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Objective@#To explore the effects of cyclic training on metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for reducing physical burden and maintaining physical health for the obese adolescent population.@*Methods@#The study selected 42 obese adolescents aged 10-17 from Foshan City from June 1 to September 1, 2021. The subjects were randomly divided into a training group (n=24) and a control group (n=18). The training group implemented a 12week training plan (4 times weekly), including two major events and six movements, namely resistance training (push ups, sit ups, forward lunge) and aerobic exercise (high leg lifts, stationary runs,jumping jack), and each action lasted for 25 seconds with a 15 second interval, completing 4 groups. The control group maintained daily living habits.The ttest and Chisquare test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#After intervention, the weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat mass of the training group [(72.3±1.8)kg, (26.4±2.0)kg/m2, (31.9±2.3)%, (17.5±2.8)kg] were all lower than before intervention [(73.8±2.1)kg, (30.3±1.8)kg/m2, (34.4±2.5)%, (20.0±3.3)kg], and the muscle mass and physical fitness index of the training group [(32.4±1.1)kg, (67.3±5.3)%] were higher than before intervention [(31.5±1.5)kg, (63.1±6.9)%] (t=-2.75,-7.10,-3.61,-2.83,2.37,2.36, P<0.05). After intervention, the blood glucose, cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol , waist circumference and hip circumference of the training group [(4.6±0.5)mmol/L, (8.2±0.4)mmol/L, (2.8±1.2)mmol/L, (73.5±4.2)cm, (93.2±5.8)cm] were all lower than those before intervention [(4.9±0.4)mmol/L, (8.7±0.8)mmol/L, (3.9±1.1)mmol/L, (77.8±3.9)cm, (99.5±5.1)cm], and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than that before intervention[(3.2±0.3)mmol/L,(2.9±0.8)mmol/L](t=-2.30,-2.74,-3.31,-3.68,-4.00,2.29, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between groups in the parameters of each indicator before intervention (P>0.05), while all indicators in the training group were lower than those in the control group except for muscle mass, physical fitness index and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, which were higher than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The cyclic training method for 12 weeks is helpful to prevent the metabolic syndrome disease in obese adolescents.It is possible to appropriately increase the intervention methods of cyclic training to reduce the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between different components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and their combinations with hyperuricemia (HUA) in community residents.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to November 2020 among 10% residents aged 18 and above selected by cluster sampling method from Nanzhai Community of Taiyuan City. According to serum uric acid levels, the selected individuals were divided into HUA group and non HUA group. The general clinical data of the selected subjects was collected, and routine physical examination and laboratory tests were performed. The serum uric acid levels were detected in fasting blood samples. The association of 5 components (hypertension, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) of MS and their combinations with HUA was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.Results:A total of 2 167 community residents were included in the survey, there were 385 cases of HUA with the age of (49.1±15.8) years old, and 297 males (77.1%); 1 782 subjects without HUA and with the age of (48.2±16.2) years old, and 695 males (39.0%). Compared with the non HUA group, the HUA group had a higher proportion of males, smoking, alcohol consumption, and gout attacks, higher abdominal circumference and body mass index (all P<0.05). The proportion of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity of MS patients in the HUA group was higher, while the proportion of low HDL-C syndrome was lower (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the proportion of hyperglycemia between the two groups ( P>0.05). After adjusting for smoking, drinking alcohol, taking antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that except for hyperglycemia, all other components of MS were independently associated with HUA. low HDL-C was negatively associated with HUA ( OR=0.408, 95% CI: 0.231-0.721, P=0.002), and high TG was strongly associated with HUA ( OR=1.834, 95% CI: 1.339-2.513, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that 9 out of 31 combinations of MS components were associated with HUA (all P<0.05), and abdominal obesity+hypertriglyceridemia had the strongest association with HUA ( OR=4.379, 95% CI: 2.184-8.780, P<0.001). Conclusion:Except hyperglycemia, all components of MS and their combinations are significantly associated with HUA, the association between hyper-TG and HUA is the strongest one.
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Objective@#To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children aged 6-14 years in Beijing, so as to provide a reference for preventing MetS.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was carried out in 2 086 records of 1 832 children from the 2017 and 2019 Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB). Three day consecutive 24 hour dietary recalls combined with weighing household cooking oils and condiments were used to collect dietary intake and calculate DII. MetS was diagnosed according to "Definition and Suggestion on the Metabolic Syndrome of Chinese Children and Adolescent". The Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) models were used to analyze the association between DII and the presence of MetS and its components (abdominal obesity, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycemia).@*Results@#The mean DII score was (1.64±1.07) for the included children. No significant association was found between DII scores and the likelihood of MetS (per 1 point increment: OR =1.16, 95% CI =0.92-1.48, P >0.05). In terms of the components of MetS, DII scores were positively associated with the odds of high triglyceride (per 1 point increment: OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.01-1.36, P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the association among different age groups ( P >0.05). No significant associations were observed between DII and other MetS components( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#DII scores may not be correlated with the risk of MetS, but proinflammatory diet might increase the risk of high triglyceride. DII score in childhood should be emphasized to identify and prevent MetS as soon as possible.
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Hyperuricemia is closely related to metabolic diseases.With the development of metabolic syndrome(MS),it can change the mechanical load,hormone and biochemical characteristics of patients,thus perform a complex impact on bone health.Although the increased mechanical load and the production of some hormones can prevent os-teoporosis,it can promote inflammation and oxidation in vivo,which may be harmful to bone health,and uric acid may have antioxidant effect to protect bone.Therefore,the influence of increased uric acid on bone in MS patients is still unclear.The present article will further explore this issue.
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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women. Women with PCOS have androgen excess as a defining feature. They also have increased insulin resistance and obesity, which are also risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, published data regarding PCOS as independent risk factor for NAFLD remain controversial. To determine the prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS, and to verify if there is a correlation between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in this population.Material & Methods:The prospective study was developed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD and MS in adult women with PCOS. Patients were admitted to the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes (BIRDEM), Dhaka, Bangladesh which treats patients with Diabetes Mellitus from all over the country Bangladesh. The study sessions were conducted from January 2020 to December 2020.Results:A total 213 patients were included and analyzed into two groups. Of these, 153 were diagnosed with PCOS, and 60 had other diagnoses. In the PCOS group, 36 (23.53%) patients had NAFLD, and 117 (76.47%) patients did not have NAFLD. From the control group, only two patients had NAFLD, and NAFLD was absent in 58 (96.67%) patients. In the control group, we found 16 (26.67%) patients with metabolic syndrome (NCEP/ATP III criteria) and 44 (73.33%) patients without metabolic syndrome (NCEP/ATP III criteria). From another perspective, describes the PCOS group, there are 68(44.44%) patients with metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) and 85 (55.56%) patients without metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria). In the control group, we found 22 (36.67%) patients with metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) and 38 (63.33%) patients without metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria).Conclusions:The mechanism of development of NAFLD in PCOS women is not fully known. Besides the progress in the diagnosis of NAFLD in PCOS, there is a lack of knowledge about mechanisms that lead to the development of NAFLD in PCOS. Future studies which would integrate epidemiological, clinical, and molecular investigations about NAFLD in PCOS will have a key role in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of NAFLD in PCOS.
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Objective To investigate the association between gallstones (GS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in southern Xinjiang, China, and to provide experience for the prevention and control of metabolic diseases in southern Xinjiang. Methods The patients with GS who visited First Division Hospital, Second Division Korla Hospital, and Third Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from March 2015 to March 2019 were enrolled as case group, and cluster sampling was used to select the individuals who underwent physical examination in Third Division 51st Regiment Hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1140 cases were enrolled in each group after 1∶ 1 matching based on age and sex. The t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for GS. Dummy variables were included by logistic regression to evaluate multiplicative interaction between MS components, and the parameter estimate and covariance matrix of the logistic regression model and interaction calculation table were used to calculate and evaluate additive interaction between MS components. Results The risk of GS in MS patients was 2.33 times that in non-MS patients (odds ratio [ OR ]=2.33, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.86-2.92). In addition, the components of MS also increased the risk of GS, including blood glucose ( OR =2.94, 95% CI : 2.36-3.68), blood pressure ( OR =1.50, 95% CI : 1.26-1.80), blood lipids ( OR =1.48, 95% CI : 1.25-1.75), and body mass index ( OR =1.44, 95% CI : 1.21-1.70). After adjustment for multiple factors, the risk of GS gradually increased with the increase in the number of metabolic abnormalities, i.e., one abnormality ( OR =1.55, 95% CI : 1.22-1.99), two abnormalities ( OR =2.13, 95% CI : 1.66-2.72), three abnormalities ( OR =3.48, 95% CI : 2.59-4.69), and four abnormalities ( OR =4.65, 95% CI : 2.79-7.84). No additive or multiplicative interaction was found between MS components. Conclusion GS is closely associated with MS in southern Xinjiang, and the risk of GS gradually increases with the increase in MS components. No additive or multiplicative interaction is found between GS and MS components.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid levels and thyroid hormones in hospitalized elderly gout patients.Methods:A total of 646 hospitalized gout patients, including 616 males and 30 females, aged(68.8±5.1)years, who were hospitalized at the Department of Gout, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital from April 2014 to December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical information was collected and relevant biochemical tests were conducted.Serum uric acid (SUA)levels were divided into quartiles and their associations with thyroid hormone levels were analyzed.Results:With the increase of SUA, body mass index, the prevalence of obesity, the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and the prevalence of fatty liver, the number of involved joints, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and homeostasis model assessment trended upward significantly( P<0.05); FUA showed a downward trend( F=9.42, P>0.05). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in older patients was 11.3%(73 cases). With the increase of SUA, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and free triiodothyronine levels showed an upward trend, whereas free thyroxine levels showed a downward trend( P<0.01). Conclusions:In elderly gout patients, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism increases with SUA levels.Hyperuricemia and multiple metabolic disorders are independent risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism in these patients.
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Objective:To examine differences in metabolic characteristics and metabolites between elderly overweight patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy elderly people, and to identify related factors.Methods:A group of 36 MS patients(the MS group)admitted to The Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin from April to August 2018 and 43 elderly people(the control group)who underwent physical examination during the same period were included in this prospective study.Serum samples of the patients with metabolic syndrome and elderly healthy controls were collected, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)based non-targeted metabolomics was used to search for differences in metabolites between the serum samples of the two groups.The Pearson correlation statistical method was used to find related clinical factors.Results:Comparison of baseline data of the enrolled participants showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in body mass index[(26.9±2.0)kg/m 2vs.(21.7±1.4)kg/m 2], waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( P<0.01). Metabolomics results showed that there were differences in 65 serum metabolites between elderly overweight patients with metabolic syndrome and elderly normal controls, and these differences were enriched in 21 pathways.Correlation analysis showed that waist circumference had the largest number of differential metabolites, followed by body mass index.The major differential metabolites were monosaccharides such as mannose, lyxose and glucose, linolenic acid and its derivatives, and pyroglutamate. Conclusions:Compared with normal elderly people, elderly patients with overweight metabolic syndrome have a variety of differential metabolites, and these metabolites are highly correlated with clinical indicators related to overweight, such as body mass index and waist circumference, and they include monosaccharides, linolenic acid derivatives and amino acids.
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Resumo Introdução A síndrome metabólica (SM) é o agrupamento de fatores de risco associados à adiposidade central e à resistência à insulina. Objetivo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a prevalência da SM e os fatores associados em idosos de uma comunidade do município de Recife, Pernambuco. Método Estudo transversal com 166 idosos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, residentes na Comunidade dos Coelhos, no município de Recife. Para o diagnóstico da SM, foi utilizado o critério do NCEP-ATPIII. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com a utilização do programa estatístico SPSS para Windows, versão 13.1. Na comparação entre proporções, foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fischer. A razão de prevalência foi utilizada como medida de efeito considerando a SM como variável dependente. Resultados A prevalência de SM encontrada foi de 38,3%. Os fatores associados à SM após ajustes foram: a idade, na faixa etária 60-69 anos (44,4%, p = 0,047), o sexo feminino (43,1%, p = 0,056) e o excesso de peso (57,3%, p < 0,001). Conclusão A SM apresentou uma alta prevalência na população idosa avaliada, sendo associada às características demográficas e ao estado nutricional.
Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of risk factors associated with central adiposity and insulin resistance. Objective This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of MS and associated factors in older adults living in a subnormal urban cluster located in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out with 166 older adults of both sexes aged ≥60 years residing in the Coelhos Community in Recife. MS was diagnosed through the NCEP/ATP III criteria. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 13.1 statistical software. The Pearson's chi-squared test and the Fisher's exact test were used to compare the proportions. Prevalence ratio was used as an effect measure considering MS as dependent variable. Results Prevalence of MS was 38.3%. The factors associated with MS after adjustments were being 60-69 years old (44.4%, p=0.047), female (43.1%, p=0.056), and overweight (57.3%, p<0.001). Conclusion High prevalence of MS was observed in the older population evaluated, being associated with demographic characteristics and nutritional status. The group of older adults assessed should be provided with nutritional education and motivation to the practice of physical activities.
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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of clinical symptoms characterized by multiple concurrent metabolic disorders, and is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in individuals. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, and may be associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Studies have shown that MS is closely related to papulosquamous skin diseases, skin adnexal diseases, dermatitis and eczematous skin diseases, pigmentary skin disorders and so on. This review summarizes the relationship between MS and related skin diseases.
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone predominantly secreted by the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining whole-body energy metabolism and regulating insulin sensitivity. A large number of clinical studies have demonstrated that serum FGF21 levels are increased in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and high circulating FGF21 is a sensitive biomarker for predicting the onset and progression of NAFLD. Injection of exogenous FGF21 can effectively alleviate pathological process in both animal models and NAFLD patients. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of FGF21; to summarize the current data and challenges of the clinical trials on FGF21 analogs and receptor agonists in the treatment of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and to speculate the future directions of FGF21 as a diagnosis and treatment for NAFLD.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide and covers a series of pathological manifestations from hepatic steatosis to inflammation, fibrosis, and even liver cirrhosis. NAFLD is associated with a wide range of extrahepatic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, endocrine diseases, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, psoriasis, and skeleton-muscle diseases. The major causes of death in patients with NAFLD include cardiovascular disease, malignancies, and liver-related complications, suggesting that extrahepatic diseases associated with NAFLD should be taken seriously by clinicians. This article reviews the research advances in extrahepatic diseases associated with NAFLD, so as to provide ideas for clinical assessment and treatment.
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INTRODUCTION: Prematurity may be related to the early onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescence. Breastfeeding and feeding are crucial factors in the genesis of cardio metabolic riskOBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the type of breastfeeding and eating habits with the blood pressure, lipid, glycemic and anthropometric profile of adolescents born prematurelyMETHODS: Cross-sectional study with 50 adolescents born prematurely in western Paraná, Brazil, aged 10 to 19 years. Data on birth, breastfeeding and feeding using the 24-hour Food Consumption Marker were evaluated. Weight, height, abdominal circumference (AC), blood pressure (BP) were verified; concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by capillary puncture. Data analysis using descriptive statistics and analysis of varianceRESULTS: Out of total, 78% eat in front of screens and 52% do not take the main meals during the day. Regardless of the amount of meals a day, the lipid, glycemic and AC profiles did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups. There is a statistically significant association between BP and number of meals (p = 0.01), TC and breastfeeding (p = 0.03) and TG with consumption of sausages (p = 0.02) and products rich in carbohydrates (p = 0.01). Most of them (72%) consumed cow's milk before completing one year and only 30% received exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age. Related other values, 30% had high BP, 22% and 41% high TC and TG, respectively. Of the 30% overweight, 60% had high BP, 53% high TG, 33% high TC and 33% percentile AC ≥90CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding did not influence the metabolic profile, but it was evidenced as risk factors for adolescents to develop future cardiovascular problems due to prematurity, inadequate eating habits, overweight, alterations in abdominal circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile
INTRODUÇÃO: A prematuridade pode estar relacionada à instalação precoce de obesidade e síndrome metabólica na adolescência. O aleitamento e a alimentação são fatores cruciais na gênese do risco cardiometabólicoOBJETIVO: Analisar a relação do tipo de aleitamento e hábitos alimentares com o perfil pressórico, lipídico, glicêmico e antropométrico de adolescentes nascidos prematurosMÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 50 adolescentes nascidos prematuros no oeste do Paraná, com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Avaliaram-se dados do nascimento, aleitamento e alimentação (Marcador de Consumo Alimentar de 24 horas). Verificou-se peso, altura, circunferência abdominal (CA), pressão arterial (PA); dosadas concentrações de glicose, colesterol total (CT) e triglicerídeos (TG) por punção capilar. Análise de dados por estatística descritiva e análise de variânciaRESULTADOS: 78% realizavam alimentação em frente a telas e 52% não realizavam todas as principais refeições do dia; independentemente da quantidade de refeições diárias, os perfis lipídico, glicêmico e CA não apresentaram diferença estatística significante entre os grupos. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre PA e número de refeições (p=0,01), CT e aleitamento materno (p=0,03) e TG com consumo de embutidos (p=0,02) e produtos ricos em carboidratos (p=0,01). Para 72% foi ofertado leite de vaca antes de completar um ano e somente 30% receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade. Na amostra, 30% apresentaram PA elevada, 22% e 41% CT e TG elevados, respectivamente. Dos 30% com excesso de peso, 60% apresentaram PA elevada, 53% TG, 33% CT elevado e 33% percentil CA ≥90CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento não influenciou no perfil metabólico, porém se evidenciou como fatores de risco para os adolescentes desenvolverem problemas cardiovasculares futuros à prematuridade, hábitos alimentares inadequados, excesso de peso, CA e perfil pressórico e lipídico alterados
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Adolescente , Síndrome Metabólica , Saúde do Adolescente , Nutrição do Adolescente , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Recent studies have shown that metabolic syndrome (MetS), e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and drinking coexist in a considerable number of individuals, suggesting the overlap of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD promotes the development and progression of fatty liver disease and aggravates the adverse outcome of fatty liver disease in a synergistic and interactive way. The evolution of the disease spectrum of fatty liver disease challenges the exclusive diagnosis system which divides fatty liver disease into ALD and NAFLD. This article summarizes the research advances in recent years and introduce the latest international consensus on the renaming of NAFLD, aiming to pay attention to the influence of drinking and MetS on NAFLD, put forward our insights into the diagnosis of fatty liver disease, and thus provide a new basis for reexamination the diagnosis and individualized treatment of fatty liver disease.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with the overall survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients who do not receive antitumor therapy. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the data of patients who were diagnosed with PC in The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2013 to November 2018. Related data were collected, including age, sex, body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, medical history of chronic pancreatitis, medical history of biliary tract diseases and gastritis, medical history of chronic hepatitis B/C, medical history of other tumors, presence or absence of PC in first-grade relatives, blood glucose, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), MS, and TNM stage. The log-rank test was used for comparison of survival curves between groups, and the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for survival. ResultsA total 269 PC patients were enrolled in this study, with an average survival time of 3 months. The survival analysis showed no significant difference in survival time between the patients with MS and those without MS (P=0.754). There was no significant difference in median survival time between the patients with hypertension, high TG, high HDL-C, or abnormal BMI and those without such abnormality (all P>0.05). There was a significant difference in median survival time between the patients with hyperglycemia and those without hyperglycemia (hazard ratio [HR]=1.322, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.985-1.775, P=0.028), and the multivariate Cox regression analysis achieved consistent results (HR=1481, 95% CI: 1.043-2.104, P=0.028). The analysis of the influencing factors for survival time in patients with stage Ⅳ PC showed that the patients with hyperglycemia had a significant reduction in median survival time (HR=1.524, 95%CI: 1.046-2.218, P=0004). ConclusionMS is not an influencing factor for the survival of PC patients, but hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in PC patients, especially in those with advanced PC.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the metabolic characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related risk factors in non-obese population. MethodsA retrospective analysis were performed for 12 125 individuals who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center of PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from July 2013 to April 2019. According to body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2, these individuals were divided into non-obese group with 8528 individuals and obese group with 3597 individuals; according to the results of abdominal ultrasound, the non-obese group was further divided into NAFLD group with 1025 individuals and non-NAFLD group with 7503 individuals. According to BMI <25 kg/m2, 3281 individuals with NAFLD were divided into non-obese NAFLD subgroup with 1025 individuals and obese NAFLD group with 2256 individuals. Related clinical data were collected, including sex, age, BMI, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin. Non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M(P25-P75), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors. ResultsAmong the 12 125 individuals who underwent the physical examination, the detection rate of NAFLD was 27.06%, and the detection rate of non-obese NAFLD was 8.45%, accounting for 12.02% of the non-obese population. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, based on the univariate analysis, had a diagnostic accordance rate of 89%, and the results showed that the increase in age, BMI, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin were independent risk factors for non-obese NAFLD (odds ratio [OR]=1.043, 1.716, 1.161, 1.004, 1.791, 2.587, and 1.011, P<0.001, <0.001, =0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and =0.011), suggesting that non-obese NAFLD had the strongest association with low-density lipoprotein and had no association with age, uric acid, and hemoglobin. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were non-susceptible factors for non-obese NAFLD (OR=0.521 and 0.523, P=0.007 and 0.024). ConclusionNon-obese NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic disorders, and further studies are needed to explore the association between serum cholesterol and non-obese NAFLD.
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Objective@#The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome risk factors among male college students.@*Methods@#Eighty male college students were randomly selected from Global Youth Tobacco Survey and assigned to exercise smoker(ES), non-exercise smoker(NES), exercise non-smoker(ENS) and non-exercise nonsmoker (NENS) groups with sample size of 20 in each group. Subjects in NES and NENS groups maintained daily lifestyle while those in ES and ENS group performed aerobic exercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks with exercise intensity set at 50%~80% of heart rate reserve. Before and after experiment, risk factors for metabolic syndrome were assessed including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).@*Results@#After experiment, compared with ENS and NENS group, WC, SBP, DBP, FPG and TG increased while HDL-C decreased (P<0.05) in ES and NES groups. Compared with pre-experiment, SBP and DBP significantly decreased in ENS group(P<0.05), increased in NES group (P<0.05) while no statistically significant in ES and NENS group(P>0.05); WC was significantly reduced in both ES and ENS groups(P<0.05), increased in NES group (P<0.05) while no statistically significant in NENS group (P>0.05) after experiment. Compared with NES and NENS groups, △WC in ES and ENS group decreased (P<0.05); compared with other groups, △SBP and △DBP increased in NES groups while decreased(P<0.05) in ENS group.@*Conclusion@#Smoking is associated with higher level of metabolic syndrome risk factors, while aerobic exercise is associated with lowering blood pressure and WC level in male college students.
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Objective@#The purpose of the present study was to evaluate of continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) in screening metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine the cut-off values in a representative sample of Xinjiang population aged 15 to 18 years old.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling was used to select participants aged 15-18 years from 13 cities in Xinjiang. cMetS was calculated by summing up the Zscores of standardized waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose by age and gender.@*Results@#Totally 16.3% of subjects were overweight, and 5.2% were obese. The proportion of overweight and obesity in males was significantly higher than that in females (18.1% vs 13.8%)(6.0% vs. 4.1%)(χ2=15.36,7.89,P<0.05). The prevalence of total MetS was 6.1%, with 6.6% and 5.4% for men and women, respectively. There was a correlation between cMetS and MetS components, and the average cMetS value increased with increasing MetS component(P<0.05). The total cut-off value of cMetS was 0.99 (sensitivity 68.0%, specificity 80.7%), and the area under the ROC curve was 84.9%. The cMetS scores for boys and girls were 0.80 and 1.48, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Compared with MetS, cMetS shows more accuracy in screening MetS among youth aged 15-18 years in both gender.