Advances in the study of peptide drugs in oral drug delivery system / 药学学报

Peptide drugs exhibit an irreplaceable role in clinics due to their high specificity, efficiency and low toxicity. At present, more than 80 peptide drugs have been approved for marketing with global sales exceeding $50 billion in 2019. However, with large molecular weights, high hydrophilicity and instability in digestive tract, oral peptide drugs encounter substantial physiological barriers leading to low oral bioavailability. Therefore, peptide drugs are mostly administered by parenteral routes. Although parenteral delivery of peptide drugs achieves high bioavailability, this is associated with inconvenience and discomfort, even causing severe side effects compared with the oral route possessing a high degree of patient compliance. Therefore, numerous studies concentrate on novel strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs. Some delivery technologies such as Eligen™ and Axcess™ have been successfully applied to the oral dosage form of therapeutic peptides and have accelerated relevant oral formulations for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and clinical treatment. In this review, we focus on the oral peptide delivery, mainly summarizing the progress of recent strategies used to overcome oral barriers and the commercialization applications of related patents, which could facilitate the research and development (R&D) of clinical applications of oral delivery techniques for peptide drugs.

Analysis of technical difficulties and new strategies of oral liquid pharmaceutical preparation for children / 药学学报

With the implementation of the two-child policy and the growing demand for child health, pediatric medication has been arousing widespread social concern. To develop the drugs suitable for children, including new compounds, new specifications and new dosage forms, is urgently required for pharmaceutical researchers. In this review, several technical bottlenecks for pediatric oral liquid preparations, as well as the novel strategies involved in drug nanocrystals, self-microemulsion, ion exchange resin and Pickering emulsion were discussed, which may be benefit to play a theoretical guiding role in the research and development of children's oral liquid formulation.

Calidad en la administración de medicamentos por sondas enterales de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de México / Quality in drug administration by enteral catheters from an intensive care unit in Mexico / Administração de medicamentos de qualidade por sondas enterais unidade de cuidados intensivos do México

ResumenEl objetivo principal de este trabajo es evaluar la calidad en la administración de medicamentos por sondas enterales por el personal de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se consideró el total de profesionales en enfermería (N=30) de un hospital de alta especialidad. Se estudió las variables conocimiento y cumplimiento. Para evaluar el conocimiento en la administración de fármacos por sondas enterales, se utilizó el instrumento de Amuriza "encuesta de administración de fármacos por sonda". Para evaluar el cumplimiento, se empleó la cédula oficial de administración de medicamentos vía oral del Sistema Nacional de Indicadores de Calidad en Salud. Para obtener del nivel de calidad, se creó un índice ponderado general (IPG) a partir de la suma de los valores estimados obtenidos del porcentaje y la puntuación media del nivel de conocimiento y nivel de cumplimiento. Se analizó los datos a través del programa estadístico SSPS V.21.0. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento promedio fue deficiente en los participantes, el nivel de cumplimiento fue intermedio en el 77%, el nivel de calidad ponderado fue de 5 puntos estimado como deficiente. Conclusiones: El resultado es contrario a lo establecido en los lineamientos de administración de fármacos por sondas, se sugiere adiestramiento y evaluación constante para la mejora continua. Es indispensable el bien saber y el bien hacer en las intervenciones de enfermería.

SummaryThis work has like main purpose evaluate the quality in drug administration by enteral probes in nurses by an Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: observational, transversal and descriptive study. Considered the total number of nurses (N = 30) a high specialty Hospital. We studied the variables knowledge and compliance. To assess knowledge in the ministration of drugs for probes enteral was used the instrument of Amuriza "Survey of administration of drugs". To assess compliance in the administration of oral medications, used oral drug administration official card of national system of indicators of quality in health. To obtain the quality level, it created a weighted General index (IPG) from the sum of the estimated values retrieved from the percentage and the average of the level of knowledge and level of compliance score. The data were analyzed through the statistical program SPSS v.21.0). Results: Average knowledge level was deficient in the participants, the level of compliance was intermediate in 77%, weighted quality level was 5-point estimated as deficient. Conclusions: The result is contrary to established guidelines for administering drugs by probes, training and constant evaluation for continuous improvement is suggested. It is essential for good to know and do well in nursing interventions.

ResumoO principal objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a qualidade na administração de medicamentos por sondas enterais pela equipe de enfermagem da unidade de cuidados intensivos. Metodologia: observacional, estudo transversal e descritivo. os profissionais de enfermagem Total (n = 30) de um hospital altamente especializada foi considerada. As variáveis estudadas conhecimento e conformidade. Para avaliar o conhecimento nas sonda enteral de entrega de drogas, foi utilizado o instrumento Amuriza "tubo de fornecimento de pesquisa de drogas". Para avaliar o cumprimento, foi utilizado o certificado oficial de entrega de droga oral através do Sistema Nacional de Indicadores de Qualidade de Saúde. Para o padrão, um índice global ponderada (IPG) foi criado a partir da soma dos valores obtidos estimados de percentagem e contagem média de nível de conhecimento e nível de conformidade. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa de estatística SSPS V.21.0. Resultados: O conhecimento médio foi de participantes deficientes, o nível de adesão foi intermediário em 77%, o nível de qualidade ponderado foi de 5 pontos estimados como pobres. Conclusões: O resultado é contrária às disposições de diretrizes sondas entrega da droga, formação e é sugerido avaliação constante de melhoria contínua. É essencial sabe muito bem que fazer em intervenções de enfermagem.