Tatuaje de amalgama: Pigmentación exógena más común de la cavidad oral / Amalgam tattoo: Most common exogenous pigmentation of the oral cavity

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es analizar las características clínicas de la pigmentación de amalgama en la cavidad oral, comúnmente, denominada también tatuaje de amalgama, el objetivo es aumentar el conocimiento de esta entidad patológica y diferenciarla de otras lesiones de mayor importancia clínica.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of amalgam pigmentation in the oral cavity, commonly known as amalgam tattoo, in order to increase the knowledge of this pathological entity and to differentiate it from other important lesions.

Vitamin B12 deficiency masquerading Addison’s disease: a case report of an adolescent male

Intraoral pigmentations range from innocuous physiologic pigments to life-threatening malignant conditions. It is at the discretion of the observing clinician to identify the abnormal clinical manifestations and provide necessary intervention. There are controversies about delineating the definite etiology of the pigmentation such as race, exposure to ultra-violet radiation, drug-induced pigmentation post-inflammatory pigments of the oral cavity.

Hyperpigmentation of the hard palate mucosa in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia taking imatinib / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Bcr–Abl and a first-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Dermatological side effects include superficial oedema, pustular eruption, lichenoid reactions, erythroderma, and skin rash. Depigmentation of the skin and/or mucosa is uncommon, and hyperpigmentation is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 63-year-old Caucasian male with widespread hyperpigmentation of the hard palate associated with a 9-year history of imatinib therapy to treat CML. He did not complain of any symptoms. Clinical examination did not reveal any abnormal pigmentation of the skin or other region of the oral mucosa. He did not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. His medication regimen was a proton pump inhibitor, a beta-blocker, cardioaspirin, atorvastatin, and imatinib 400 mg/day. Histopathologically, melanin and haemosiderin deposits were evident in the lamina propria. The lesion persisted, with no clinical change, through several follow-ups. We reviewed the literature to explore the possible relationship between oral hyperpigmentation and long-term imatinib mesylate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We diagnosed oral pigmentation associated with imatinib intake based on the medical history and clinical features of the pigmented macules. Oral pigmentation may have a variety of causes, and differential diagnosis requires nodal analysis. Clinicians should be aware of possible oral mucosal hyperpigmentation in patients taking imatinib mesylate. Such pigmentation is benign and no treatment is needed, but surveillance is advisable.

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome: a case report and literature review

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is an acquired disorder characterized by pigmentation of oral tissues and nails. We present a case of LHS in an 89-year-old male that was seen at the college of dentistry when the patient presented for routine dental care.

Tratamiento de la melanosis gingival y evaluación de la repigmentación melánica: reevaluación clínica al cabo de 2 años / Treatment of gingival melanosis and assessment of melanin repigmentation. Clinical evaluation after 2 years

La encía hiperpigmentada es un problema estético en algunos pacientes, particularmente si la pigmentación es en la zona facial de la encía y es visible durante la sonrisa y el habla del paciente. Objetivo El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el grado de repigmentación melánica de melanosis gingivales tratadas con la combinación del uso del bisturí y la gingivoabrasión. Material y método Se incluyó a 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de pigmentación melánica fisiológica al nivel de la encía del maxilar, y que por necesidad estética se planificó la retirada del pigmento (depigmentación) con el bisturí y medios rotatorios, se evaluaron los parámetros de: intensidad de la pigmentación (IP) y el índice gingival de pigmentación. Resultados Con un promedio de 18 meses +/- 4,5 meses de postoperatorio 2 casos tuvieron una repigmentación de IP leve y 4 casos un IP ausente, los 6 casos mostraron un índice gingival de pigmentación de ausente después del postoperatorio. Conclusión La eliminación de manchas melánicas combinando el uso del bisturí y la abrasión es una técnica efectiva y posee un bajo índice de repigmentación al cabo de 18 meses de control.

Hyperpigmentation of the gingiva is an aesthetic problem in some patients, particularly if the pigment is in the facial area of the gum and is visible during smiling and speaking. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of repigmentation of gingival melanosis treated with the combination of using the scalpel and gingival abrasion. Material and method Six patients were evaluated with a diagnosis of physiological melanin pigmentation at the gingiva of the maxilla, and for aesthetic reasons needed the pigment removed (depigmentation) with a scalpel and a rotary abrasive. The parameters evaluated were the intensity of pigmentation index (PI) and gingival pigmentation index (GPI). Results After a mean of 18months +/- 4.5 months after the procedure, 2 patients had a mild repigmentation, and 4 cases with an absence of IP, and all 6 cases showed an PGI of zero in the postoperative period. Conclusion The removal of melanin spots combining the use of the scalpel and abrasion is an effective technique, and has a low rate of repigmentation after 18 months follow-up.

A Case of Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is a rare idiopathic acquired hyperpigmentation of oral mucosa and lips which is often associated with longitudinal melanonychia. This condition is known to be an entirely benign disease with no systemic manifestations. Herein we report a case of a 54-year-old woman presenting with a 7-year history of asymptomatic oral pigmentation and linear pigmented streaks of several fingernails. Histological examination taken from the mucosal lesion of tongue revealed increased pigmentation at the epithelial basal layer and a few melanophages in the submucosa. The lack of a family history coupled with the absence of any polyps on the endoscopic examinations of upper and lower bowel as well as the clinical features with late onset were all in favor of a diagnosis of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. The significance of this disease is due to the need to differentiate this disorder from other pigmentary disorders of the oral mucosa, especially Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

A Case of Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome / 대한피부과학회지

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is a rare acquired benign macular hyperpigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa which is often associated with longitudinal melanonychia. LHS is known to be an entirely benign condition with no systemic manifestations, which requires patient reassurance as the only intervention. The significance of this condition is due to its inclusion in differential diagnoses of pigmentary disorders of the oral mucosa, especially Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. We report a case of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome in a 66-year-old woman who presented with longitudinal pigmented bands on her fingernails and multiple, pigmented macules on the lip and tongue.

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome / 대한피부과학회지

The Laugier-Hunziker syndrome represents a rare, acquired, benign, pigmentary disorder of the lips, oral mucosa, and nails. The nails are often involved with the development of melanonychia, which may be due to focal melanocyte activation. The lips and the mucous membranes show a variable number of flat, gray to brown-black lenticular spots, which are usually asymptomatic. We report the third case of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome in the Korean literatures.