Monitoring of the multiple resistant bacteria and development of new antibiotics / 中国药学杂志

METHODS: To collect and retrieve the literature reports, subject summary and case report related to the multiple drug resistance of bacteria both at home and abroad. Summarize, analyze and evaluate the current grim situation for multiple drug resistance in our country as well as analyze the possible reasons, investigate the related successful experience abroad and discuss the basic idea of our country against multiple drug resistance of bacteria.

Multirresistência microbiana e opções terapêuticas disponíveis / Microbial multi-resistance and available therapeutic options

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Devido ao uso irracional de antimicrobianos e a administração empírica, vários problemas de resistência microbiana surgiram como um novo desafio para a terapêutica, causando elevados índices de mortalidade. Dentre os grupos de micro-organismos relacionados a infecções resistentes destacam-se: Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à vancomicina, Enterococcus sp resistentes a diferentes classes de antimicrobianos, Streptococcus pneumoniae resistente à penicilina, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumanii resistentes aos carbapenêmicos e ainda as enterobactérias produtoras beta-lactamases de espectro ampliado (ESBL). O objetivo deste estudo foi rever na literatura científica a abordagem do surgimento de micro-organismos multirresistentes e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil. CONTEÚDO: Novos antimicrobianos são lançados no mercado com o intuito de alcançar tratamento efetivo para infecções causadas por micro-organismos resistentes. Para abordar os mecanismos de resistência mais comuns, das novas opções terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil e das novas diretrizes de uso desses fármacos. CONCLUSÃO: Enquanto o uso dos medicamentos antimicrobianos continuarem sendo de modo irresponsável e não for cumpridaa legislação para seu uso, os novos fármacos serão eficazes apenas temporariamente, fazendo constante o problema da multirresistência microbiana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to antibiotics irrational use and the empiric administration, many microbial resistance problems become a new therapeutic challenge, causing elevated mortality rates. Among the microorganisms groups related with resistant infections are: methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multi-resistant Enterococcussp, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL). The aim of this work was carry out a review of scientific literature in order to discuss the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganism sand the therapeutic options available in Brazil. CONTENTS: New antimicrobials are launched in order to achieve effective treatment for resistant microorganisms infections. To discuss the most common resistance mechanisms, new therapeutic options available in Brazil and new guidelines for the use of these drugs. CONCLUSION: While the use of antimicrobial drugs to keep so irresponsible and the law for its use not met, the new drugs will be effective only temporarily, keeping constant the microbial multi-resistance problem.

Non invasive real-time monitoring of bacterial infection & therapeutic effect of anti-microbials in five mouse models.

Background & objectives: In vivo imaging system has contributed significantly to the understanding of bacterial infection and efficacy of drugs in animal model. We report five rapid, reproducible, and non invasive murine pulmonary infection, skin and soft tissue infection, sepsis, and meningitis models using Xenogen bioluminescent strains and specialized in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Methods: The progression of bacterial infection in different target organs was evaluated by the photon intensity and target organ bacterial counts. Genetically engineered bioluminescent bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus Xen 8.1, 29 and 31; Streptococcus pneumoniae Xen 9 and 10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen-5 were used to induce different target organs infection and were validated with commercially available antibiotics. Results: The lower limit of detection of colony forming unit (cfu) was 1.7-log10 whereas the lower limit of detection of relative light unit (RLU) was 4.2-log10. Recovery of live bacteria from different target organs showed that the bioluminescent signal correlated to the live bacterial count. Interpretation & conclusions: This study demonstrated the real time monitoring and non-invasive analysis of progression of infection and pharmacological efficacy of drugs. These models may be useful for pre-clinical discovery of new antibiotics.

Mutual Interaction of Fungi and Bacteria / 대한의진균학회지

The presence of fungi in ecosystem had a great impact on the evolution of bacteria. The decomposition niches have been lost for the bacteria and fungi has created the new bacterial niches. From the investigation of interaction of fungi and bacteria, the influence of fungi on bacteria was elucidated. The inability of the bacteria to bridge air-filled voids limits bacterial motility in soils. This disadvantage is overcome by mycelial growth. The study of fungal-bacterial interactions in soils is not only interesting from a basic point of view but has yielded findings of social and economical relevance. Fungi that are harmful to bacteria may potentially form a source of new antibiotics.