Manejo da dor no câncer: proposta de tecnologia educativa para capacitação de enfermeiros / Cancer pain management: educational technology proposal for nurses training

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Preparation and Properties of Tremella-like Fe-N-C Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction / 分析化学

The Fe-N-C composite catalyst was prepared by the thermal decomposition of the chelate precursors based on Fe central ions and o-phenylenediamine ligands.It was observed from the scanning electron microscopy that the crumpled carbon micro-and nano-sheets were intertwined to form a free-standing tremella-like 3D structure.The N2 adsorption/desorption experiments revealed that the composite contained ample micro-and meso-pores and had a specific surface area of 290 m2/g.Graphitic C and multi-crystal Fe3C as main components were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction, and N-doping in the general form of graphite N and pyridine N was also verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical measurement showed that the tremella-like Fe-N-C composite catalyzed oxygen reduction through a four-electron path in an alkaline solution, and its activity was comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst.After 2000 cycles, the limited current density of the Fe-N-C catalytic electrode only decreased less than 5%, and the half-wave potential shift negatively 5 mV, which suggested that the Fe-N-C composite catalyst had better catalytic stability than the commercially used Pt/C catalyst.

Monitoramento da adesão às medidas de precaução de contato: adaptação de um formulário de observação / Monitoring adherence to contact precautionary measures: adaptation of an observation form

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Chronic stress effects on NPY neuronal population during rat development / Efectos del stress crónico sobre la población neuronal NPY durante el desarrollo de ratas

The aim of this work was to determine the chronical stress effects on the encephalic NPY neurons population during the fetal Central nervous system development. Immunocytochemical techniques were used for this purpose: NPY neurons presented a similar morphology during the gestation days studied but their distribution varied in the anterior, medium and posterior brain. Statistical Highly significant differences in number of NPY positive neurons (p<0.01) among anterior, medium and posterior brain of stressed fetus (SF) were determined depending on the gestation period and the brain area. The NPY neurons were increased in ARC (Arcuate Hypothalamic Nucleus), PH (Posterior Hypothalamic Area) and DM (Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus) in stressed fetuses (SF) of 17 days, and in ARC of 19 days SF (p< 0.01) were detected in the different brain nucleus. The NPY population increased in PnO (Pontine Reticular Nu, Oral Part) and RITg (Reticulotegmental Nu of the Pons) of 17 days SF, while they were detected in posterior brain at Pyx (Pyramidal Decussation), Rob (Raphe Obscurus Nucleus) and RPA (Raphe Pallidus Nucleus) in SF of 19 days. They also increased in number (p<0.05) in DPGI (Dorsal Paragigantocellular Nu), CGPn (Central Gray of Pons) and PrH (Prepositus Hypoglossal Nucleus) of 17 days SF. Finally, any statistical differences were found among CF and SF in the following nuclei: anterior brain, AH (Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus), DM (Dorsomedia L Hypothalamic Nucleus) of 17 days; ME (Median Eminence)., VMH (Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus) of 19 days; medium brain in CG (Central Periaqueductal Gray), DR (Dorsal Raphe Nucleus) of 17 days and posterior brain in PnC (Pontine Reticular Nu, Caudal Part), PrH (Prepositus Hypoglossal Nucleus), RMgG (Raphe Magnus Nucleus), IO (Inferior Olive) of 17 days. The increase number of NPY neurons found in the stressed rat fetuses in all periods studied would indicate the participation of the NPY System in...

El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos del estrés crónico en la población de neuronas NPY encefálicas durante el desarrollo del S.N.C. fetal mediante técnicas inmunocitoquímicas. Se demostró que las neuronas NPY presentan un morfología similar en los días de gestación estudiados, pero su distribución varía en el cerebro anterior, medio y posterior. Se comprobaron diferencias altamente significativas entre el cerebro anterior, medio y posterior (p<0,01) de fetos estresados (FE), variando dicha significación dependiendo del día de la gestación y del área estudiada. En los diferentes núcleos cerebrales del cerebro anterior se detectaron aumentos en ARC (Arcuate Hypothalamic Nucleus), PH (Posterior Hypothalamic Area) de 17 días y DM (Dorsomedia L Hypothalamic Nucleus) y en ARC (Arcuate Hypothalamic Nucleus) de 19días (p<0,01) de F.E. En el cerebro medio se detectaron aumentos en DR (Dorsal Raphe Nucleus) (p<0,01) y PN (Pontine Nucleus) (p<0,05) de 19 F.E. En el cerebro posterior se detectaron aumentos en PnO (Pontine Reticular Nu, Oral Part) y RITg (Reticulotegmental Nu of the Pons) de 17 F. E. y Pyx, (Pyramidal Decussation), Rob (Raphe Obscurus Nucleus) y RPA (Raphe Pallidus Nucleus) de 19 F.E. Asimismo se comprobaron aumentos (p<0,05) en DPGI (Dorsal Paragigantocellular Nu.) de 17 F.E, CGPn (Central Gray of Pons) y PrH (Prepositus Hypoglossal Nucleus), de 19 F.E. Finalmente, no se comprobaron diferencias entre F. C. (fetos controles) y F. E. en los siguientes núcleos del cerebro anterior: AH (Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus), DM (Dorsomedia L Hypothalamic Nucleus), de 17 días; y EM, (Median Eminence), VMH (Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus) de 19 días. En el cerebro medio CG, (Central Periaqueductal Gray), DR (Dorsal Raphe Nucleus) de 17 días. En el cerebro posterior el PnC, (Pontine Reticular Nu, Caudal Part), PrH (Prepositus Hypoglossal Nucleus), RMgG (Raphe Magnus Nucleus), IO (Inferior Olive) de 17 días del cerebro posterior...