was composed of an ECG signal acquisition device and a smartphone App.The ECG signal acquisition device used MSP430F149 microcontroller as the core unit,which executed ECG signal extraction by adopting right leg drive,active filters,dual instrumentation amplifier and moving average algorithm,applied differential threshold method to accurately detecting R wave,calculated heart rate and then sent ECG data to the smartphone through Bluetooth 4.0 module.The smartphone App was developed based on cross-platform mobile development framework Cordova,and used Cordova plugins,JavaScript,HTML5 and CSS to receive the data from the acquisition device,draw and store ECG,show heart rate and remind abnormalities in heart rate as well as to transmit ECG data to the doctor through the mobile medicine App and social App.Then the doctor provided advices on prevention,treatment and etc after analyzing the received data.Results Compared with the ECG machine,the system had the relative errors of heart rate,P duration,QRS duration and QT duration being 2.7％,4.5％,4.3％ and 3.3％ respectively.All the above four parameters having significant correlations,and the correlation parameters were 0.955,0.948,0.91 and 0.834 respectively (P＜0.05).The system had 8-h endurance in case of being fully charged.Concluslon The system gains advantages in power consumption,accuracy,noise,cost,volume,weight,safety,reliability as well as easy operation and maintenance,and facilitates the ECG conditions to be mastered timely by the doctor.

Application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System Probe and Low-power & Low-noise Single Chip Integration System in Neural Loop Researching / 分析化学

A 8-channel neural signal′s simultaneous transducer detection micro system was developed to research the neural loop located at the brain hippocampus zone. The components of the system contained the neural probe manufactured with the Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technique based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, biological low noise chopper-stabilization amplifier, low noise and intermediate speed SAR-ADC converter, reduced and low power ASK/FSK modulation radio transmitter. The micro system was applicable with the characters of small volume, interferences free, neural electrophysiology and neurotransmitter simultaneous detection, high sensitivity, high linearity, etc. The electrode resistance was optimized to 35.0 kΩ after depositing nanometer platinum black on the 4 electrophysiological sites on the Pt electrode. With the modification enzyme technique, nanomaterial enzyme membrane (Pt-mPD-GluOx) was directly fixed on the glutamate detection locus for selectively detecting special neural neurotransmitter matter. In addition, the electrochemistry measurement results indicated that the linear range of glutamate was 6-35 μmol/L with correlation coefficient of 0.97, the sensitivity was 0.0069 pA/(μmol/L). The current response error was less than 3.0 pA, which showed that the neural needle satisfied differential selection. Also, the logic/analog mixed signal 180-nm Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC ) technique (SmicRF180 nm 1Poly6M) was used to manufacture the transducer back-end disposing IC chip, and the test results provided some key parameters such as chopper-stabilization amplifier (equivalent in putting noise voltage ≤0.7 μV rms@1 kHz, gain of 71-82 dB, CMRR/PSRR>100 dB), SAR-ADC (ENOB is 12 bits, power consumption is 1.2 mW when maxmium conversion speed is 1 Msps, signal-noise-ratio is 60.9 dB, etc), and ASK/FSK modulation radio transmitter (the PA′s outputting power of 4-5 dBm, the radiation range of 10 meters). The micro neural transducer integrated system was convenient and wireless wearable for the research of brain hippocampus region.