Application of traditional Chinese medicine theory in modern traditional Chinese medicine nano-preparation: taking tumor treatment as an example / 中国中药杂志

With Zang-Fu organs, meridians, Qi and blood, and body fluid as the physiological and pathological basis, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory is guided by the holistic concept and characterized by syndrome differentiation. It has made significant contributions to human health maintenance and disease prevention. Modern TCM preparation is developed on the basis of inheriting and developing TCM preparations using modern science and technology under the guidance of TCM theory. At present, the incidence and mortality of common tumors are increasing. TCM has rich clinical experience in the treatment of tumors. However, in the current stage, some TCM preparations have a tendency to deviate from the guidance of TCM theory. With the modernization of TCM, it is worth considering how TCM theory guides modern TCM preparations. Taking tumor treatment as an example, this paper introduced the development of TCM nano-preparation under the influence of modern nanotechnology, summarized the research on the development of modern TCM nano-preparation from the aspects of TCM holistic concept, TCM treatment principles, and TCM theory application, and discussed the application prospect of TCM nano-preparation in overall therapy, drug pairing, carrier selection, and targeted substance selection under the guidance of TCM theory. This paper provides new references for further developing the combination of tradition and modernization of TCM nano-preparation.

Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Curcumin and Its Nano-preparation Against Liver Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

There are certain limitations in the application of liver transplantation， resection and radiofrequency ablation for liver cancer. Therefore，specific and selective new drugs are needed to provide better treatment. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol with a wide range of activities，such as anti-inflammatory，antibacterial，anti-oxidant and anti-tumor properties. Its nano-preparation has stronger growth inhibition and pro-apoptosis effects on tumor cells. Literature retrieval found that curcumin's anti-liver cancer molecular mechanisms include inhibiting cell proliferation by regulating the expressions of relevant miR，glyoxalase 1（GLO1），CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF），inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT3） and YAP expression to induce cell apoptosis，regulating the heat shock protein 70 （HSP70）-Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） signaling pathway，Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor（TGF）/epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） pathways，nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2（Nrf2）/ Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1（Keap1） signaling pathway，inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） phosphorylation，to reduce Lin28B expression，regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway and inhibiting G protein-coupled receptors （GPR81）/hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor-1 （HCAR-1） expression to reverse transformation therapy resistance. Curcumin nano-preparation mainly includes polymer micelles，liposomes，loaded microbubbles，nanocapsules and nanoparticles. Curcumin is mainly delivered to liver cancer cells to rapidly release the drug，enhance the anti-liver cancer effect and reduce toxic and side effects in normal liver cells. The mechanisms include activation of DR5/Caspase-mediated exogenous apoptosis pathway and VEGF/VEGF receptors （VEGFRs） signaling pathway，loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS）. This paper summarizes the molecular mechanism of curcumin and its nano-preparation against liver cancer，in order to further define the molecular mechanism of liver cancer and provide a new reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Research Progress of Nano-preparation in Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment and Enhancing Immune Efficacy / 中国药学杂志

Because of the tumor barrier and the microenvironment of tumor tissue, the treatment of tumor immunotherapy is limited and increased adverse reactions. In recent years, nano-preparation has made many new advances in the process of tumor immunotherapy for regulating immune deficiency, remodeling tumor tissue microenvironment, and enhancing the effect of immunotherapy. This article mainly describes the microenvironmental factors of affecting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, and reviews the strategies of nano-preparation for remodeling the tumor microenvironment.

Research progress on pharmacological action and new dosage forms of baicalin / 中草药

Baicalin is a kind of flavonoids derived from Scutellaria baicalensis with obvious pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that baicalin can be used in the treatment of pneumonia, tumor and hepatitis and other diseases. However, the poor water solubility and liposolubility of baicalin lead to the low bioavailability of it, which limits the clinical efficacy of baicalin. Therefore, in recent years, new dosage forms of baicalin have been prepared by new technology to improve its physical properties. Based on this, this paper reviews the research progress of pharmacological action and new dosage forms of baicalin based on the relevant literatures at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for the application and research of baicalin.

Advances in PEGylated targeted nano-preparation / 中国药科大学学报

Polyethylene glycol(PEG) with good hydrophilicity and flexibility can improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the nano-preparation,so PEG modification in the surface of nano-preparation can increase the in vivo residence time and concentration of drugs.At present,the targeted nano-preparation with PEG modification has become a research hotspot in the field of pharmaceutics.In this paper,the physical and chemical methods of PEG modification in targeted nano-preparation was summarized,which includes physically inserting PEG-lipid derivatives in nanostructure of targeted nano-preparation or modifying PEG with targeted nano-preparation.In addition,the influence of PEG parameters (molecular mass,modified density and spatial conformation) on properties of targeted nano-preparation was also discussed,which is important to preferably structure PEGylated targeted nano-preparation.

Research progress of in vitro release evaluation methods for nano preparation / 中国药学杂志

In vitro release is an important index to evaluate the quality of nano preparation, but there is no pharmacopoeia standard of in vitro release evaluation METHODS of nano preparation exists at present, it seriously restricts the safety improvement of nano preparation and the progress of its product development. The main in vitro release evaluation METHODS of nano preparation at present are sample and separate method, flow through cell method, dialysis method, franz diffusion cell method, combination METHODS, and the new METHODS of electrochemical method, nonelectrochemical method and microdialysis method. With the aim to optimize the improvement and development of in vitro release evaluation METHODS of nano preparation, this paper combined with the special properties of nano preparation and provided mainly the research status of in vitro release evaluation METHODS of nano preparation in recent years and their strengths and shortcomings.