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{L-End}Objective To explore the feasibility of using positron emission tomography (PET) -computed tomography (CT) to detect brain metabolic abnormalities caused by trimethyltin chloride (TMT) poisoning. {L-End}Methods Specific pathogen free healthy SD rats were randomly divided into model group and control group with six rats in each group. Rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 10 mg/kg body mass of TMT solution, and rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Rats were anaesthetized after three days of modeling and underwent PET-CT brain scanning to detect the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F-2-fluro-D-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG). After scanning, rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected for brain organ coefficients calculation and brain histopathological analysis. {L-End}Results The rats in the model group showed symptoms of head tremor, limb twitching, irritability and others after TMT modeling. There was no significant difference in the body mass between the two groups of rats on the third day of modeling (P>0.05). The 18F-FDG uptake in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brainstem of the rats in the model group was significantly weakened compared with the control group, with deceased SUV values (all P<0.05). No obvious abnormalities were found in CT images and freshly collected brain tissues of rats of the control and model groups. The brain organ coefficients of rats in the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining of brain tissue showed that the cerebral cortex of rats in the model group had more tiny cavities than that of the control group, and some neuronal cells and a small number of hippocampal vertebral cells were tightly and deeply stained, with the cytoplasm and nucleus poorly demarcated, and pericellular space enlarged. The results of Nissen staining showed that the arrangement of neuronal cells in the model group was slightly disordered, and the interstitial space was slightly enlarged, but no other significant abnormal changes were observed. {L-End}Conclusion PET-CT can be used in detecting the metabolic abnormalities of brain in TMT poisoning rat model, making it a sensitive detection method for TMT poisoning.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish the laboratory historical control values for biological indicators in SD rats with 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests. METHODS: The body mass, blood routine indexes, serum biochemical indexes, organ mass and organ coefficient of 10 batches of specific pathogen free SD rats in the control group and the control additional group were collected for 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests, and the historical control values was established. RESULTS: The body mass of both male and female SD rats increased with the increasing age(all P<0.01). The body mass of male rats was higher than that of female rats each week(all P<0.01). The body mass, blood routine and serum biochemical indexes, organ mass and organ coefficient of SD rats were affected by the age and gender of rats to varying degrees. The effects of age and gender on organ mass and organ coefficient were not consistent. The laboratory historical control values of body mass, blood routine indexes, serum biochemical indexes, organ mass and organ coefficient of SD rats were established according to the age measured in weeks and the gender of rats. CONCLUSION: The laboratory control values of biological indicators of SD rats should be established according to different weekly age and the gender of rats. Organ coefficient is more suitable as an observation index for toxicological safety evaluation compared with organ mass.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the persistent damage of learning and memory ability after the cessation of sub-chronic manganese(Mn)-exposure in rats. METHODS: Specific pathogen free weaning male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium-and high-dose groups based on body weight, with 6 rats in each group. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with Mn chloride(MnCl_2·4 H_2O) at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight, 5 days per week for 6 weeks and continued to be observed for 12 weeks after the cessation of Mn-exposure. During the experiment, the body mass of the rats was weighed. Learning and memory ability was evaluated by a Morris water-maze task at the 6 th weeks of Mn-exposure(cessation of Mn-exposure of week 0), the 6 th and 12 th week of the cessation of Mn-exposure. The organ coefficients of heart, liver, spleen, kidney and testicles were evaluated after the cessation of Mn-exposure on week 12. RESULTS: The body mass of the high-dose group was lower than that of the other 3 groups(P<0.05) at the 4 th and 6 th week of Mn-exposure and the 2 nd week of the cessation of Mn-exposure. There was no significant difference in body mass between the groups(P>0.05) on the 12 th week of the cessation of Mn-exposure. The escape latency of high-dose group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05), and the number of platform crossings in the low-, medium-and high-dose groups were fewer than that in the control group(P<0.05) after the cessation of Mn-exposure. The escape latency was shorter and the numbers of platform crossings were higher on the 6 th and 12 th week of the cessation of Mn-exposure(P<0.05) when compared with that of the 6 th week of Mn-exposure rats. There was no statistical significance in the organ coefficients of heart, liver, spleen, kidney and testicles among the 4 groups at the 12 th week of the cessation of Mn-exposure in rats(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Sub-chronic Mn exposure can impair learning and memory ability of rats, and the damage persists after the cessation of Mn-exposure.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the long-term toxicity of Liqi sanjie extractum in rats after intragastric administration， and to provide reference for safety evaluation before clinical practice. METHODS： A total of 160 rats were randomly divided into control group （normal saline） and Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （7.828 0， 15.656 0， 31.312 0 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 40 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day from Monday to Saturday. The experimental period was 120 days， and the recovery period was 30 days after the end of the experiment. General information of rats was observed， and body weight and feed consumption of rats were measured once a week. At the 61st day of administration， the end of administration and the end of recovery period， 10， 20 and 10 rats were collected from each group to observe their hematology， blood biochemistry， organ coefficient and histopathology changes. RESULTS： From 61st day to 120th day of administration， the rats of Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group had hair loss and erection， and recovered after withdrawal of medicine. During medication， the body weight of mice in Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose and medium-dose groups increased faster than control group， while the body weight of rats in Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group increased slower than control group. Compared with control group， the feed consumption of Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose group increased， while those of Liqi sanjie extractum medium-dose and high-dose groups decreased； the rats were recovered after drug withdrawal. On the 61st day of administration and after the end of administration， some hematological indexes， blood biochemical indexes and organ coefficients of rats in administration group were significantly different from those of control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The hematology， blood biochemistry and organ coefficients of rats were basically recovered after the end of the recovery period. The number of erythrocyte， hematocrit， standard deviation of erythrocyte width， albumin， globulin ratio and potassium K+ levels in Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose group were significantly lower than those in control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The absolute value of intermediate cells in blood of rats in Liqi sanjie extractum medium-dose group was significantly higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）， and the mean hemoglobin concentration， K+ and uterine coefficient in blood were significantly lower than those of control group （P＜0.05）. The number of white blood cells， absolute value of lymphocyte， absolute value of intermediate cells， the percentage of intermediate cells， prothrombin time and spleen coefficient in Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Mean hemoglobin concentration， granulocyte percentage， albumin， alkaline phosphatase and K+ were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. No abnormalities in systemic autopsy and histopathology were noticed in rats. CONCLUSIONS： Long-term intragastric administration of Liqi sanjie extractum can cause certain toxic reactions in rats， and low dose of Liqi sanjie extractum causes less and lighter toxic reactions which can be automatically recovered after drug withdrawal. It can provide reference for the determination of clinical safe dose.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of paclobutrazol in SD rats. METHODS: Specific pathogen free SD rats at the age of weaning were randomly divided into control group and low-,medium-,and high-dose groups according the body weight,with 120 rats in each group,half male and half female. The study of combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity test in rats was carried out in 2 years by feeding the rats with paclobutrazol. The doses in the 4 groups were 0. 0,11. 7,48. 5 and 193. 9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for female rats and 0. 0,13. 5,54. 2 and 241. 9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for male rats. The body weight of rats was weighted during the experiment. The blood routine,blood biochemistry,organ coefficient and histopathology examinations were performed at the end of paclobutrazol exposure. The mortality and tumor incidence in rats were calculated. RESULTS: The decrease of body weights in female and male rats in dose groups was observed at 1-2 weeks after the experiment,compared with the same sex control group at the same time point( P < 0. 05).At the end of the exposure,the body weights of female and male rats in all three dose groups were lower than that in the same sex rats of control group( P < 0. 05). The mortality rates of female and male rats in the four groups were not significantly different( P > 0. 05). The brain organ coefficients of female rats in the three dose groups were higher than those female rats in the control group( P < 0. 05). The organ coefficients of liver,kidney and ovary of female rats in highdose group were higher than that of female rats in control group( P < 0. 05). The level of total bilirubin in male rats in the three dose groups was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05). The organ coefficients of brain and lung in male rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). The liver organ coefficient in male rats in the high-dose group was higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). A total of 244 rats had 402 spontaneous tumors with a tumor incidence rate of 50. 8%(244/480). The incidence of tumor in control,low-,mediumand high-dose groups were 61. 7%( 74/120), 42. 5%( 51/120), 50. 0%( 60/120) and 49. 2%( 59/120)respectively. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of tumors in three dose groups compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Under the dose conditions designed in this study,the lowest observed adverse effect level of paclobutrazol were 11. 7 and 13. 5 mg · kg~(-1)· d~(-1) in females and males respectively. Paclobutrazol was not found carcinogenic to SD rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of T-2 toxin on the expression of cytokines cytokines and pathological changes in parental mice and their offspring. Methods One hundred female mice and 25 male mice (CD-1, SPF) were adapted for one week. After regular random mating, observation of vaginal suppository within the first 24 hours was as the 0th day of pregnancy. The pregnant rats were divided into high dose, medium dose, low dose and control groups according to body weight by a random number table(Feed: the doses of T-2 toxin were 1 200, 600, 300, and 0 μg/kg, respectively), with 16 - 18 rats in each group. The high, middle and low dose groups began to consume the poisoned feed on the 0th day of pregnancy, while the control group consumed the standard feed. After natural delivery, their offspring were continually treated the same way as their mother until the offspring reached adulthood. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), organ coefficient and pathological changes of articular cartilage were determined. Results The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the control, low, middle and high T-2 toxin groups during the pro-pregnancy of the middle-aged mice were [(219.56 ± 19.32), (136.89 ± 20.41), (210.49 ± 21.23), (207.41 ± 21.23); (192.73 ± 22.43), (136.25 ± 29.55), (187.43 ± 39.32), (232.48 ± 39.32); (1 303.02 ± 142.10), (1 072.60 ± 78.30), (1 065.03 ± 37.44), and (1 169.72 ± 104.18) ng/L], respectively. The differences between control and T-2 toxin treated groups were statistically significant (F = 17.124, 6.237, 7.670, P < 0.05). For further pairwise comparison,IL-1β and IL-6 in low dose group were significantly lower than those in control, middle and high dose groups (P < 0.05); TNF-α content in control group was significantly higher than those in low,middle and high dose groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α between the control group and the low,middle and high dose groups of offspring weanling mice[(142.36 ± 13.36),(113.01 ± 8.65), (102.13 ± 8.31), (123.42 ± 10.41); (109.92 ± 9.76), (100.26 ± 15.60), (85.25 ± 9.97), (100.21 ± 16.46);(1 308.45 ± 204.90), (1 248.60 ± 96.85), (1 081.09 ± 105.51), (1 204.87 ± 153.96) ng/L, F = 49.823, 10.530, 7.490, P < 0.05]. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the low, middle and high dose groups(P < 0.05).The levels of TNF-α in the control group were significantly higher than those in the medium and high dose groups(P < 0.05).The levels of the three cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in adult filial mice were significantly different [(69.71 ± 9.61), (61.31 ± 10.07), (63.07 ± 10.39), (58.56 ± 9.69); (172.55 ± 24.55),(146.91 ± 13.47),(151.02 ± 24.93), (157.21 ± 17.86); (1 136.87 ± 137.39), (1 002.22 ± 86.52), (987.12 ± 130.80),(1 047.21 ± 171.64)ng/L, F=4.670,5.636, 4.775, P < 0.05], the contents of the three cytokines in the poisoning groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The organ coefficients of thymus, spleen and liver in the second trimester were significantly different [(0.14 ± 0.03), (0.20 ± 0.06), (0.15 ± 0.02), (0.12 ± 0.03); (0.71 ± 0.16), (0.78 ± 0.14), (0.77 ± 0.15), (0.38 ± 0.10); (6.19 ± 0.43), (5.57 ± 0.57), (6.04 ± 0.32), (5.11 ± 0.29), F = 4.056, 11.064, 8.312, P < 0.05], and the thymus index was significantly increased in low dose group (P<0.05),spleen coefficient decreased significantly in high dose group (P < 0.05), and liver coefficients in low and high dose group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the offspring, the midbrain coefficient of viscera showed significant changes [(3.45 ± 0.73), (3.11 ± 0.31), (2.98 ± 0.45), (3.04 ± 0.22), F = 7.529, P < 0.05], which was significantly decreased in the exposed rats(P<0.05).Both the mid-pregnant mice and filial mice showed varying degrees of changes in epiphyseal cartilage injury. The degree of epiphyseal cartilage injury became higher with increasing dosages of T-2 toxin in mid-pregnancy and post-weaning parental mice, and the injury was more serious in post-weaning mice. Conclusions Exposure to T-2 toxin can cause decrease of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the blood of CD-1 pregnant and filial mice, and also cause the cartilage damage in mice, which are aggravated following increased doses of T-2 toxin and extension of exposure time.
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Objective To compare the organ coefficients and expressions of hypoxia-related genes in Bama and Juema pigs.Method Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes of hypoxia gene expressions in the heart,liver,spleen,lung,and kidney of Juema and Bama miniature pigs.Results The organ coefficients of kidney and spleen of Juema pigs were significantly lower than Bama miniature pigs (P<0.05 for both).The heart and lung coefficients of Juema pigs were significantly higher than that of Bama miniature pigs (P<0.05 for both).The VEGF and HIF-1α expressions in the lung and kidney in Juema pigs were significantly higher than Bama pigs (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Only the EPO expression in in the lung of Juema pigs was significantly higher than that of the Bama miniature pigs (P<0.05).Conclusions These results indicate that the variation in organ coefficients may be resulted from evolutionary factors such as adaptiveness to environmental physical and energy conditions,pathogens,and energy metabolism demands,etc.in combination.Juema miniature pigs showing a significantly higher expression of hypoxia-related genes than that in Bama minipigs indicate that it has a strong plateau adaptability by higher gene expressions.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the intervening effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs) for pulmonary fibrosis of rats exposed to silica dust at different stages. METHODS: Specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into model group,2-week group,4-week group and control group with 6 rats in each group(half males and half females). Rats of the first three groups were one-time endotracheally injected with 0. 5 mL aseptic silica suspension at 30 g/L mass concentration. Rats of control group were injected with 0. 5 mL 0. 90% sodium chloride solution. Rats of 2-week group and 4-week group were injected with 0. 5 mL BMMSCs suspension with cell density was 5 × 10~9/L at 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively after silica dust exposure,while model group and control group were injected with aseptic 0. 90% sodium chloride solution in the same volume. After that all rats were examined by lung computed tomography(CT) scan,pathological sections were observed,lung coefficient were measured,lung tissue hydroxyproline(HYP) content and serum transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) concentration were investigated at the 12 th week after silica dust exposure. RESULTS: Lung CT image showed clean lung field and clear pulmonary parenchyma in control group.Multiple and diffused high density granular shadows of different size and streak/reticular fiber shadows in model group;diffused distribution of very small granular shadows in 2-week group; granular shadows and local reticular fiber shadows in 4-week group,and either the size or the area of granular shadows was smaller than model group. The lung CT value,lung coefficient,lung tissue HYP content and serum TGF-β1 concentration of model group,2-week group and 4-week group were higher than those of control group(P < 0. 05). The lung CT value,lung tissue HYP content and serum TGF-β1 concentration of control group,2-week group,4-week group and model group were elevated in turn(P < 0. 05),while the lung coefficient of model group and 4-week group was higher than that of 2-week group respectively(P < 0. 05).CONCLUSION: BMMSCs could delay pulmonary fibrosis caused by silica dust,and the protective effect is better at early stage than later stage of fibrosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different ages. METHODS: The specificpathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests for safety evaluation. At the end of each experiment,i. e. week 10,19,56 and 108(assigned into four groups: 10,19,56 and 108 weeks,each contained 100 rats with each sex),rats were executed. The liver organ coefficient was calculated,the pathological examination was performed,and the non-tumorous lesions in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS: The liver organ coefficients at the age of 19,56,108 weeks were lower than that of 10 weeks(P < 0. 05); those at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were lower than that of 19 weeks(P < 0. 05),and that of 108 weeks was greater than of 56 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the 10-week-old,19-week-old,56-week-old and 108-week-old groups,the types of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions detected in the female rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively,meanwhile those in the male rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively. Both male and female rats,the incidences of hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly increased with the increase of age in each group(P < 0. 05). The incidences of intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis in rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were higher than those at the age of 10 and 19 weeks(P < 0. 008).Moreover,the frequency of hepatic sinus expansion lesions in rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than those of 19 weeks(P < 0. 008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in the liver of SD rats were common,primarily demonstrated as hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The incidences of lesions increased with the increase of age.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the spontaneous non-tumor lesion of kidney and its correlation with different age and sex in SD rats. METHODS: Eight hundred specific pathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and 1 or 2 years of chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10,19,56 or 108 weeks of experimental periods. Each group consisted of 100 female and 100 male rats. The renal tissues were collected at the end of each experiment,and the renal organ coefficients were calculated. The pathological non-tumor changes of the kidneys were analyzed. RESULTS: The renal organ coefficients in female rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were both lower than that of 10 and 19 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 56 weeks was lower than that of 10 and 19 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than that of 56 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than that of female rats of 108 weeks( P < 0. 008). The incidence of renal tubular calcium salt deposition,interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and renal tubular dilatation in the female rats at the age of 108 weeks were higher than those in the male rats at the age of 108 weeks( P < 0. 05). The chronic progressive nephropathy incidence of female rats at the age of 108 weeks was lower than that of male rats aged 108 weeks( P < 0. 01).The renal tubular calcium salt deposition incidence of female rats aged 56 weeks was higher than that of male rats aged 56weeks( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The spontaneous non-tumor lesions in the kidney of SD rats were common. The incidence of some lesions was different in the same age group with different sex.
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Objective To detect the antitumor activity of total saponins form Parisforrestii (PCT3) in vitro and in vivo and its acute toxicity by disposable ig administration.Methods The inhibitory effect of PCT3 on proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) was detected by modified MTT assay,and the half inhibition concentration (IC50) was calculated.Acute toxicity test of PCT3 at doses of 1 646,2 352,3 360 and 4 800 mg/kg was performed by ig administration in mice.Mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (H22) was established with sc injection,and the mice were respectively ip given cisplatin 2 mg/kg (positive control),normal saline (negative control),ig given 0.5％ CMC-Na (solvent control),30,90 and 270 mg/kg PCT3 continuously for 9 d,and the inhibitory rate of tumor,body weight,liver,spleen,kidney and thymus coefficients were detected.Results PCT3 had significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HCT-116 and SGC-7901 cells,with IC50 values of 7.6 and 5.9 μg/mL,respectively.PCT3 induced animal diarrhea and activity inhibition in mice,the half lethal dose (LD50) was 1985.5 mg/kg.Compared with solvent control group,PCT3 had no significant effect on body weight of mice;270 mg/kg PCT3 had a significant inhibitory effect on H22 tumor mass (P ＜ 0.05),the inhibitory rate was 26.8％;There was no significant effect on the organ coefficient;compared with negative control group,cisplatin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and body weight (P ＜ 0.01),the inhibitory rates were 81.4％ and 37.4％ respectively;The liver,spleen and thymus coefficients were also significantly inhibited (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Conclusion The tumor inhibitory rate of cisplatin is significantly higher than that of PCT3,but it also significantly inhibits mice body weight and liver,spleen,thymus coefficients.PCT3 shows obvious antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo,and the toxicity is not remarkable.It could be a potential antitumor agent in the future.
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Objective To detect the antitumor activity of total saponins form Parisforrestii (PCT3) in vitro and in vivo and its acute toxicity by disposable ig administration.Methods The inhibitory effect of PCT3 on proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) was detected by modified MTT assay,and the half inhibition concentration (IC50) was calculated.Acute toxicity test of PCT3 at doses of 1 646,2 352,3 360 and 4 800 mg/kg was performed by ig administration in mice.Mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (H22) was established with sc injection,and the mice were respectively ip given cisplatin 2 mg/kg (positive control),normal saline (negative control),ig given 0.5％ CMC-Na (solvent control),30,90 and 270 mg/kg PCT3 continuously for 9 d,and the inhibitory rate of tumor,body weight,liver,spleen,kidney and thymus coefficients were detected.Results PCT3 had significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HCT-116 and SGC-7901 cells,with IC50 values of 7.6 and 5.9 μg/mL,respectively.PCT3 induced animal diarrhea and activity inhibition in mice,the half lethal dose (LD50) was 1985.5 mg/kg.Compared with solvent control group,PCT3 had no significant effect on body weight of mice;270 mg/kg PCT3 had a significant inhibitory effect on H22 tumor mass (P ＜ 0.05),the inhibitory rate was 26.8％;There was no significant effect on the organ coefficient;compared with negative control group,cisplatin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and body weight (P ＜ 0.01),the inhibitory rates were 81.4％ and 37.4％ respectively;The liver,spleen and thymus coefficients were also significantly inhibited (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Conclusion The tumor inhibitory rate of cisplatin is significantly higher than that of PCT3,but it also significantly inhibits mice body weight and liver,spleen,thymus coefficients.PCT3 shows obvious antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo,and the toxicity is not remarkable.It could be a potential antitumor agent in the future.
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Aim To compare the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of ethyl acetate extract( EAE) and n-buta-nol( BE) extract from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. in vitro. To investigate the parameters such as body weight, bio-chemical indexes in plasma, and viscera indexes on type 2 diabetes mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( STZ ) . Methods The extracts were prepared by response surface methodology. The ex-tracts were suspended in distilled water and defatted with petroleum ether. The aqueous layer was succes-sively extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity was determined by thiobarbituric acid method. The effects of extract BE on diabetic mice were observed at the dosage of 0. 2,0. 4,0. 8 g·kg-1 ( ig) for 4 weeks. The parame-ters were observed such as weight of body changes, or-gan coefficients of liver, pancreas and kidney, bio-chemical indexes in plasma and viscera pathological sections. Results In the linoleic acid reaction system, the SC50 value of the EAE and BE was ( 443. 96 ± 11. 24) mg·L-1, (840. 29 ± 16. 38) mg·L-1, re-spectively, and that in rat liver homogenate was (23. 59 ± 3. 67 ) mg · L-1 , ( 60. 37 ± 4. 27 ) mg · L-1 , respectively. Compared with diabetic model group, BE could significantly improve the trend of weight loss, and increase viscera indexes. The patho-logical sections showed that BE had the recovery and improvement effects on the damage of liver, pancreas and kidney. Conclusions The extracts of C. tinctoria have a certain anti-lipid peroxidation activity in vitro. And BE has a certain capacity to improve and repair damaged organs for DM mice.
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Objective To establish the background information of physiological parameters for germ?free ( GF ) Taihu piglets. Methods In this study we selected 25 days old GF Taihu piglets and 4 conventional ( CV) littermates, the male and female ratio was 1∶3, to measure the normal clinical values of hematology and serum biochemistry, immunoglobu?lin concentration and main organ coefficients. The analysis of relative growths of main organ weight to body weight was con?ducted in the Taihu GF and CV pigs by allometric scaling model. Results (1) Twelve hematological parameters and 8 blood biochemical parameters in the GF piglets were significantly lower than those in CV pigs (P<0?05). (2) The aver?age body weight, IgM concentration of GF pigs and CV pigs had significant difference ( P <0?05 ) , and no mesenteric lymph nodes were found in the GF pigs. (3) The gut weight had the largest allometric association with body weight in the GF pigs, while spleen weight has the largest allometric association with body weight in the CV pigs. Both the weight of heart and stomach in CV and GF pigs had a negative allometric association with body weight (allometric coefficient b<1), respectively. Conclusions Different microbe control grades affect the body weight, hematology and serum biochemistry, expression of immunoglobulin and development of main organs in laboratory pigs.
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Objective To establish the data including anatomy and histology of main organs in Rongshui miniature pig (RMP).Methods F1 Rongshui miniature pigs with male and female (2 in each group) in 6 month old were used in this experiment.We measured body weights, dissected these pigs after anaesthesia, recorded total blood volume, total plasma volume, number of spine and dental formula, took main organs for photographs, and made histological sections observed and took photographs by microscope.Results We gained the photographs of main organs and histological sections, organ weights,organic coefficients and other basic data.Conclusion Basic anatomy and histology data of main organs in RMP were collected.
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Objective To analyze the growth phenotype and blood biochemical parameters of chromosome 1 substi-tution mouse strain(CSS1), and investigate their potential of QTL mapping .Methods Body weight, body length, tail length, organ weight of the CCS1 mice were measured at different days to create a growth curve while blood biochemical in -dexes were measured at about the 80th day.Results The CCS1 mice were different from C57BL/6 mice in several inde-xes.Compared with the C57BL/6 mice during different developmental stages , six strains including B6-Chr1KM mice were significantly different in body weight .There were five strains including B6-Chr1CM mice significantly different with C57BL/6 mice in body length, and all of the CSS1 mice were significantly different from C57BL/6 mice in tail length.Part of CCS1 mice were significantly different from C57BL/6 mice in the weight of liver, spleen, kidney and brain.The ALT of female B6-Chr1CM mice was significantly higher than that in the C 57BL/6 mice.The ALP of female B6-Chr1HZ mice was signifi-cantly higher than that in the male C57BL/6 and B6-Chr1KM mice, and was significantly lower than that in the C57BL/6 mice.The TB of male B6-Chr1CM, B6-Chr1SMX and B6-Chr1HZ mice was significantly higher than that of the C 57BL/6 mice.The TG of male B6-Chr1SMX mice and male B6-Chr1TW mice was significantly higher than that in the C 57BL/6 mice. Conclusions The phenotype of Chr1 CSS mice is quite different from commonly used inbred strain C 57BL/6 mice.CCS1 mice show great potential in QTL mapping for their characteristic growth phenotype and blood biochemical indexes .
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Objective To accumulate operating experience and background data for housing mice in individually ventilated cages (IVC).Methods 5 weeks old Balb /c male mice(n =80) were allocated to 8 groups(n =10), which then housed in 5 or 10 per cage in 3 IVC systems(30,50 and 70 air changes /h, respectively) and one open-top cages (OTC) shelf for 8 weeks.Body weight was assessed at the initial date and every week .By the end of the experiment, necropsy was done and organs were separated and weighed .Excelland SPSS software statistics was made to draw the growth curve, and comparative analysis of body weight and organ coefficients was performed between the groups .Results 1.The growth curves of 5-mice per cage were better than that of 10-mice per cage.2.In the IVC groups, the curves trend and fluency of 50 air changes /h were more similar to that of 5-mice housed OTC group.3.The previously mentioned differences were statistically not significant (P >0.05).4.In the liver coefficients, there was a statistically significant difference between the 10-mice housed OTC group and 5-mice housed IVC group with 30 air changes /h(P 0.05).Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the air change frequency on 50 times per hour and keeping 5 Balb/c mice per cage is recommended as the best condition for mouse housing in IVC .
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Objective To measure the organ weight and body weight of outbred Wuzhishan mini-pigs (WZSP), and calculate the organ coefficient and the linear and multiple linear regression equations between body weight and major organ weights. Methods 30 common WZSP (16 males and 14 females) were chosen,the body weight and 7 organ weights were determined, and the organ coefficients were calculated. The organ coefficients between males and females were compared. The correlation and regression analysis was performed using the SAS software. Results The coefficient of heart had remarkably significant difference between males and females (P<0.05).The linear analysis showed that there were apparent linear correlations between body weight and all the organ weights except for the stomach of males and the lung of females.The weights of liver and kidney showed great influence on the body weight of males, while the body weight of females relied on the weights of heart, liver and kidney greatly. Conclusion Differences of organ coefficients are not significant between males and females,and there are linear relationships between body weight and some major organ weights.
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Objective To determine the urine parameters,body temperature and main organ coefficient of Fujian rabbits.Methods In this experiment,we selected twenty healthy Fujian rabbits with weight of about 2.5kg.Both male and female rabbits were ten.Before experiment,the rabbits drunk water freely.We collected fresh urine before breeding in the morning,and then determined the ten items urine parameters soon.Under the room temperature,we used electricity thermometer into the rabbits' rectum to determine the body temperature.Being fasting for 12h,the rabbits were anesthetized by 3% pentobarbital sodium,and then were put to death after bloodletting.The dissection took various internal organs immediately.The clean organs were weighed by electronic analytical balance.Results The results showed that the majority of the urine was yellow opacity,and the ten items urine parameters between male and female had no significant difference.The average body temperature of Fujian rabbits was 39.67℃ above other ones.There was no significant difference in main organ coefficient between male and female expect the lung and spleen.Conclusion In a word,it was objective to determine the body temperature,urine parameters,mainly organ coefficient of Fujian rabbits which were fed in conventional environment.It is valuable for the appliation of Fujian rabbits in life science sphere.