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Introduction: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is the greatest challenge to human kind in the 21st century. Over 35.5 million people are infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and the majority of these infections are in the reproductive age group. Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV infections is high especially in sub- Saharan Africa despite improvements in PMTCT services over the years. In 2006 there were 2.3 million children under 15 years living with HIV, and approximately 530,000 children were newly infected with HIV through mother to child transmission of the virus. A child dies of AIDS nearly every minute of every day. Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Kisii general hospital. Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinic at Kisii general hospital from February to April, 2014. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the 328 respondents. Data were collected through structured pre-tested questionnaire. The data were then summarized into SPSS version 20.0, for windows and analyzed. Chi-square was used to calculate the association between, education, Occupation and age against knowledge on prevention of mother to child transmission. Findings: The findings from the study showed that there was an association between the knowledge on PMTCT and Occupation (P = 0.05). A big number (52%) of the mothers did not know about PMTCT services which were being offered in the hospital. The study showed that the knowledge on PMTCT was associated to the age (P = 0.02). It was noted that respondents who had little or no knowledge of the services were mostly below 25 years of age and those with low education levels (P = 0,01). On the attitude towards PMTCT services it was found that threequarters (77%) reported that it is good to take on PMTCT services if reactive and quarter (23%) of respondents reported that PMTCT services are wastage of time because AIDS has no cure. Challenges that affect the PMTCT program include stigma still surrounding HIV and AIDS as a disease, which has led to 210 (64%) of the mothers not willing to know their status. Conclusion: The utilization of the PMTCT services were affected by the low levels of HIV testing. The insufficient knowledge on PMTCT coupled with the negative attitude towards HIV testing, fear and stigma towards HIV and AIDS contributed to the low utilization of PMTCT services in Kisii level 5 Hospital in Kisii County. Recommendation: The study recommends working in collaboration with all stakeholders to improve and increase on the sensitization and awareness to the communities on what PMTCT program is all about and what it entails. There is need to do a qualitative study to find out if the information given during counseling is enough and useful to pregnant women and to see if more counseling session are needed for pregnant women during antenatal visits.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a health education program based on the three level maternal and child health care networks in terms of acceptability of HIV tests in pregnant women. Methods A field study approach was adopted. Pregnant women in two sites who were similar in their social features were selected as intervention group and control group,respectively.Based on the baseline survey,the intervention group was exposed to one-year long health education activities on prevention of HIV related MTCT via lectures,broadcasting and educational materials etc.The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated by interviewing the pregnant women in the two groups via questionnaires and comparing change of HIV test rates pre-and post-interventions. Results A total of 1 541 pregnant women were interviewed,with 933 women in the intervention group and 618 women in the control group.After one year intervention,the rate of HIV-testing during pregnancy in the intervention group was raised from 34.27% to 72.49%,while 5.83% to 20.38% in the control group.The rate of HIV-testing during pregnancy in the intervention group was 52.11% higher than in the control group (?2=24.60,P
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Nos últimos anos tem-se registrado um aumento de casos de aids entre populações mais vulneráveis, especialmente entre mulheres. O impacto desse crescimento é evidenciado no aumento de casos de aids por meio da transmissão vertical. Para entender esse aumento é necessário compreender a complexidade do processo que envolve a epidemia, que alcança com mais intensidade os seguimentos menos privilegiados social e economicamente. A crescente ocorrência de casos de transmissão vertical do HIV, apesar da existência de meios para a sua prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento, despertam a necessidade em avaliar a operacionalização das políticas em UBS. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve por objetivo identificar os componentes da dimensão programática da vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV, na perspectiva da Transmissão Vertical em UBS, com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios para controle da aids no segmento materno-infantil. Adotou-se como referencial teórico o conceito de vulnerabilidade e a determinação social do processo saúde-doença. É um estudo descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de prontuários clínicos e de entrevistas com 79 gestantes e com profissionais em UBS da Coordenadoria de Saúde de Santana, em São Paulo. Para os dados de prontuários e das entrevistas, utilizou-se questionário cujas respostas foram analisadas qualitativamente. As gestantes estudadas apresentam um perfil de mulheres com baixa escolaridade, dependentes economicamente e pertencentes a segmentos sociais menos privilegiados, o que as tornam mais vulneráveis ao HIV/AIDS. A análise dos dados aponta falhas na operacionalização das ações para a prevenção da TV do HIV nas UBS. Embora a maioria das gestantes tenha sido testada, o aconselhamento pré e pós-teste nem sempre foi realizado, e as gestantes desconhecem sua finalidade. Não houve solicitação de testagem para todas, tão pouco se garantiu a voluntariedade. O fluxo laboratorial implica no aumento da ) vulnerabilidade, sendo evidenciado um retardo para a realização da coleta e de retorno dos resultados, levando a intervalos longos entre a entrada das gestantes na unidade e o resultado do HIV. Quanto aos profissionais, destaca-se insegurança no trato de questões ligadas a DST/AIDS, e sua relação com a gestação. Conclui-se que as UBS deveriam ser um espaço privilegiado para a prevenção da Transmissão Vertical do HIV, porém as falhas encontradas para a operacionalização das ações impactam negativamente no controle da Transmissão Vertical. Reconhece-se também que as ações de saúde reprodutiva e da política de DST/AIDS refletem uma interface ainda limitada, carente de ações sinérgicas, que respondam efetivamente às demandas expostas
Lately we have been registering an increase of AIDS cases among most vulnerable populations, specially among women. The impact of this growth is showed in the increase of AIDS cases by mother to child transmission. To understand this increase it is necessary to comprehend the complexity of the process which involves the epidemy, that reachs with more intensity the social and economically less privileged segments. The crescent number of HIV cases in Mother to Child Transmission, despite of the existence of prevention, diagnosis and treatment, awakes the need to make these Basic Health Units policy operable. In that sense, the purpose of the study was identify the components of HIV infection by Mother to Child Transmission in Basic Health Units (BHU). Hoping to provide resources to AIDS control in maternal-childish. We adopted as a theoretical reference the vulnerability concept and social determination in the health-disease process. This is a descriptive study, developed from clinical promptuaries and interviews with 79 pregnant women and BHU professionals in the Santana district, São Paulo. To gather information from promptuary and from theinterview we utilized a questionary , whose the answers were qualitativelly analized. The pregnant women studied showed a profite of low school age, and economic dependence also belonging to less privileged social segments. That made them more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. The data analysis shows failures in actions to Mother to Child Transmission prevention in the Basic Health Units. Although the majority of pregnant women had been tested, the counseling was not always done, and they didan´tt know the purpose of these tests. There was no asking to test the women, and no choice was given to them. The laboratorial work flow increases vulnerability since has been showing a delay between testing and test result testing, huge gaps between pregnant women entrance in the basic unit and the HIV exams results. Regarding professionals, we could point out their insecurity to deal with those questions linked to STD/AIDS, and its relation with pregnancy. We can conclude that BHU should be a privileged space for HIV in mother to child transmission prevention, therefore the failures that we found agaisnt go the control mother to child transmission. We also recognise the health actions and the STD/AIDS politics as a poor interface, wich should give an effective answer to the exposed demands