Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and its immediate outcome on neonates in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remain a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study prospectively examined the immediate neonatal outcome of women with maternal hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HPD).Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at NICU in Universal College of Medical Sciences Hospital over a period from 2nd February 2018 to 1st February 2019. Fifty-two mothers and their newborn were selected. Mothers with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and chronic hypertension were included.Results: Mean maternal age was 26.4 years. Mean gestational age was 34±4 weeks. 38 were male and 24 were female with male: female ratio 1.72:1. Thirty seven (71.2%) mothers needed lower uterine caesarian section, fourteen (26.9%) mothers delivered NVD and one (1.9%) forceps delivery. Low birth weight (<2.5kg) babies were 25 (48.1%%), very low birth weight (<1.5kg) were 9 (17.3%) and normal weight were 18 (34.3%). Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were 18(30%). Perinatal asphyxia 10 (19.2%) were most common cause of admission, other cause of admission were sepsis and prematurity.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still a common and serious complication of pregnancy. Proper antenatal care, detection of preeclampsia with early management and timely referral of high risk patient, administered of MgSO4 in correct doses and properly timed caesarean section in selected cases would reduce the incidence of eclampsia associated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our facility.

Growth of preterm low birth weight infants until 24 months corrected age: effect of maternal hypertension / Crescimento de prematuros de baixo peso até a idade de 24 meses corrigidos: efeito da hipertensão materna

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth pattern of low birth weight preterm infants born to hypertensive mothers, the occurrence of growth disorders, and risk factors for inadequate growth at 24 months of corrected age (CA). METHODS: Cohort study of preterm low birth weight infants followed until 24 months CA, in a university hospital between January 2009 and December 2010. Inclusion criteria: gestational age < 37 weeks and birth weight of 1,500-2,499 g. Exclusion criteria: multiple pregnancies, major congenital anomalies, and loss to follow up in the 2nd year of life. The following were evaluated: weight, length, and BMI. Outcomes: growth failure and risk of overweight at 0, 12, and 24 months CA. Student's t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA (RM-ANOVA), and multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS: A total of 80 preterm low birth weight infants born to hypertensive mothers and 101 born to normotensive mothers were studied. There was a higher risk of overweight in children of hypertensive mothers at 24 months; however, maternal hypertension was not a risk factor for inadequate growth. Logistic regression showed that being born small for gestational age and inadequate growth in the first 12 months of life were associated with poorer growth at 24 months. CONCLUSION: Preterm low birth weight born infants to hypertensive mothers have an increased risk of overweight at 24 months CA. Being born small for gestational age and inadequate growth in the 1st year of life are risk factors for growth disorders at 24 months CA. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão de crescimento de prematuros de baixo peso nascidos de mães hipertensas, a ocorrência de distúrbios de crescimento e os fatores de risco para inadequado crescimento aos 24 meses de idade corrigida (IC). MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte de prematuros de baixo peso acompanhados até 24 meses IC, em um hospital universitário, entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2010. Critérios de inclusão: idade gestacional < 37 semanas e peso de nascimento de 1500-2499 g. Excluídas: gestações múltiplas, anomalias congênitas maiores e perda de seguimento no segundo ano de vida. Foram avaliados: peso, comprimento e IMC. Desfechos: falha de crescimento e risco de sobrepeso com 0, 12 e 24 meses de IC. Teste t de Student, X2, Anova-RM e regressão logística múltipla foram usados. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 80 prematuros de baixo peso nascidos de mães hipertensas e 101 de mães normotensas. Houve maior risco de sobrepeso em crianças de mães hipertensas aos 24 meses, entretanto a hipertensão materna não foi fator de risco para inadequado crescimento. A regressão logística mostrou que nascer pequeno para idade gestacional e ter inadequado crescimento nos primeiros 12 meses de vida associaram-se com pior crescimento aos 24 meses. CONCLUSÃO: Prematuros de baixo peso nascidos de mães hipertensas têm risco aumentado de sobrepeso aos 24 meses de IC. Ser pequeno para idade gestacional e ter inadequado crescimento no primeiro ano são fatores de risco para distúrbios no crescimento aos 24 meses de IC. .

El bajo peso como consecuencia de la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. Factores de riesgo / Under weight as consequence of hypertension induced by pregnancy. Risk factors

La preeclampsia es una nefasta enfermedad peculiar del embarazo que conlleva a morbimortalidad perinatal elevada, bajo peso al nacer y prematurez. Nos propusimos evaluar algunos factores de riesgo que anticiparan la aparición de la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo; caracterizar las variables maternas: edad, paridad, la edad gestacional al parto y el modo de terminación de este e identificar la relación entre el antecedente materno de preeclampsia y el bajo peso al nacer. Se estudiaron 60 recién nacidos bajo peso, conformándose dos grupos; en el primer grupo se incluyeron 30 nacimientos de madres hipertensas y en el segundo 30 de no hipertensas. En el grupo de madres con hipertensión inducida por el embarazo encontramos un predominio de nulíparas, partos pretérminos y cesáreas. Las edades extremas no constituyeron un factor de riesgo en este estudio. La hipertensión inducida por el embarazo es un importante factor de riesgo para la obtención de un bajo peso al nacer.

Preeclampsia is a harmful disease peculiar of pregnancy that produces elevated perinatal morbid-mortality, underweight at birth and premature children. Our aims were to assess some risk factors that anticipate the presence of hypertension induced by pregnancy; to characterise maternal variables like age, number of childbirth, gestational age at birth and the way to finish it; and to relate maternal background for preeclampsia and the underweight at birth. We studied 60 underweight newborns forming two groups; first one included 30 newborns from hypertensive mothers and the second one with 30 newborns from non hypertensive mothers. In the group of hypertensive mothers induced by pregnancy we found a predominance of nuliparas, preterm birth and cesarean. Extreme ages not contribute as a risk factor in our study. The hypertension induced by pregnancy is an important risk factor for the incidence of under weight at birth.