Influencing factors of negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection in 228 patients infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Shanghai / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze and compare the effects of different clinical characteristics on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection, and to provide a scientific basis for the isolation and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods　The epidemiological and clinical data of 228 mild SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infected patients diagnosed in Shanghai were retrospectively collected from April 27, 2022 to June 8, 2022 in Wujiaochang designated Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai. The negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection was used as the outcome variable, and the patients were divided into A (≤18 days) and B (>18 days). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the negative conversion time of nucleic acid detection. Results　The mean nucleic acid conversion time of 228 patients was (18.7±12.1) d, with the median time of 18 (2-46) d. Among them, 120 patients in group A had an average nucleic acid conversion time of (13.2±2.0) d, and 108 cases in group B had an average nucleic acid conversion time of (20.8±1.3) d. Univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypokalemia, malignant tumors, neuropsychiatric diseases, chronic digestive diseases on the negative nucleic acid conversion time (P>0.05); however, there were significant differences in the effects of combined cerebrovascular disease, leukopenia, chronic respiratory system diseases and vaccination on the negative nucleic acid conversion time (P<0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the combination of chronic respiratory diseases and non-vaccination were significant risk factors for prolongation of negative nucleic acid conversion time (P<0.05). Conclusions The results of this study show that gender, age and whether hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia, malignant tumor, neuropsychiatric disease and chronic digestive disease have no significant effect on the nucleic acid conversion time, whereas chronic respiratory disease and no vaccination are significantly correlated with the prolongation of nucleic acid conversion time in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected patients.

Effects of Tanreqing Capsule on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tanreqing Capsule (TRQC) was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of TRQC in the treatment of COVID-19.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 82 patients who had laboratory-confirmed mild and moderate COVID-19; patients were treated with TRQC in one designated hospital. The treatment and control groups consisted of 25 and 57 cases, respectively. The treatment group was given TRQC orally three times a day, three pills each time, in addition to conventional Western medicine treatments which were also administered to the control group. The clinical efficacy indicators, such as the negative conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid, the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid, the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid, and the improvement in the level of immune indicators such as T-cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD45) were monitored.@*RESULTS@#COVID-19 patients in the treatment group, compared to the control group, had a shorter negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid (4 vs. 9 days, P = 0.047) and a shorter interval of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid (0 vs. 2 days, P = 0.042). The level of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Significant reductions in the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid and the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid were identified in the treatment group as compared to the control group, illustrating the potential therapeutic benefits of using TRQC as a complement to conventional medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19. The underlying mechanism may be related to the improved levels of the immune indicator CD3

Clinical efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine sulfate combined with azithromycin in treatment of patients with refractory common coronavirus disease 2019 / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine sulfate combined with azithromycin in the treatment of refractory common coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods The clinical data of 11 refractory common COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to Guanggu Branch of Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Hubei Province from Mar. 22 to 25, 2020, were retrospectively collected. The patients all received combined treatment regimens: hydroxychloroquine sulfate orally 200 mg three times daily for 7 days; and azithromycin orally 500 mg once daily on day 1 and then 250 mg once daily from day 2 to day 4. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test of throat swab was performed once daily from day 4 to day 10 after combined administration, and the blood routine and other laboratory indicators were tested within 3 days before administration and on the 8th days after administration. Results All the 11 patients had common COVID-19, seven of them were consistently positive for SARSCoV- 2 nucleic acid test, and four were positive again after negative results. The average course of disease of 11 patients before combined administration was 50.2 days. The treatment process was uneventful. Zero case of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test result turned negative on day 4 after administration, two cases on day 5, two cases on day 6, two cases on day 7, one case on day 8 and one case on day 9. No patients progressed to severe or critical illness, and no severe side effects were found. Conclusion Hydroxychloroquine sulfate combined with azithromycin is safe and effective in the treatment of refractory common COVID-19 patients who have ailed in other treatments and are consistently positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid.

Therapeutic effect of Xueniaoan Capsule combined with levofloxacin on chronic bacterial prostatitis / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Xueniaoan Capsule combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Methods: A total of 126 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were randomly divided into control group (n = 60) and observation group (n = 66). The control group was treated with levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets (0.6 g/d, po) and the observation group was treated with Xueniaoan Capsule (4.2 g/d, po) combined with levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets (0.6 g/d, po). Both groups were continuously treated for eight weeks. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated through the NIH-CPSI score, prostatic fluid bacterial culture negative conversion rate, and serological parameters. Results: After treatment, the clinical efficacy in the control and treatment groups were 66.67% and 89.39%, respectively, and there were statistical differences between two groups (P < 0.05); Statistical analysis showed that the pain symptom score (5.45 ± 1.12), urination symptom score (3.31 ± 0.70) and quality of life score (3.08 ± 0.55) of NIH-CPSI scale in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05); The negative conversion rate of prostatic fluid bacterial culture was 71.67% in the control group and 92.42% in the observation group, and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05); The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), while the levels of inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Xueniaoan Capsule combined with levofloxacin is effective in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis, and can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the rate of prostatic fluid bacterial clearance, and reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors, which has a certain clinical application value.

The Influence of Recombinant Human α-2b Interferon Capsule for Vaginal Foams on the Negative Conversion Rate of HPV / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Xinfuning( recombinant human α-2b interferon capsule for vaginal foams) on the clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV). Methods: The patients with HPV infection were divided into experimental group (Xinfuning group) and control group (Shurunshuan group, a common recombinant human interferon α-2b in suppository form) .The HPV negative conversion rate was compared between the two groups after action on vaginal posterior fomix. The content of cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-a in the cervical region before or after the application was detected by ELISA. Results:The negative conversion rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The content of IL-4, IL-10 was decreased and the cont ent of IFN-γ,TNF-α was increased apparently( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Interferon has the effect on clearance of HPV infection by regulating Th1/Th2 balanced state to boost immunization and the unique preparation of Xinfuning can strengthen such function.

A study on the change of hepatitis B markers with the passage of time in nonvaccinees-A follow-up data of visitors in a health examination center for three years

BACKGROUND: Korea is an epidemic area of hepatitis B. There are needs for longitudinal study to measure quantity of hepatitis B infection status in Korea. This study was designed to observe natural course of hepatitis B markers in the same person for three years. The objective of this study was to investigate incidence of new infection and persistence of previous infection. METHODS: The study subjects were clients who visited a health examination center in Seoul twice with an interval of three years, from 1995 to 2000. They replied as nonvaccinee on both occasions for hepatitis B by self-administered questionnaire. Hepatits B markers were measured by radioimmunoassay on all visits. There were 103 subjects with 61 men and 42 women. RESULTS: The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was 20.4% initially, which changed to 18.5% after three years. The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was 20.4% initially, that was changed as 18.5% after three years. The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody was 61.2% initially, which increased to 66.0% after three years. The positive rates of hepatitis B surface antibody in men were 63.9% initially and 68.9% after three years, which showed statistically significant trend. (P=0.08). The positive rate of hepatitis B core antibody was 89.3%, which remained the same after three years. There was no positive conversion case of hepatitis B surface antigen. The negative conversion rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was 2/63(3.2%). The positive conversion rate of hepatitis B surface antibody was 7/40(17.5%), and negative conversion rate of that was 2/63(3.2%). The positive conversion rate of hepatitis B core antibody was 3/11(27.3%), and negative conversion rate of that was 3/92(3.3%). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B markers changed in the direction of increase of infection incidence, rather than natural disappearance of markers in nonvaccinees. The mechanism was postulated as occurrence of new infection mainly, but the possibility of double infection by variants of hepatitis B virus could not be ruled out. We confirmed that positive rate of hepatitis B marker in males was not only higher cross-sectionally, but also increased higher longitudinally. We suggest a follow-up study of hepatits B markers to be performed because hepatits B markers showed dynamic changes. We think the high risk groups of hepatitis B infection have a priority in follow-up study.

Monitoring of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Polymerase Chain Reaction After Antituberculous Treatment / 결핵

BACKGROUND: As living and dead Mycobacteria could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), it was considered that PCR was inappropriate for the monitoring of pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment. But we found negative conversion of PCR after successful treatment. We would like to know about the negative conversion rate of PCR and its conversion time after antituberculous treatment. METHODS: We collected 113 sputums from the 16 patients of pulmonary tuberculsosis visiting Catholic University Hospital of Taegu Hyosung. We consecutively tested AFB smear, AFB culture and PCR by 2 to 4 weeks after antituberculous therapy. The patients were classified according 13 the chest X ray findings. RESULTS: We detectsd negative conversion of PCR from all 16 patients of the pulmonary tuberculosis within 30 weeks after treatment. The average negative conversion time was 16 +/- 8 weeks. The conversion time according to the chest X-ray findings were as follows : For the 8 cases of minimum were 9 +/- 5 weeks,4 cases of modreate advanced were 20 +/- 8 weeks, and 4 cases of far advanced were 23 +/- 2 weeks. The product of PCR was gradually decreased according to the duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of our study, we could utilize M. tubercuosis PCR for the prediction of therapy response and monitoring of the patient with pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment.

A study on results of short-course chemotherapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered at Seoul city health centers / 예방의학회지

This study was performed for the comparison of the therapeutic efficiency between 6-month (2tHER/4HER) and 9-month (9HER) short-course chemotherapy under the programe conditions for pulmonary tuberculosis in terms of sputum AFB negative conversion rate, remedial interruption rate and cost effectiveness analysis. Two hundreds and ninty three patients treated with 9HER and 641 treated with 2HERZ/4HER had been discharged from 22 health centers in Seoul from May 1, 1993 to April 30, 1994. Seven hundreds and seventeen was subsequently analysed excluding 217 patients due to remedial interruption. The results: 1. Bacteriological negative conversion rate in 9HER regimen and 2HERZ/4HER regimen was 97.8% and 96.4% respectively (p>0.05). But the early treatment period, negative conversion rate in 2HERZ/4HER regimen was very higher than in 9HER regimen(p<0.01). 2. Remedial interruption rate for 9HER regimen and 2HERZ/4HER regimen was 34.1% and 13.6% respectively. The primary reason for the interruption was transfering to other clinics and this interruption was high within 3months. 3. Cost effectiveness for 2HERZ/4HER regimen was higher than 9HER regimen. The difference cost effectiveness ratio was 2.33 at the first sputum test and 1.69 at the last sputum test.